The document discusses facts versus opinions and cause and effect. It provides examples to illustrate the difference between facts and opinions. Facts can be proven true while opinions cannot. The document also explains that cause is what makes something happen while effect is what happens as a result. When identifying causes and effects in paragraphs, the effect will be the main topic while the causes are the supporting details. Conjunctions like "because", "since", and "therefore" can be used to connect cause and effect sentences.

1. Fact & Opinion
Cause & Effect
Oklahoma 4th Reading PASS Obj. 3.4c

2. Facts & Opinions
A fact is something/statement where you
can show someone else that it’s true.
An opinion is something that you can’t
show to another person.

3. Facts & Opinions
My cat is the best pet.
My cat has three legs.
My dog eats ‘Ol Roy dog food.
My dog is great.

4. Facts & Opinions
My cat is the best pet. Opinion
My cat has three legs. Fact
My dog eats ‘Ol Roy dog food. Fact
My dog is great. Opinion

5. Cause & Effect
A story is like a car in many ways. One
thing has to happen for something else
to happen. These actions and events are
called causes and effects.
A cause makes something happen.
An effect is what happens.

6. Cause & Effect
On the OCCT tests, when you have to
find cause and effect in paragraphs, the
effect will be the topic sentence and the
causes will be the details from the
paragraph.

7. Read the following...
Over the course of my lifetime, the Bay
Area has become my favorite vacation
destination. When I was younger, I loved
to go to the Bay Area because I wanted to
visit my Grandparents and other family
members. Since I’ve grown older, I still love
to visit my relatives, but I also appreciate
the mild weather.

8. Cause & Effect
Effect (topic Causes (detail
sentence) sentences)

9. Cause & Effect
Effect (topic Causes (detail
sentence) sentences)
Bay Area is my favorite
vacation destination

10. Cause & Effect
Effect (topic Causes (detail
sentence) sentences)
Bay Area is my favorite visit Grandparents
vacation destination
and family

11. Cause & Effect
Effect (topic Causes (detail
sentence) sentences)
Bay Area is my favorite visit Grandparents
vacation destination
and family
the mild weather

12. Cause & Effect
Conjunctions
Here are some common conjunctions that
can be used to express cause and effect.
since as a result because of +
noun phrase
because therefore due to + noun
phrase
consequently for this reason so

13. Cause & Effect
The conjunctions on the previous slide
can be used to join cause & effect
sentences.
The weather outside was cold.
Jim closed the window.

14. Cause & Effect
Because the weather outside was cold, Jim
closed the window.
Jim closed the window because it was cold
outside.
The weather outside was cold because Jim
closed the window.
Since the weather outside was cold, Jim closed
the window.

15. Cause & Effect
You need to be careful that you put the
sentences together in the correct way. If
you don’t, the sentence won’t make any
sense.