The document explains the concept of cause and effect, detailing how different conjunctions connect causes and effects in sentences. It provides examples of sentences demonstrating the use of conjunctions like 'because,' 'therefore,' and 'due to,' illustrating the structure of cause and effect relationships. Additionally, it lists various conjunctions that can signal these relationships and offers formulas for constructing such sentences.

1. CAUSE AND EFFECT
1. DEFINITION
2. FUNCTION
3. THE USAGE OF CAUSE EFFECT
BY: Cindy Silitonga, S.Pd

2. What is cause and effect ?
 Cause and effect is a concept that describing a
connection some situation that causing and
effecting each other.“Cause” tell why is it
happen , and “effect” talk about what’s
happening .
 So many conjunction that connect cause and
effect. “Because (of)” and “when” can be place
in front of or in the middle of the sentence.
And “so” and “therefore/as a result (of)” can be
place in the middle of the sentences.
 Conjunction “and” can be use to conjunct

3. How it works ?
1. Because he got stomachache, he didn’t
attend the exam
Because is the conjunction.
“ he got stomachache “ is the cause
“ he didn’t attend the exam “ is the effect.

4. 2. I need to improve my
knowledge; therefore, I want to study that
subject
I need to improve my knowledge is the cause
Therefore is the conjunction
And I want to study that object is the effect.

5. The usage of cause and effect
 There is some conjunction that can be used :
1. Due to
2. Because of
3. Owing to
4. Thanks to
5. As a consequence of
6. As a result of
7. Because
8. Since
9. As
10.For
11.Etc.

6. 1. Cause effect that follow with
noun or noun phrase
 The conjunction ( signal phrase ) is : Because of , Thanks to, As a result
of, Due to, As a consequence of, Owing to
 The formula :
Signal word/phrase +Cause +Effect
or Effect +Signal word/phrase +Cause
 Example :
1. Due to Bella’s nervousness, she did not pass the driving test.
Signal phrase : due to, Cause: Bella’s nervousness, Effect: She
did not pass the driving test
2. He’s always late because of his gaming habits
Signal phrase: Because of, Cause: His gaming habits, Effect :
He’s always late
3. As a result of the rain, we canceled the outing.
Signal phrase: As a result of, Cause: the rain, Effect : we canceled
the outing

7. 2. Cause effect that follow with
verb
 The conjunction ( signal phrase ) that can be used : Because, Since, As,
For
 The formula :
Signal word/phrase + Cause + Effect
or Effect + Signal word/phrase +Cause
 Example :
1. Because Bella was nervous, she did not pass the driving test
Signal phrase: because, Cause: Bella was nervous, Effect: She did
not pass the driving test
2. He’s always late because he always stay up at night
Signal phrase: Because, Cause: he always stay up at night, Effect :
He’s always late
3. The outing was canceled since it’s raining
Signal phrase: since, Cause: it’s raining, Effect : the outing was

8. I’m sorry if there’s some mistakes in
this PowerPoint 
THANK YOU