The document discusses zero and first conditional structures in English. It explains that zero conditionals use the present tense in both clauses and describe general truths or facts. First conditionals use the present tense in the if-clause and will or may/might in the result clause, making the result probable but not certain. Examples are provided for both structures along with notes on variations like using when instead of if or changing the certainty with adverbs.
This document provides a brief profile of someone who lists their boyfriend as their "babe 4 ever", their best friend as "TheBoyfriend", and their brother and crush identified as "Brova(ben j)" and "Crush(legacy)" respectively. They also mention enjoying the musician Drake and conclude by referring to themselves.
The document discusses the first conditional, which is used to talk about possible situations in the future. It has two parts: the main clause using future tense, and the if-clause using present tense. Examples are given such as "I will go to the beach if it is sunny tomorrow." Negative conditionals and questions are also possible. The first conditional can be used with modal verbs, imperatives, and the present tense as well to discuss possible future situations depending on certain conditions. Practice exercises are provided.
This document covers the use of the infinitive and subjunctive mood in Spanish after certain prepositions, conjunctions, and time expressions. It discusses how the infinitive is used after prepositions like para, sin, and antes de when there is no change of subject. It also explains that the subjunctive is used after conjunctions expressing purpose, restriction, anticipation, and time clauses with cuando and other conjunctions referring to future or uncertain events, while the indicative is used for past or present ones. Examples are provided to illustrate the different uses of the infinitive and subjunctive in various contexts.
NEW The purge film opening sequence analysis report sheetNicole Melia
The opening title sequence of The Purge uses CCTV footage from various cities to show violent crimes like shootings, fights, and arson occurring between 2017 and 2021. This establishes that The Purge is an annual event in America where all crime is legal for 12 hours. The sequence employs jump cuts between crime clips and a slow, high pitched song with no diegetic sound. It introduces the horror/thriller genre conventions through graphic violence and ominous tone, without dialogue to provide context.
This document provides information about zero conditional sentences in English grammar. It begins by explaining that conditional sentences have two clauses: a conditional (if) clause and a main clause. A zero conditional expresses something that is always true when a certain condition occurs. It uses the present simple tense in both clauses since it refers to general truths and facts. Examples are provided like "If I eat too much, I get sick" and "Water boils if you heat it to 100 degrees." The document outlines the basic structure of zero conditional sentences and discusses their uses, such as for rules, scientific facts, cause and effect, routines, and negatives. It also presents alternatives to "if" like "unless," "as long as," and "
This document discusses the differences between the zero conditional and first conditional structures in English. It provides examples of common scenarios where each conditional can be used, such as general truths for the zero conditional and predicting future events for the first conditional. It emphasizes that the zero conditional uses simple present tense in both clauses while the first conditional uses simple present in the if-clause and will for the future tense in the main clause. The document also cautions against using redundant modals and provides reminders on proper verb usage in conditionals.
Conditional sentences have two clauses: an if-clause and a main clause. There are different types of conditional sentences depending on the tenses used. A zero conditional uses present tense in both clauses to describe universal truths or scientific facts. A first conditional uses a present tense if-clause and a future tense main clause to talk about possible future events, make promises, or give warnings.
This document discusses teaching grammar concepts related to conditionals. It begins with examples of conditional sentences and then provides explanations and exercises to practice the zero, first, second, and third conditionals. Students are directed to complete matching, multiple choice, transformation, and speaking exercises in the document and related materials. The goal is for students to understand when and how to use different conditional sentence structures.
This document provides a brief profile of someone who lists their boyfriend as their "babe 4 ever", their best friend as "TheBoyfriend", and their brother and crush identified as "Brova(ben j)" and "Crush(legacy)" respectively. They also mention enjoying the musician Drake and conclude by referring to themselves.
The document discusses the first conditional, which is used to talk about possible situations in the future. It has two parts: the main clause using future tense, and the if-clause using present tense. Examples are given such as "I will go to the beach if it is sunny tomorrow." Negative conditionals and questions are also possible. The first conditional can be used with modal verbs, imperatives, and the present tense as well to discuss possible future situations depending on certain conditions. Practice exercises are provided.
This document covers the use of the infinitive and subjunctive mood in Spanish after certain prepositions, conjunctions, and time expressions. It discusses how the infinitive is used after prepositions like para, sin, and antes de when there is no change of subject. It also explains that the subjunctive is used after conjunctions expressing purpose, restriction, anticipation, and time clauses with cuando and other conjunctions referring to future or uncertain events, while the indicative is used for past or present ones. Examples are provided to illustrate the different uses of the infinitive and subjunctive in various contexts.
NEW The purge film opening sequence analysis report sheetNicole Melia
The opening title sequence of The Purge uses CCTV footage from various cities to show violent crimes like shootings, fights, and arson occurring between 2017 and 2021. This establishes that The Purge is an annual event in America where all crime is legal for 12 hours. The sequence employs jump cuts between crime clips and a slow, high pitched song with no diegetic sound. It introduces the horror/thriller genre conventions through graphic violence and ominous tone, without dialogue to provide context.
This document provides information about zero conditional sentences in English grammar. It begins by explaining that conditional sentences have two clauses: a conditional (if) clause and a main clause. A zero conditional expresses something that is always true when a certain condition occurs. It uses the present simple tense in both clauses since it refers to general truths and facts. Examples are provided like "If I eat too much, I get sick" and "Water boils if you heat it to 100 degrees." The document outlines the basic structure of zero conditional sentences and discusses their uses, such as for rules, scientific facts, cause and effect, routines, and negatives. It also presents alternatives to "if" like "unless," "as long as," and "
This document discusses the differences between the zero conditional and first conditional structures in English. It provides examples of common scenarios where each conditional can be used, such as general truths for the zero conditional and predicting future events for the first conditional. It emphasizes that the zero conditional uses simple present tense in both clauses while the first conditional uses simple present in the if-clause and will for the future tense in the main clause. The document also cautions against using redundant modals and provides reminders on proper verb usage in conditionals.
Conditional sentences have two clauses: an if-clause and a main clause. There are different types of conditional sentences depending on the tenses used. A zero conditional uses present tense in both clauses to describe universal truths or scientific facts. A first conditional uses a present tense if-clause and a future tense main clause to talk about possible future events, make promises, or give warnings.
This document discusses teaching grammar concepts related to conditionals. It begins with examples of conditional sentences and then provides explanations and exercises to practice the zero, first, second, and third conditionals. Students are directed to complete matching, multiple choice, transformation, and speaking exercises in the document and related materials. The goal is for students to understand when and how to use different conditional sentence structures.
If the woman goes to Hawaii for her wedding anniversary, she will be able to relive her romantic honeymoon and enjoy activities like hula dances and surfing. The travel agent suggests Hawaii after the woman rules out other locations like Yosemite National Park, Disneyland, and Colorado, as those places would not suit her and her husband's interests or could involve undesirable weather conditions like rain interfering with their plans.
The document explains the three main types of conditionals in English:
1) Zero conditional - for general truths using the simple present tense (e.g. "If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils")
2) First conditional - for possible present or future events using will + verb (e.g. "If it's sunny, we'll go to the park")
3) Second conditional - for unlikely or impossible present/future events using would + verb (e.g. "If I had a million dollars, I would buy a big house")
It also covers the structure, tense use, and examples of when to use each conditional type.
This document discusses the different types of conditional sentences in English:
- Zero conditional refers to general truths using present tense in both clauses.
- First conditional refers to possible or real situations using present tense in the if-clause and future tense in the main clause.
- Second conditional refers to unlikely or improbable situations using past tense in the if-clause and "would" in the main clause.
- Third conditional refers to hypothetical or imaginary past situations using past perfect in the if-clause and "would have" in the main clause.
It also covers using time clauses like "when", "as soon as", "until", "before", and "after" with future tenses.
Here are 8 conditional sentences with the if clauses circled and main clauses underlined as requested:
Zero conditional:
If you heat ice, it melts.
If the sun rises in the east, it sets in the west.
Type 1 conditional:
If it rains, I will get wet.
If I study hard, I will pass the exam.
Type 2 conditional:
If I were rich, I would travel the world.
If you asked me, I would help you.
Type 3 conditional:
If I had listened to my parents, I wouldn't be in this mess.
If she had called me, I would have picked up.
Mixed conditional A:
Here are the sentences completed with the verbs in parentheses:
1. If Clare arrives late again, the hockey trainer will be furious. (to arrive)
2. You'll be sorry if you don't revise for your exams. (to revise)
3. We'll go if the weather's good. (to go)
4. They won't recognize you if you wear a wig and dark glasses. (to recognize)
5. If the bus is on time, I won't miss the football. (to be)
6. If you do your homework now, you'll be free all tomorrow. (to do)
7. We'll go out if there's no food at home. (to
This document provides information on conditionals and wishes in English grammar. It discusses the structure and use of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and mixed conditionals. It also covers replacing "if" with words like "unless" and "even if". The document explains how to express wishes using "wish" and "if only" with different tenses depending on if the wish is about the present, past, or a desire for change. Examples are provided throughout to illustrate the uses and structures of conditionals and wishes in English.
The document explains the three main types of conditionals in English:
- Zero conditional refers to general truths using the simple present tense in both clauses.
- First conditional refers to possible present or future events using present tense in the if-clause and will+verb in the main clause.
- Second conditional refers to unlikely or imaginary present/future events using past tense in the if-clause and would+verb in the main clause.
The document discusses conditionals in English grammar. It explains the structure and use of zero conditionals and first conditionals. Zero conditionals use the simple present tense to describe general truths and things that always happen under certain conditions, such as "Water boils if you heat it to 100 degrees." First conditionals use different verb tenses to talk about possibilities in the present or future, such as "If it's sunny, we'll go to the park." The document provides examples and practice exercises to illustrate the use of these conditional structures.
This document discusses the different types of conditional sentences in English: zero conditional, type 1 or first conditional, type 2 or second conditional, type 3 or third conditional, and mixed type conditional. It provides examples for each type of conditional and explains the tenses used in the if and main clauses for each. It also discusses the differences between type 2 and 3 conditionals and includes an activity for the reader to practice forming conditionals.
1. The document discusses different types of conditional sentences in English, known as conditionals. It explains the zero conditional, first conditional, second conditional, and third conditional.
2. The zero conditional is used to express general truths, rules, or habits. The first conditional refers to present or future possibilities. The second conditional is used for imaginary or unlikely situations. The third conditional refers to conditional situations in the past that were not fulfilled.
3. Examples are provided for each type of conditional along with explanations of their structure and usage. Activities are included for the learner to practice identifying and using different conditionals.
Sentence correction 2( pronouns and modifiers)George Prep
This document provides information about pronoun errors, including the definition of pronouns, examples of different types of pronoun errors like ambiguous pronoun references and non-existent antecedents, and exercises to identify pronoun errors. It discusses topics like subject and object pronouns, possessive pronouns, ambiguous references, agreement in gender, number and person, as well as examples and drills to identify pronoun errors in sentences.
This document provides an overview of clauses and conjunctions in grammar. It defines the different types of clauses, including independent clauses, dependent clauses, and the different types of dependent clauses. It also defines the three main types of conjunctions - coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions, and correlative conjunctions. Examples are provided to illustrate the different clause and conjunction types. The document concludes by clarifying any questions about clauses and conjunctions.
The document discusses various rules of inference used in deductive reasoning. It defines validity and provides examples of valid argument forms like modus ponens, modus tollens, hypothetical syllogism, and disjunctive syllogism. It also discusses fallacies like affirming the consequent and denying the antecedent that invalidate arguments despite having true premises. The document aims to explain logical reasoning tools to evaluate arguments.
The document discusses different types of conditionals in English grammar. There are three main types: zero conditionals which refer to general truths using the simple present tense; type 1 conditionals which refer to possible present or future conditions using the simple present and future tenses; and type 2 conditionals which refer to hypothetical or unlikely conditions using the past tense and present conditional. The document provides examples of each type of conditional and explains their typical grammatical structures.
This document provides instruction on subject-verb agreement rules in English. It discusses key rules such as singular subjects requiring singular verbs and plural subjects requiring plural verbs. It also covers compound subjects, irregular plural nouns, indefinite pronouns, prepositional phrases, and clauses that can impact subject-verb agreement. Examples are provided to illustrate the application of these rules in correcting errors. A brief quiz at the end tests the reader's understanding of identifying subject-verb agreement issues.
This document discusses different types of conditional sentences in English. It explains zero, first, and second conditionals. The zero conditional uses the simple present tense to talk about general facts, such as "if it rains, we take an umbrella." The first conditional uses the present tense in the if-clause and will or going to in the result clause to talk about possible futures, like "if I go to sleep late, I won't wake up on time." The second conditional uses past tense to talk about unlikely or imaginary situations, such as "if I were rich, I would travel around the world."
- Conditionals are sentences that describe one event depending on another.
- There are two types of real conditionals - zero conditional which describes general truths, and first conditional which describes possible future events.
- There are also three types of unreal conditionals - second conditional describes imagined present situations, third conditional imagined past situations, and mixed conditional mixes past and present.
- The tenses used change based on whether the conditional refers to present, future, or past situations.
Real conditional sentences express conditions and their likely results. They are divided into zero conditionals and first conditionals. Zero conditionals describe general truths using simple present tense, such as "If you heat wax, it melts." First conditionals express possible future conditions using present tense in the if-clause and future tense in the main clause, like "If you save money, you will be able to buy the car." Both types of real conditionals consist of an if-clause describing the condition and a main clause describing the expected result.
There are two main types of conditionals in English: zero conditional and first conditional.
The zero conditional describes something that is always true and uses the structure of present tense in both the if-clause and main clause (e.g. "If you don't eat for a long time, you get hungry").
The first conditional describes something that is likely to happen in the future and uses the structure of present tense in the if-clause and future tense in the main clause (e.g. "If you study hard, you will pass the exam"). Both conditionals can have the clauses reversed or take question form.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
If the woman goes to Hawaii for her wedding anniversary, she will be able to relive her romantic honeymoon and enjoy activities like hula dances and surfing. The travel agent suggests Hawaii after the woman rules out other locations like Yosemite National Park, Disneyland, and Colorado, as those places would not suit her and her husband's interests or could involve undesirable weather conditions like rain interfering with their plans.
The document explains the three main types of conditionals in English:
1) Zero conditional - for general truths using the simple present tense (e.g. "If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils")
2) First conditional - for possible present or future events using will + verb (e.g. "If it's sunny, we'll go to the park")
3) Second conditional - for unlikely or impossible present/future events using would + verb (e.g. "If I had a million dollars, I would buy a big house")
It also covers the structure, tense use, and examples of when to use each conditional type.
This document discusses the different types of conditional sentences in English:
- Zero conditional refers to general truths using present tense in both clauses.
- First conditional refers to possible or real situations using present tense in the if-clause and future tense in the main clause.
- Second conditional refers to unlikely or improbable situations using past tense in the if-clause and "would" in the main clause.
- Third conditional refers to hypothetical or imaginary past situations using past perfect in the if-clause and "would have" in the main clause.
It also covers using time clauses like "when", "as soon as", "until", "before", and "after" with future tenses.
Here are 8 conditional sentences with the if clauses circled and main clauses underlined as requested:
Zero conditional:
If you heat ice, it melts.
If the sun rises in the east, it sets in the west.
Type 1 conditional:
If it rains, I will get wet.
If I study hard, I will pass the exam.
Type 2 conditional:
If I were rich, I would travel the world.
If you asked me, I would help you.
Type 3 conditional:
If I had listened to my parents, I wouldn't be in this mess.
If she had called me, I would have picked up.
Mixed conditional A:
Here are the sentences completed with the verbs in parentheses:
1. If Clare arrives late again, the hockey trainer will be furious. (to arrive)
2. You'll be sorry if you don't revise for your exams. (to revise)
3. We'll go if the weather's good. (to go)
4. They won't recognize you if you wear a wig and dark glasses. (to recognize)
5. If the bus is on time, I won't miss the football. (to be)
6. If you do your homework now, you'll be free all tomorrow. (to do)
7. We'll go out if there's no food at home. (to
This document provides information on conditionals and wishes in English grammar. It discusses the structure and use of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and mixed conditionals. It also covers replacing "if" with words like "unless" and "even if". The document explains how to express wishes using "wish" and "if only" with different tenses depending on if the wish is about the present, past, or a desire for change. Examples are provided throughout to illustrate the uses and structures of conditionals and wishes in English.
The document explains the three main types of conditionals in English:
- Zero conditional refers to general truths using the simple present tense in both clauses.
- First conditional refers to possible present or future events using present tense in the if-clause and will+verb in the main clause.
- Second conditional refers to unlikely or imaginary present/future events using past tense in the if-clause and would+verb in the main clause.
The document discusses conditionals in English grammar. It explains the structure and use of zero conditionals and first conditionals. Zero conditionals use the simple present tense to describe general truths and things that always happen under certain conditions, such as "Water boils if you heat it to 100 degrees." First conditionals use different verb tenses to talk about possibilities in the present or future, such as "If it's sunny, we'll go to the park." The document provides examples and practice exercises to illustrate the use of these conditional structures.
This document discusses the different types of conditional sentences in English: zero conditional, type 1 or first conditional, type 2 or second conditional, type 3 or third conditional, and mixed type conditional. It provides examples for each type of conditional and explains the tenses used in the if and main clauses for each. It also discusses the differences between type 2 and 3 conditionals and includes an activity for the reader to practice forming conditionals.
1. The document discusses different types of conditional sentences in English, known as conditionals. It explains the zero conditional, first conditional, second conditional, and third conditional.
2. The zero conditional is used to express general truths, rules, or habits. The first conditional refers to present or future possibilities. The second conditional is used for imaginary or unlikely situations. The third conditional refers to conditional situations in the past that were not fulfilled.
3. Examples are provided for each type of conditional along with explanations of their structure and usage. Activities are included for the learner to practice identifying and using different conditionals.
Sentence correction 2( pronouns and modifiers)George Prep
This document provides information about pronoun errors, including the definition of pronouns, examples of different types of pronoun errors like ambiguous pronoun references and non-existent antecedents, and exercises to identify pronoun errors. It discusses topics like subject and object pronouns, possessive pronouns, ambiguous references, agreement in gender, number and person, as well as examples and drills to identify pronoun errors in sentences.
This document provides an overview of clauses and conjunctions in grammar. It defines the different types of clauses, including independent clauses, dependent clauses, and the different types of dependent clauses. It also defines the three main types of conjunctions - coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions, and correlative conjunctions. Examples are provided to illustrate the different clause and conjunction types. The document concludes by clarifying any questions about clauses and conjunctions.
The document discusses various rules of inference used in deductive reasoning. It defines validity and provides examples of valid argument forms like modus ponens, modus tollens, hypothetical syllogism, and disjunctive syllogism. It also discusses fallacies like affirming the consequent and denying the antecedent that invalidate arguments despite having true premises. The document aims to explain logical reasoning tools to evaluate arguments.
The document discusses different types of conditionals in English grammar. There are three main types: zero conditionals which refer to general truths using the simple present tense; type 1 conditionals which refer to possible present or future conditions using the simple present and future tenses; and type 2 conditionals which refer to hypothetical or unlikely conditions using the past tense and present conditional. The document provides examples of each type of conditional and explains their typical grammatical structures.
This document provides instruction on subject-verb agreement rules in English. It discusses key rules such as singular subjects requiring singular verbs and plural subjects requiring plural verbs. It also covers compound subjects, irregular plural nouns, indefinite pronouns, prepositional phrases, and clauses that can impact subject-verb agreement. Examples are provided to illustrate the application of these rules in correcting errors. A brief quiz at the end tests the reader's understanding of identifying subject-verb agreement issues.
This document discusses different types of conditional sentences in English. It explains zero, first, and second conditionals. The zero conditional uses the simple present tense to talk about general facts, such as "if it rains, we take an umbrella." The first conditional uses the present tense in the if-clause and will or going to in the result clause to talk about possible futures, like "if I go to sleep late, I won't wake up on time." The second conditional uses past tense to talk about unlikely or imaginary situations, such as "if I were rich, I would travel around the world."
- Conditionals are sentences that describe one event depending on another.
- There are two types of real conditionals - zero conditional which describes general truths, and first conditional which describes possible future events.
- There are also three types of unreal conditionals - second conditional describes imagined present situations, third conditional imagined past situations, and mixed conditional mixes past and present.
- The tenses used change based on whether the conditional refers to present, future, or past situations.
Real conditional sentences express conditions and their likely results. They are divided into zero conditionals and first conditionals. Zero conditionals describe general truths using simple present tense, such as "If you heat wax, it melts." First conditionals express possible future conditions using present tense in the if-clause and future tense in the main clause, like "If you save money, you will be able to buy the car." Both types of real conditionals consist of an if-clause describing the condition and a main clause describing the expected result.
There are two main types of conditionals in English: zero conditional and first conditional.
The zero conditional describes something that is always true and uses the structure of present tense in both the if-clause and main clause (e.g. "If you don't eat for a long time, you get hungry").
The first conditional describes something that is likely to happen in the future and uses the structure of present tense in the if-clause and future tense in the main clause (e.g. "If you study hard, you will pass the exam"). Both conditionals can have the clauses reversed or take question form.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
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This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
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A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
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Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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1. Using the zero and first conditional structures correctly is important for beginner level learners and more
experienced English students. Thegrammatical structures areeasyto learn and simple to remember with
our examples and pictures in this post. You can see some examples in the B1 level reading post: Music
and adjectives of personality Have fun reading!
ll conditional sentences talk about a result that is dependant on a condition. The sentences, therefore,
have twoparts, or clauses. In English, we use the word “if” to determine the condition in the first clause,
and the result (which depends on the condition) in the other clause.
If ice-cream gets warm, it melts.
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[condition], [result]
Since the tenses used are unique to each conditional type we can often rearrange the two parts of the
sentence freely:
If ice-cream gets warm, it melts.
Ice-cream melts if it gets warm.
Types of conditional structures
There are different types of conditionals, namely zero conditionals, first conditionals, second
conditionals and third conditionals. We use these structures depending on how probable the condition
and its result are. They can go from 100% certain, if the condition is true the result always happens, to
completely impossible (the result was maybe possible in the past but can’t happen at all now). See the
table below for a rough guide.
Type Tenses in the two clauses Probability condition will happen
Zero conditional [If + present] + [present] 100% – will always happen.
1st conditional [If + present] + [will] 50%-90%- will probably happen.
2nd conditional [If + past simple] + [would + infinitive] 1%-40%- can happen, but probably won’t.
3rd conditional [If + past perfect] + [would have + past participle]
0%- impossible, can’t happen because in
the past.
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How to make zero conditional sentences
To form the zero conditional structure formed we use the present tense in both the condition and result
part of the sentence. As mentioned before, these parts can be arranged with either the condition
coming first and the result second, or the result coming first and the condition second:
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Using “When” instead of “If” in zero conditionals
Note: Since zero conditionals describe general truths, things that happen all the time, you can also
use “when” instead of “If” in the condition part of the sentence, with the meaning remaining the
same. For example :
4. Since zero conditionals describe general truths, things that happen all the time, you can also use
“when” instead of “If” in the condition part of the sentence, with the meaning remaining the same.
For example :
If the temperature is 0°C, it snows.
[condition] [result]
Has the same meaning as:
When the temperature is 0°C, it snows.
[condition] [result]
Using adverbs of frequency to modify the certainty of
the result
Zero conditional structures are used to talk about results that happen depending on the conditional or
“if” clause. Sometimes weneed to changethe certainty of the secondactionwith an adverbof frequency.
Here are some examples:
If it rains, I always take an umbrella
When the sun shines in Spain, the weather is usually hot.
I never take the train if the busses are running on time.
When I find a good series on Netflix, I often binge watch all weekend!
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5. The 1st conditional
Next, let’s move onto the 1st conditional, here there is probability and chance at play, the result is no
longer 100% certain. We use the 1st conditional when we believe the condition and result can (and
probably will) happen in reality, but they are not 100% certain like the zero conditional above. It is
formed by using the present tense in the condition part of the sentence and most often the future tense
with “will” in the result part of the sentence:
If + present tense, (comma) + future with “will”
[condition] [result]
OR
future with “will” (no comma) + if + present tense
[result] [condition]
Using “ -‘ll” for “will” in the 1st conditional
The abbreviated form of “will”, ”(apostrophe) +ll” is used more often than the full word in conditional
sentences, as usually, we are describing spontaneous decisions that we might make in the future.
For example:
If the weather is nice, I’ll go to the park.
[condition] [result]
I’ll go to the park if the weather is nice.
6. [result] [condition]
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We use “will not” or “won’t” for negative results
The condition and the result clauses can be affirmative or negative.
For example:
If the company wins the contract, they will give me a bonus.
[affirmative condition] [affirmative result]
If the company doesn’t make a profit, they won’t give me a bonus.
[negative result] [negative condition]
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Using the 1st conditional for warnings.
The 1st conditional is also used to warn others of the probable results of certain actions, we often hear
these types of warnings between parents and children or teachers and students etc. For example:
If we don’t hurry, we’ll miss our train.
[condition] [result]
OR
We’ll miss our train if we don’t hurry.
[result] [condition]
Using other modal verbs instead of “will” in the 1st
conditional
We can also use modals like “can,” “may / might,” “must,” and “should,” as well as imperatives
(verbs giving instructions) in the result part of the sentence instead of “will”. Modal verbs change the
certainty of the result.
For example:
If the children finish their homework, they can play outside. OR The children can play outside if
they finish their homework.
If you buy a lottery ticket you might win. OR You might win if you buy a lottery ticket.
If she orders the present now, it should arrive before his birthday. OR The present should
arrive before his birthday if she orders it now.
If you ride a motorbike, you must wear a helmet. OR You must wear a helmet if you ride a
motorbike.
If you don’t know what to do, ask me. OR Ask me if you don’t know what to do.
Summary of zero and first conditional
structures
In summary, zeroconditionals happen 100% of the time and 1st conditionals canhappen and are usually
very likely to happen. Compare the difference in meaning in the examples below:
If the temperature drops to zero degrees, it snows (in general).
When using the zero conditional, the sentence describes what is generally known to be true all the time,
for instance, scientific rules.
If the temperature drops to zero degrees, it will snow (here).
When using the 1st conditional, the sentence describes something that can really happen in the future of
the current situation. There are good chances it can snow in the speaker’s home town or city, but it still
might not.
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