1) Europeans began exploring eastward in the 15th century, with Portuguese explorer Henry the Navigator establishing a school of navigation and Chinese admiral Zheng He leading voyages around Africa and to India. 2) The Ming Dynasty ruled China during this time and initially allowed limited European trade at Chinese ports, but later isolated themselves more due to concerns over foreign influence. 3) Japan experienced civil war during the 16th century until Toyotomi Hideyoshi reunified the country, after which the Tokugawa Shogunate isolated Japan from most foreign contact for over 200 years with only limited trade through the Dutch.

1. Section 1: Europeans Explore the East

2.  Europeans gained ___________ by exploring
 ______________________– Portuguese Explorer;
“to serve God and His Majesty, to give light to
those who were in darkness and to grow rich as
all men desire to do.”
 ___________- ships that sailed against the
wind

3.  ______________________was committed to
the idea of exploring
 First to use caravel and compass
 Started school of navigation
 ______________________led a ship around
Africa, to India, and back.
 Portuguese had found a sea route to Asia.

4.  ______________________ convinced Spanish
monarchy that he could reach Asia by sailing
west.
 Columbus sailed the ocean blue in 1492
 1494, _________________________________:
 divided the world into two areas.
 Portugal controls East—including Africa, India,
and parts of Asia.
 Spain controls West—including Americas.

5.  Portugal gained power over
“______________________”.
 Islands rich in spice
 Europeans set up companies to control trade
 Companies had power to mint (create)
money, make treaties, and even raise their
own armies.


6. Section 2: China Limits European
Contacts

7.  Ming Dynasty – Chinese dynasty that ruled
from 1368 to 1644
 Hongwu first emperor
 Improved government
 Increased food production
 Killed many people he suspected as traitors

8.  Eventually, Chinese began to isolate
themselves
 Allowed trade at only 3 ports
 Illegal trade was common
 Europeans wanted Silk and ceramics

9.  Manufacturing never grew very large
 Believed farming was a better way of life
 Manufacturing heavily taxed
 Missionaries brought Christianity and technology

10.  Ming Dynasty lost
power
 Government could
not solve problems
 Manchus – People
from Manchuria
 1644, Took control of
China
 Started Qing Dynasty

11.  Chinese wanted Europeans to follow rules to
trade with them.
 Trading only at special ports and paying fees.
 The Dutch agreed
 The British did not

12.  Production of rice and long period of peace
led to better lives
 Population almost doubled 1600-1700
 Many were farmers
 Better fertilizers, and irrigation

13.  Sons were valued over daughters
 Infant girls were killed
 Adult women had few rights
 Invasion from foreigners and trade issues
with English created tension in China
 Tried to preserve art and isolation

14.  • Ming dynasty
 • Hongwu
 • Yonglo
 • Zheng He
 • Manchus
 • Qing dynasty
 • Kangxi

15. Section 3:
Japan Returns to Isolation

16.  Daimyo
 Oda Nobunaga
 Toyotomi Hideyoshi
 Tokugawa Shogunate
 Kabuki
 Haiku

17.  1467 – 1568 civil war in
Japan
 Daimyo (warriors) took
over
 Fought each other for
land
 1590, Toyotomi
Hideyoshi brought
Japan under one ruler
 Tokugawa moved capital
of Japan to small town
of Edo (today: Tokyo)

18.  Rulers were called Shoguns
 When Tokugawa died in 1616, his family
started the Tokugawa Shogunate
 Lasted until 1867

20.  Peasants suffered
 Worked many hours
 Paid heavy taxes
 Moved to city
 Women had more opportunities

21.  Traditional culture
 Classical paintings and ceremonial dramas
 New styles in cities
 Kabuki – dramas about urban life

22.  5 -7 -5

23.  1543, Europeans arrived to Japan
 1612, Tokugawa banned Christianity from
Japan
 Persecuted all Christians
 Rid country of all Christians

24.  1639, Japanese sealed borders
 One port open only to Chinese and Dutch
 Tokugawa had tight control over the port
 For 200 years, Japan closed contact with
Europe

25.  Study for test tomorrow!
 Study your notes!
 Study Vocabulary
 STUDY, STUDY, STUDY