Nutrigenomics is an emerging scientific discipline that studies the effects of foods and dietary components on gene expression. It explores how nutrients and bioactive compounds in food can turn genes on and off and influence our health. Some key points covered in the document include: - Nutrigenomics uses tools from fields like genetics, molecular biology, and genomics to study nutrient-gene interactions. - Certain nutrients consumed during critical periods of development can modulate gene imprinting and influence long-term health outcomes. - Omega-3 fatty acids from foods like fish have been shown to downregulate genes associated with heart disease and upregulate genes related to cardiovascular health. - Nutrigenomics research is providing insights into personalized

1. Nutrigenomics: An Emerging Scientific Discipline
(Nutrient on gene Expression)
SPEAKER
Sukanta Das
Nutrition and Deities
Vidyasagar University, Midnapore- 721 102

2. Terminology
1. Genetics
2. Genomics
3. Nutrigenetics
4.Nutrigenomics
2003-Debusk
Mechanism for inheriting specific traits
Which genes and proteins are activated
under different conditions
Effects of genetic variation on Nutrient
influences on health and diseases of an
individual. Ex- Phenylketonuria, Lactose
Intolerance
Effect of bio active dietary components on
the expression of genes & ultimately health.
EX- DHA on lipolysis

3. Nutrigenomics Integrative System Biology
Nutrition Science
Uses the tools &
concept from
Botany Molecular
Biology
Genetics
Biochemistry
Genomics
Nutrient
Gene Disease

4. Pathway of nutritional genomics/
Nutrigenomics
Other Lifestyle
factors/ Smoking/
Alcoholism
Cholesterol
and Fat
1a. Disease causing nutrients
1b. Health promoting nutrients
Health friendly
nutrients
CVD
Health up gradation

5. Evolution in the concept of Nutrient
 Nutrient as fuel (Energy yielding concept)
Nutrient as cofactor (Metabolic regulator concept)
Nutrient as pharmaceutical agent (Nutraceuticals) (Health protective & Disease
preventive concept)
 Nutrient as gene modulator (Nutrigenomics)
Gene modulating concept
Nutriepigenetic
(Nutrient alter the methylation of DNA at specific
developmental period i.e. succkling period)

6. Evidences of Nutrigenomics
1. Nutrient at specific critical period of development
Modulate gene imprintation
Feeding of Royal jelly to first 3 days of immature bees Convert it into queen
Muller-2003
2. Epidemiological evidence
Diet rich in fruits, vegetable, whole grain
Decrease the risk of chronic degenerative disease
Waterland- 2003
3. Methyl enrich diet to the mother (rat) during gestational period
Produce life long change in the color of the pups. (Nutriepigenetics)
4. Evolutionary aspect of diet ( Simopoulos-2002) (Asian Pacific J. Clin. Nut.)
5. Unfold the different domains of Nutrigenomics (5th International
Phytochemical conference 18-19th Oct, 2004. Calofornia)

7. 0
40
30
20
10
Hunter Agricultural Industrial
Gatherer
-4x106 -10000
Trans fat
1800 1900 2000
600
100
Mg/day
30
10
% of calories from fat
0
Total fat

8. Ethnic differences in fatty acid concentration
and Mortality from CVD
Europe and USA Japan Green land/
eskimos
Ratio ω6/ ω3 50 12 1
Mortality from
CVD
45 12 7
Current value ω6 / ω3
Japan: 4. 00
Current India (Rural): 5-6.1
Current India (Urban): 38-50
USA: 16.74

9. Four Possible Mechanism
Mechanism of Gene- Nutrient Interaction
Example
Example
R
cAMP
kinase
Protein
CRE
phosphorilation
mRNA

10. Atherosclerosis and ω3PUFA
What is ω3PUFA CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH
ω3
ω3
What is Atherosclerosis
LDL-C
OX-LDL-C-LDL-
C
Receptor bound OX-LDL in endothelial cell
Foam cells
PAF
EDGF
Platelets streak
Endothelial level streak
Atherosclerosis
Clot
Plaque

11. Arachidonic
acid
Ecosapentaenoic
acid
Diet Diet
Upregulate EDRF
(Endothelium Derived
Relaxing Factor )
Downregulate PDGF (Platelet
Derived Growth Factor) in
Endothelial cell
Mitogenic activity and
chemoattracting activity of
PDGF are erased
Transgenic endothelial cells with ω3 fatty acid desaturase from round worm C. elegans
Endothelial cells fed ω3 fatty acid
Cellular level ω3 fatty acid
Downregulate PDGF and Upregulate EDRF

12. RNA Polymerase
entry side
SRE AUG UAA
NH
PPAR / RXR – Where SRE consist of an AGGTCA direct repeat with
differ in nucleotide number in the spacers
RXR AGGTCA N2 AGGTCA
PPAR AGGTCA N5 AGGTCA
DNA
{
Promoter
PPAR + ω3 fatty acid RXR +Retinoids
Heterodimer
ω3 Retinoids
PPAR RXR
GENE EPA DHA
FAS
Acyl -coA
oxidase
Switch on/ Switch off/ the
Form in cytosol Nucleus Bind to SRE concern gene expression

13. Model for upregulation of gene expression by steroid receptor
ligand complex
D Pol- II
A
B J F E
Unstabilize preinitiation
complex for transcription
H
SRE TATA
when SRE is blank
mRNA
A
B
RC
D Pol- II
A
B J F E
H
SRE TATA
mRNA
RC
RC-stabilize preinitiation
complex for transcription
when SRE is captured by RC

14. Hypothesis for downregulation of gene expression by steroid
receptor ligand complex
mRNA
Gene Z
USP
SRE SRE
TF-□D
TATA
A protein complex binds with upstream promoter (USP) and activates transcription
via interaction with TATA protein i.e. TF-□D
SR SR
mRNA
Gene Z
USP
SRE SRE
TF-□D
TATA
SR SR
SR binds with SRE, displace USP complex and remove the USP mediated stabilization
of TF-□D protein- shutting down transcription

15. RAM SHYAM
Both are suffering from mild heart
attack
HDL-C Low dietary fat HDL-C
Results conflict/ Dilemma doctors/ Dietitians
Explanation
Hepatic Lipase (HL)
Overexpression
HDL-C
Polymorphism of HL-gene at 514 bp upstream
transcription initiation site (SNP)
C T substitution
C/C alleles C/C or C/T alleles
Low dietary fat (HDL-C) Low fat diet (HDL-C)
< 30% of energy

16. MECHANISM
A G T C G A
OH radical/
Low antioxidative diet
A G T Hc G A
DNA single strand
Replication
DNA double strand
{
T C A A C T
A G T T G A C T substitution at USP gene

17. ARE Oxido- Reductase gene
Oxido- Reductase
NFE2R2
Lycopene
Ligand Complex
NFE2R2 (Transcription factor)
(Nuclear factor E2 related
factor- 2)
Control phase- II of Bio-transformation
Pro-carcinogen
Lycopene
mRNA
Lycopene

18. Challenges with Product
Development
Studies must be ‘product specific’ not ‘ingredient
specific’
Standard foe effective and safe nutritional product
Genetic testing of the product
Dietary intervention based upon Nutritional
requirement, Nutritional status and Genotype

19. Our
Slogan
1. “NUTRITION BE YOUR MEDICINE AND MEDICINE
BE YOUR FOOD”
2. “HEALTH COMES FROM THE FARM, NOT FROM THE
PHARMACY”