1. Nutrigenomics is the study of how nutrients and other food components influence gene expression and health. It seeks to understand how an individual's genetic makeup determines their response to different diets.
2. Specific dietary components can modulate the balance between health and disease by directly or indirectly impacting gene expression. An individual's genetic profile, including polymorphisms in nutrient-regulated genes, affects their risk of diseases.
3. Personalized diets tailored to one's genotype may help lower disease risk in genetically predisposed groups by accounting for how genetics influence the body's response to different nutrients.
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2)antiaging
Diet disease interaction ,advantages of nutrigenomics ,disadvantages of nutrigenomics
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What is nutrigenomics ,introduction to genomic,introduction to nutrigenomics, examples ,1)folate2) pku 3)lactose intolersnce
2)antiaging
Diet disease interaction ,advantages of nutrigenomics ,disadvantages of nutrigenomics
why need of nutrigenomic,what are the uses of nutrigenomics,
Nutrigenomics is the science that examines the response of individuals to food compounds using post-genomic and related technologies (e.g. genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabol/nomic etc.). The long-term aim of nutrigenomics is to understand how the whole body responds to real foods using an integrated approach termed 'systems biology'. The huge advantage in this approach is that the studies can examine people (i.e. populations, sub-populations - based on genes or disease - and individuals), food, life-stage and life-style without preconceived ideas.
The study of how genes and gene products interact with dietary chemicals to alter phenotype and, conversely, how genes and their products metabolize nutrients is called nutritional genomics or “Nutrigenomics”.
Nutrigenomics is the science that examines the response of individuals to food compounds using post-genomic and related technologies (e.g. genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabol/nomic etc.). The long-term aim of nutrigenomics is to understand how the whole body responds to real foods using an integrated approach termed 'systems biology'. The huge advantage in this approach is that the studies can examine people (i.e. populations, sub-populations - based on genes or disease - and individuals), food, life-stage and life-style without preconceived ideas.
The study of how genes and gene products interact with dietary chemicals to alter phenotype and, conversely, how genes and their products metabolize nutrients is called nutritional genomics or “Nutrigenomics”.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
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Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
2. • The study of the consequences of the influence of
nutrients and other bioactive food components on the
expression of the genetic material
3. Definition
• to examine dietary signatures in
“Seeks
tissues and organisms and to understand
cells,
how
and
nutrition influences homeostasis” (Muller
Kersten,2003)
• “The interface between the nutritional environment and
cellular/genetic processes” (Kaput and Rodriguez,2004)
4. Nutrigenomics
• Nutrigenomics is a branch of nutritional genomics and is
the study of the effects of foods and food constituents on
gene expression.
5. Introduction
• Nutrigenomics is establishing the effects of ingested
nutrients and other food components on gene
expression and gene regulation
• It will also determine the individual nutritional
requirements based on the genetic makeup of the
person as well as the association between diet and
chronic diseases
• It will identify the genes involved in physiological
responses to diet and the genes in which small changes,
called polymorphisms and the influence of
environmental factors on gene expression
6. Nutrigenetics
• Nutrigenetics identifies how the genetic make up of a
particular individual co-ordinates his or her response to
various dietary nutrients
• It also reveals why and how people respond
differently to the same nutrient
7.
8. i. Improper diets are risk factors for disease.
ii. Dietary chemicals alter gene expression and /or
change genome structure.
iii. The degree to which diet influences the balance between
healthy and disease states may depend on an individuals
genetic makeup.
iv. Some diet-regulated genes are likely to play a role in the
onset, incidence, progression, and/or severity of chronic
diseases.
The four basic tenets of nutrigenomics are:
9. Nutrigenomics/Nutrigenitcs deal with few, though important, concepts
1. Specific dietary profiles can modulate the delicate balance between
health and disease acting, either directly or indirectly, on gene
expression.
2. The individual genetic makeup, that is , the presence of
polymorphisms in nutrient regulated genes, affects individual risk of
diseases.
3. Personalized diets, which take into account individual genotype,
represent the ultimate goal of Nutrigenomics/Nutrigenitcs studies,
as they can lower risk in genetically predisposed individuals or
population groups.
10. How does diet affects our gene expression ?
• Genes express themselves through proteins. Enzymes are special proteins
designed to get things started.
• Our genome instructs ribosomes to produce many enzymes that destroy
toxins.
• Some foods such as cauliflower, broccoli and brussels sprout contain
chemicals that actually tell our gene to direct biosynthesis of these enzymes
• In some individuals genes give unclear instructions for making an enzyme
that metabolizes the amino acid, phenylalanine. As a result this amino acid
build up, thereby causing brain damage
• A diet restricting this amino acid will stop the damage if detected in early
infancy
11.
12. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)
• Most of the genes have small sequence differences
–
polymorphisms- that vary among individuals
• SNP are the most common type of variation
• Specific genetic polymorphisms in human populations change their
metabolic response to diet and influence the risk patterns of disease
• Some SNPs change the recipe for the gene so that either a different
quantity of the protein is produced or the structure of the protein
molecule is altered
13. Nutrition-gene interaction
1. Direct interactions: Nutrients after interacting with a receptor,
behave as transcription factors that can bind to DNA and induce
gene expression
2. Epigenetic interactions: Nutrients can alter the structure of
DNA so that gene expression is altered
3. Genetic variation: Common genetic variations such as single-
nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can alter the expression or
functionality of genes.
14. Gene diet disease interaction
• Nutrigenetic diseases 97 per cent of the genes have known to be
associated with human diseases result in monogenic diseases.
• Modifying the dietary intake can prevent some monogenetic
diseases e.g., in phenylketonuria (PKU) food containing the
amino acid phenylalanine,
--including high protein food such as fish, chicken, eggs, milk,
cheese, dried beans, nuts and tofu must be avoided
• In case of defective aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme,
alcohol must be avoided
• Patients having galactosemia (lack of a liver enzyme to digest
galactose) should avoid diets which contain lactose or galactose,
including milk and milk products
15. Nutrigenomics and obesity
“The lipoprotein responses to the diets were not significantly different between
the
running and sedentary twins” which indicates that genetic rather than
environmental
influences may have greater impact on blood lipids.
In the study, one twin was sedentary and the other run an average of 50km/wk more
than the sedentary twin which allowed researchers to assess the interaction of diet and
exercise on genetic response
Results showed that decreasing dietary fat intake significantly decreased HDL and plasma
Apo A-I levels in both the sedentary and running twin. LDL particles also increased
significantly.
A study by Williams et al. (Am J Clin Nutr, 82: 181-7, 2005) attempted the contribution of genes to body
weight and lipoprotein response
When 28 pairs of monozygotic twins are a high carbohydrate diet for six weeks then switched to high
fat diet
17. Nutrigenomics and CVD
• Some of these variants are susceptible for dietary
intervention, for example:
Individuals with the E4 allele in the apolipoprotein E gene
show higher LDL levels with increased dietary fat intake
compared with those with other (E1, E2 and E3) alleles
receiving equivalent amounts of dietary fat.
• One single nucleotide polymorphism (-75G/A) in the
apoprotein A1 gene in women is associated with an
increase in HDL levels with the increase in the dietary
intake of PUFA.
18. Conti
…
• Individuals with the A variant showed an increase in the
protective HDL levels following increased consumption of
PUFA compared with those with the G Variant taking
similar amount of PUFA.
• One polymorphism (-515 CC) in the hepatic lipase gene is
associated with an increase in protective HDL levels
compared with the TT genotype (common in certain ethnic
groups such as African-Americans) in response to high fat
diet.
19. Hypertension
• However, no evidence of the interactions between
polymorphic variants of these genes and dietary
factors are available.
• On the other hand sodium transport/metabolism- related
genes such as those encoding epithelial sodium channel
(ENaC) subunits, adducin, and 11
B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase are certainly of interest,
given well-proven association between dietary salt intake
and hypertension.
20. Nutrigenomics and cancer
• Inherited mutations in genes can increase one’s susceptibility for cancer.
The risk of developing cancer can be markedly increased if there is a
gene diet interaction.
• Studies of twins show that the likelihood of identical twins developing
the same cancer is less than 10%, indicating that the environment
plays an important role in cancer Susceptibility.
• It is clear that carcinogen metabolism-affecting polymorphisms may
modify probability of contact between carcinogens and target cells, thus
acting at the stage of cancer initiation.
21. Diet and increased risk of cancer
• There is an increase risk of colorectal cancer with
high consumption of red meat.
salt and
as being
• Specific dietary irritants, such as
preservatives have been suggested
carcinogens for gastric cancer.
22. • It was reported that a stronger relationship existed between the risk
of developing hepatocellular carcinoma in Sudanese population
and consumption of peanut butter with aflatoxins with the
glutathione S-transferase M1 null genotype compared to those
lacking the genotype.
• It is now accepted that a person's state-of-health arises from the
dynamic interaction of environmental factors with his or her genetic
uniqueness. These factors can positively or negatively impact the
extent to which people will realize their genetic potential
23. Advantages of Nutrigenomics
• Increased focus on a healthy diet and lifestyle
• Increased awareness of risk of certain
conditions
• Improved health quantity of life
• Focus on prevention of diseases
• Decreased morbidity and premature mortality
• Reduced health care costs
• Better understanding of the mechanisms
involved in disease susceptibility
24. Disadvantages of Nutrigenomics
• Attention is drawn away from other modifiable
risk factors
• Focus only specific nutrients/foods
• Misleading claims
• Increased costs associated with personalized
diets and designer foods