Focus Area 2 of Maintaining a Balance

1. Focus Area 2

3. Main groups of substances
Inorganic Substances (these substances do not
contain carbon)
Organic Substances (these substances contain carbon)
Minerals
Water
Oxygen
Iron
Calcium
Sodium
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids

5. Carbohydrates
• The most common form of organic compound
• All carbohydrates contain carbon. Hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
• Their role is to supply living organisms with energy
• Carbohydrates are stored in the form of starch in plants and as
glycogen in animals

6. • From these storage molecules, carbohydrates can be broken down
into simplier and more useable forms such as glucose.
• Carbohydrates also play a role in cell structure. Cellulose is a
carbohydrate and is the main component of plant cell walls

7. Lipids
• Lipids contain hydrogen, carbon and very few
oxygen atoms
• They are a more efficient energy molecules then
carbohydrates however they are a secondary
source
• Long term storage of energy
• Fats and oils are examples

9. • Act as insulation for the body, protect internal organs
• Help in the absorption of some minerals
• Form an important structural part of all membranes in cells
• Some act as essential structural parts of hormones which are
chemical messengers (steroids)

10. Proteins
• Contain carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen and nitrogen
• Long chains of amino acids
• Used in structure, storage,
movement and transport of cells
• Examples of proteins are
hormones and antibodies
• Enzymes are proteins that speed
up chemical reactions

11. • Proteins are made up of amino acids
• There are 20 different amino acids

13. Nucleic Acids
• Contains the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and
phosphorous
• The heredity information found in the nucleus of your cells
• DNA stands for: deoxyribonucleic acid
• RNA stands for: ribonucleic acid
• Made of nucleotides, linked together to form single chains (RNA) or
double strands (DNA). Each is made up of a simple sugar, a phosphate
and a nitrogen base.

14. • DNA stores the information that controls the cell and therefore the
whole organism
• DNA is responsible for transmitting inherited information from one
cell to another
• RNA is a nucleic acid found in small amounts in the nucleus but in
larger amounts in the cytoplasm.

15. VIDEO
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YO244P1e9QM

16. Movement in and out of cells
• What are some substances that need to enter and leave the cell?

17. Model of the Cell Membrane