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Chemistry of Life.pptx
- 2. MATTER •Element – a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances. •Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon
- 3. MATTER
- 4. ELEMENTS Living things consist of atoms of different elements.
- 5. ELEMENTS AND ATOMS All matter is composed of basic substances called elements. Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen and Hydrogen An atom is the smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical and physical properties of the element.
- 6. ANATOMY OF AN ATOM •Protons possess a positive charge. •Neutrons possess a neutral charge. •Electrons have a negative charge.
- 8. LET’S PRACTICE 1. What type of charge does a proton have? 2. What type of charge does a neutron have? 3. What type of charge does an electron have? 4. Which two subatomic particles are located in the nucleus of an atom? 5. If an atom has 35 protons in the nucleus, how many electrons will it have orbiting the nucleus?
- 9. THE ELEMENTS OF LIFE CARBON HYDROGEN OXYGEN NITROGEN
- 10. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ORGANIC COMPOUNDS - In chemistry, organic compounds are generally any chemical compounds that contain carbon. Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids
- 11. CARBOHYDRATES Found in a wide range of foods that bring a variety of other important nutrients to the diet, such as vitamins and minerals.
- 12. TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES Monosaccharide Disaccharide Polysaccharide • Simplest unit of Carbohydrates • These are made up of single sugar molecules. • When two simple sugars are joined together by a chemical bond. • Any carbohydrate that is made up of more than two simple sugars.
- 16. LIPIDS Diverse group of chemicals that are fats and oily substances. Fat and oils are the principle stored forms of energy in many organisms. Serve as the a source of fat soluble vitamins. Insoluble in water
- 17. LIPIDS Diverse group of chemicals that are fats and oily substances. Fat and oils are the principle stored forms of energy in many organisms. Serve as the a source of fat soluble vitamins. Insoluble in water
- 18. PROTEINS Most abundant organic molecules of the living system. Proteins are the basis for the major structural components of animal and human tissue. Protein molecules contain Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Carbon.
- 19. STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS Proteins are composed of small units. Amino acids are organic compounds that combine to form proteins.
- 20. TYPES OF PROTEINS ◦ provide structural support for cells and tissues. ◦ Fibrous Protein Membrane Proteins Globular Proteins
- 21. TYPES OF PROTEINS Membrane proteins are the gatekeepers to the cell and are essential to the function of all cells Membrane Proteins
- 22. TYPES OF PROTEINS Globular Proteins
- 23. NUCLEIC ACIDS DNA Johann Friedrich Miescher 1920 nucleic acids were found Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
- 24. TWO TYPES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS Found within cell nucleus Occurs in all parts of cell DNA RNA
- 25. pyrimidine or purine bases