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Nucleic acid and its simple structure
- 1. A presentation on NUCLEIC ACID SUBMITTE TO Mr. Prafull Kumar Course teacher Submitted by Chandrahas sahu M.Sc. Ag
- 2. NUCLEIC ACIDS Biopolymers made up of Monomers NUCLEOTIDES Hold the genetic information Variety of other functions 1. DNA 2. RNA Defination
- 3. Nucleic Acid • First discovered in the nuclei of the cell in 1868 by FRIEDRICH MIESCHER • Huge organic molecules that contains C, H,O, N, & P. • Nucleic acid is a polymer of NUCLEOTIDE held by 3’ and 5’ phosphate bridges.
- 4. Functions of nucleic acids • DNA is the chemical basis of heredity • Reserve bank of genetic information • Responsible for maintaining the identity of different species of organisms over millions of years • Cellular function is under the control of DNA • The basic information pathway • DNA directs the synthesis of RNA, which in turn directs protein synthesis
- 5. Nucleic acid Nucleotide Phosphoric Acid Nucleoside Sugar Ribose or Deoxyribose Purin Adenine guanine Pyrimidin Cytisine, uracile or thymine +
- 6. • Nucleosides are composed of nitrogenous base and sugar
- 7. • The pentose sugar is either ribose in ribonucleosides or 2-deoxyribose in deoxyribonucleosides
- 8. Glycosid bond: the Purine nucleosides are N-9 glycosides & the Pyrimidine nucleosides are N1glycosides. In case of pyrimidine in case of purine
- 9. Classification of Nucleosides Nucleosides Pyrimidine nucleosides Purine nucleosides Pyrimidine ribonucleosides Pyrimidine deoxy ribonucleosides Purine ribonucleosides Purine deoxy ribonucleosides Adenine ribonucleoside (Adenosine) 9-β-D-ribo- furanosyl adenine Guanine ribonucleoside (Guanosine) 9-β-D-ribo- furanosyl guanine Thymine deoxy- ribonucleoside (Deoxy thymidine) 1-β-2’-deoxy- D- ribofuranosyl thymidine Cytosine ribonucleoside (Cytidine) β-D- ribofuranosyl cytidine Uracil ribonucleoside (Uridine) β-D- ribofuranosyl uridine Adenine deoxy ribonucleoside (Deoxy adenosine) 1-β-2’-deoxy- D- ribofuranosyl adenine Guanine deoxy ribonucleoside (Deoxy guanosine) 1-β-2’-deoxy- D- ribofuranosyl guanine Cytosine Deoxy- ribonucleoside (Deoxy- cytidine) 1-β-2’-deoxy- D- ribofuranosyl cytidine
- 10. Phosphate esters of nucleosides. • Nucleotides are composed of nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and phosphate • Nucleotide = nucleoside + phosphate
- 12. Representative Structures of Nucleotides Deoxyribonucleotides
- 13. Polynucleotides= chain of nucleotides