Bshs 485 Week 2 Capstone Worksheet Essay

Essay about Bshs 485 Week 2 Capstone Worksheet
University of Phoenix Material
Mon Valley Case Study Responses
Read "How the Strategic Prinicples of Consensus Organizing Were Applied in the Mon Valley" in
Ch.3 of Consensus Organizing. The following questions come from "Questions About the Mon
Valley Case Study" in Ch.3 of Consensus Organizing.
Identify where you see strategic principles of consensus organizing demonstrated in the Mon Valley
Case Study. Provide 150– to 200–word answers for each of the following principles and the
summary.
|Strategic principle 1: Solutions to local problems should come from affected communities. |
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|Strategic principle 2: Pragmatic leadership is present in communities, though not always
recognized. |
|As a consensus organizer it is important to look for those individuals in the community that are
trusted, respected and able to take on the |
|responsibility of improving the community. In the Mon Valley Case study that person is Robert
Pease who was the director of the Allegheny |
|Conference. Robert Pease came up with the idea to hire Mike Eichler who would help with building
new community organizations in Mon Valley. |
|Because Robert Pease was a trusted individual in the community it would be more likely that others
in the community would listen to him and |
|be agreeable to his suggestions. Robert Pease was going to use funds from the Heinz Endowment to
hire Mike Eichler. Robert also took on the|
|responsibility to work with residents in their communities and advocated with them for resources.
Many times leaders are present in the |
|community, however they are not always recognized this was certainly the case in regards to Robert
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Global Economic And Financial Crisis
Many lessons were learned from the aftermath of 2008 global economic and financial crisis. One of
them was the effect that foreign direct investments (FDI) had on the global economy, particularly on
developing countries.
By definition, an FDI is an "investment that involves some ownership and/or operating control. The
foreign residents are usually multinational corporations (MNCs)" (Cohn 412).
The market crash drastically altered the nature of FDI. After consistent growth between 2003 and
2007, investments in developed countries experienced a steep fall, suffering from about a 29 per
cent drop. In contrast, investments in developing countries skyrocketed, peaking at an about 43 per
cent increase (UNCTAD 2009).
However, more revealing than the unexpected turn of events was the way FDI significantly affected,
and was affected by the status of the global economy – showing further importance to one type of
economic entity that naturally comes with FDI, multinational corporations.
This paper will argue that the ever–constantly increasing presence and influence of MNCs prove
that they are entitled to be considered as legitimate global political actors.
Despite the considerable negative connotation that MNCs have garnered, their undeniable enormity
and influence in generating the flow of FDI, their contribution in hastening the distribution of
technology and knowledge throughout the globe, and their status as the absolute major player in
modernization and globalization through

Dunning- Theory of International Production
TOWARD AN ECLECTIC THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL PRODUCTION: SOME
EMPIRICAL TESTS JOHN H. DUNNING ' University of Reading I Abstract. This paper first sets
out the main features of the eclectic theory of international production and then seeks to evaluate its
significance of ownership– and location–specific variables in explaining the industrial pattern and
geographical distribution of the sales of U S . affiliates in fourteen manufacturing industries in seven
countries in 1970. e lr !. V t ; 3 ; H There is now a consensus of opinion that the propensity of an
enterprise to iNTRoDucTtoN engage in international production–that financed by foreign direct
investmentThe Underlying rests on three main determinants: first, the ... Show more content on
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Such ownership–specific inputs may take the form of a legally protected rightpatents, brand names,
trade marks–or of a commercial monopoly–the acquisition of a particular raw material essential to
the production of the product–or of exclusive control over particular market outlets; or they may
arise from the size or technical characteristics of firms–economies of large–scale production and
surplus entrepreneurial capacity. It should be observed that these ownership advantages are not
exclusive either to international or multinational firms. Some are applicable to all firms producing in
the same location; others are those which a branch plant of an existing enterprise may enjoy over a
de n o w enterprise of the same n a t i ~ n a l i t y But, because they operate in different location.~
specific environments, multinational firms may also derive additional ownership advantages–such
as, their ability to engage in international transfer pricing, to shift liquid assets between currency
areas to take advantage of (or protect against) exchange fluctuations, to reduce risks by diversifying
their investment portfolios [Rugman 19791, to reduce the impact of strikes or industrial unrest in
one country by operating parallel production capacity in another and by engaging international
product or process specialization [Dunning 19771. The essential feature about these second types of
inputs is that, although their origin may be linked to location–specific

Improving Public Infrastructure : A Study Of Guyana
Using PPP Model to improve public infrastructure: A study of Guyana
Foreign Direct Investment and Private Investments need adequate public infrastructure; which can
be facilitated through greater Public Private Partnership within Guyana. "If only we knew more
about the determinants of investment! But, unfortunately, our knowledge in this direction is still
very meager. One might well ask, what is wrong with the theory of investment? Or, perhaps, what is
wrong with the subject matter itself! For one thing, this variable, –– the pivot of modern
macroeconomics –– has apparently lived a somewhat nomadic life among the various chapters of
economic theory. Perhaps it has not stayed long enough in any one place. Perhaps it has been ...
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Consequently, the government of Guyana has realized the need for greater public private
investments and consequently has favored the Public–Private Partnership (PPP) model of financing
many major infrastructural projects in an attempt to close this gap of inefficient infrastructure.
Moreover, Guyana's investment climate took a downward turn in 2013 as political gridlock and
infighting hampered the country's development efforts on several fronts. Notwithstanding this, the
government continued to encourage foreign investment, but has had limited success in attracting that
investment outside of the gold mining sector. Perceptions of corruption, inefficient government and
inadequate infrastructure among others remain barriers to attracting foreign investment.
Centered on the existing literature from published works such as books, journals and articles; this
study highlights Keynesian theory on investments, as well as assess and apply the Kuznets Model by
using the Kuznets curve to analyze and explain the relationship between infrastructure development
and GDP per capita. Additionally, this study will also highlights the success factors for
implementation which includes Political Will and political consensus, PPP Unit, the right vision,
Good Governance and Continuity. It will also compiles a framework for cross analysis with the
three (3 Case studies) PPP cases in Guyana, and checks for the relevancy of each variables based on

Disaster Essay
"DISASTERS CREATES OPPURTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT"
DISASTER:
Disaster can be defined as "The occurrence of a sudden or major misfortune which disrupts the basic
fabric and normal functioning of a society, or community."
"An event or series of events which gives rise to casualties and/or damage or loss of property,
infrastructure, essential services or means of livelihood on a scale which is beyond the normal
capacity of the affected community's ability to cope with out aid."
According to UNISDR Disaster is defined as "A serious disruption of the functioning of a
community or a society causing widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses
which exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own ... Show more
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Why and how disasters vary and have different impacts in different areas and situations? The answer
lies in the degree of development of that particular area and situation. In developing countries
development only works best when there is a strong need of development and there are volunteer
leaders to work for their betterment. For example when an area is hit by a disaster and suffered great
economic and social loss then the local people residents and governmental and nongovernmental
organizations will start focusing their attention towards such area and situation and will start more
and more developmental activities for the betterment and improvement of such area. The magnitude
of the disaster cannot be helped but the after effects can be. The disaster disrupts the living and
almost everything but it also gives them a chance to reconstruct better and in ways that they always
wanted or desired. The current disaster just showed them where and what went wrong. The new
ways and plans are to be more resistant than the last one. The developmental activities include
activities such as awareness raising among the people by educating the people in order to have
knowledge for future disasters. Preparedness, prevention and mitigation measures should be and are
introduced in context of reconstruction, relocation, new investment in order to increase the coping
capacity of a country

No Logo Critique
Naomi Klein's No Logo states that corporations have been championing globalization using the
reasons that globalization allows U.S. consumers to benefit from cheaper products produced abroad,
while developing nations benefit from the economic growth stimulated by foreign investments. The
generally accepted belief is that governmental policies should be established in favor of the
corporations to facilitate the trickling down of corporate profits to the end consumers and workers
abroad. Klein, however, contends that globalization rarely benefit the workers in the developing
countries.
Corporations seek out countries with cheap labor forces to lower their production costs.
Consequently, they will engage in practices, such as banning ... Show more content on
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Therefore, it is clear that the criticisms against capitalism target not its economic viability but its
moral merits.
On the subject that globalization has caused the gap between the richer and the poor to widen, Mr.
D'Souza believes that the gap in living standards between the rich and poor has been reduced
significantly. In fact, both the rich and the poor are getting richer, only that the rich are amassing
wealth at a greater pace than the poor.
The reduction of the gap in the standard of living between the rich and the poor can be attributed to
capitalism and technological advance. Efforts in the past to solve poverty in other countries through
foreign either foreign aid or loans have failed because they were short–term fixes. Capitalism, on the
other hand, proved to be the most effective system to cure poverty in the world. Instead of simply
giving money to impoverished nations, capitalism created jobs and incentives for the poor to
exchange their labor in the market for better wages, goods and services. The impact of globalization
on the workers of the developing nations has been very positive. In fact, these workers welcome
foreign investment. The only people complaining are the Americans at home.
After graduating from a liberal university, I chose to teach abroad in a third world nation, believing
it was the best way I could contribute to humanity. A year later, after

International Investment Law : An Alternative For...
BITs
International investment law was developed as a response to the inadequacies of the customary
international law in protecting foreign property by providing responsibility to host state.
[footnoteRef:2] Most of capital exporting countries was developed states which required better
market access commitments from capital exporting countries, and also better standards of
investment protection.[footnoteRef:3] The failure to conclude multilateral investment agreement
forced developed states to find an alternative for investment protection. Consequently, bilateral
investment treaties become the most common legal tools to provide both protection and promotion
of investment.[footnoteRef:4] In addition, according to (?..) a massive breakthrough in the
development of international investment regime occurred after the end of World War II during the
Bretton Woods negotiations, the idea came from Keynes to create an international trade
organization.[footnoteRef:5] [2: Historical development of investment treaties p.71] [3: Historical
development of investment treaties p.71] [4: Historical development of investment treaties p.71] [5:
Is it time to change traditional BITs]
Bilateral investment treaty (BIT) was signed for the first time in 1959[footnoteRef:6] in the purpose
to create legal certainty in international investment law.[footnoteRef:7] In addition, it could be
claimed that the purpose of early BIT (Germany–Pakistan BITs) is to spread capital from developed
state to

Globalisation And Globalization
Globalization can be seen as a process of collaboration and integration of companies, governments,
and citizens of the world; the process is driven by international trade and investment and affects
societies across the globe, including their cultures and politics. While the concept of globalization
has spiked in conversation over the past few decades, the basis and application it is founded upon is
not exactly a new innovation as societies have bought and sold with each other for thousands of
years on various exchanges. The expansion of globalization, or what we have come to recognize as
globalization, has arisen through policies developed within countries that have left the door open to
both international and domestic trade. Increases of efficiency in technology have equally propelled
globalization as the world has gained the ability of near–immediate, constant communication.
Information technology development has assisted "economic actors," or those consumers, investors,
and multinational corporations, the tools for rapid growth, such as easy transfer of assets and better
ability to analyze the global economy (Globalization101). This project will use the understanding of
globalization in an analysis of multinational corporations and their impact on the world. Trade
theory, along with research conducted on relevant topics, are utilized when looking at the value of
multinational corporations in the world economy, the effects of outsourcing on both the country of
origin and

Community Hall: A Case Study
a)
The local council should consider the community characteristics when planning a new community
hall (Jirojwong & Liamputtong, 2009). Jirojwong and Lianputtong identify five areas of community
characteristics; social characteristics, physical characteristics, demographic characteristics,
geographic characteristics and cultural characteristics.
Having the community hall be a place that is available to all residents is important to the local
council and to the community. Having an understanding of who lives in the community is important
when planning, studying the demographic of the community can help identify the age of the
population and their overall health status. "Improving social and economic factors such as
education, child care, socioeconomic status, access to healthy food, housing, neighbourhood
conditions, and transportation have been shown to improve overall health"( Somerville & O'Brien
2015).
In addition, the location of the hall ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
b) 375
There are many methods to gather information about the community and their needs. One method of
analysing the community demographic is to look at the community profile at the Australian Bureau
of Statistics. Their community profiles map out the community offering demographical information
about the residents. Moreover, the profile contains information about the living arrangement and
education in the community (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2015)
References:
Australian Bureau of Statistics 2015, 'Community Profiles', Australian Bureau of Statistics, accessed
27.08.2015, < http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/censushome.nsf/home/communityprofiles >
Jirojwong S & Liamputtong P 2009, 'Introduction: Population Health and Health Promotion' in S
Jirojwong & P. Liamputtong (Eds.), Population Health, Communities and Health Promotion, Oxford
University Press: South Melbourne., Chapter

Arrested Development Essay
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Clarence Williams
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– EN102 Outline for argument analysis:
Arrested Development I. ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Introduction:
* ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– James Forman Jr. targets this article
towards conservatives who oppose racial profiling *
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Claim: Forman claims that racial
profiling is an ineffective way to enforce the law and should be stopped.
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– II. Summary: "Arrested Development"
by James Forman Jr. , is an article that looks at the issue of racial profiling. III. ... Show more
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Forman follows the star criteria
exceptionally well * ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– He gives
supporting facts, is credible, and is accurate with the facts that he stated
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Conclusion–In conclusion Forman
effectively makes a persuasive argument against racial profiling
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Clarence Williams
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 9–23–12
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– EN102
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Argument Analysis:
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– "Arrested Development: The
Conservative Case Against Racial Profiling" by James Forman Jr.
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– "Arrested Development" by James
Forman Jr. , is an article that looks at the issue of racial profiling. Forman addresses the views of
conservatives who believe racial profiling to be a useful tactic in enforcing

Escaping the Traps to Find Success
1. It is possible but difficult to escape all the traps.
2. Inequality Factors
3. Government
4. Developing Nations
5. Corruption
6. China´s Private Sector
1. It is possible but difficult to escape all the traps.
Poverty trap/underdevelopment trap is created when the poor don't have ability to gain sufficient
amount of credit to get out of the trap for generations. If inequality is enormous, the poor cannot get
access to loans for their children's education and for them to start a business. It's possible for them to
escape the trap if their children could achieve education somehow or if they are successful with their
businesses. Government should improve the lives of the poor by providing assistance for health,
education, shelter, and employment.
Middle income trap is due to lack of innovation capacity, advance technology and high inequality.
Countries have to invest more in R&D, encourage knowledge workers stay in the country to create
new products, and create funds for innovative entrepreneurs instead of just assembling products for
overseas companies (Schuman, 2010)
International helps are necessary to create aids for the poor and boost the attractiveness of the local
economy through government's coordination.
2. Just like poverty trap, inequality only favors high–income people and creates poor institutions for
the whole society. The poor don't have access to sufficient amount of assistance to get out of poverty
trap.
It

The Causes Of Haiti's Underdevelopment
It is an established understanding that the progression of society in terms of growth and
development have been shaped vastly in both physical and social aspects. Although the flow of
progression is continuous in developed societies, it is evident that certain countries are not
progressing as they are affected by the outcomes of poverty. These countries are more greatly
impacted when natural disasters occur as they lack in infrastructure, have weak buildings, crowded
population densities and have poor support from the government (Cite 1).
In 2010, Haiti experienced an earthquake, leaving the capital, Port au Prince and the surrounding
cities devastated. This took the lives of many individuals and shook the country physically and ...
Amartya Sen, an economist and international development theorist, found that the development of
any nation is based the ideological principles of education, health and income. Modernization theory
emphasizes that the underdevelopment of a nation is due to the solidification of tradition values, and
the concurrent disregard for the need for modern education practices. The impact of this is seen
through the thoughts by Isbister who states while the third world is out of commitment towards
areas of science and technology, countries on the northern hemisphere are showing prosperity both
economically and in quality of life (Isbister). Education is a vital catalyst to initiate growth in a
country's level of infrastructure. Educated individuals become aware of scientific and technical
knowledge that leads to a more skilled population/workforce, which developed nations relay on in
our current industrialized economy. According to David Brooks, Haiti's deprived level of
development is due to its lacking primitive infrastructure. Brooks argues that ". It's a story about
poorly constructed buildings..[and] bad infrastructure"(Brooks). It can be said the poor
infrastructure in Haiti is due to the inability to create quality buildings and other stable components
with the level of qualified personal. This could be due to the lack of education practices, emphasized
by Brooks. Brooks mentioned that "child–rearing

Marketing Strategy Of Global Star Enterprises
PART A
INTRODUCTION
Global Star Enterprises is one of the biggest companies in Australia and the firm is specializing in
designing, manufacturing and distributing of residential windows, door and shower screen. There
are seven departments within Global Star Enterprises, including operations, human resources,
manufacturing, sales, hospitality, marketing, financial and administration. There are many
organizational value of the firm such as integrity, safety and the environment, high performance,
respect for each other, the courage to lead change, and win – win relationships.
This report will express SWOT analysis of Global Star Enterprises to find threats, opportunities,
weaknesses and strengths of the company. Furthermore, this report ... Show more content on
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Strength
· Global Star Enterprises is one of the top companies in designing, manufacturing and distributing of
residential windows, door and shower screen. . In Australia, Global Star Enterprises is the leading
company in designing, manufacturing and distributing of residential windows, door and shower
screen
· Strong financial Resource: the financial resource of the firm is very important because it can affect
the future development of the firm. When the firm has many projects, it will affect the business of
the firm.
· Good image and strong brand: Global Star Enterprises has good image and strong brand in
Australia market and this is one of the strengths of the firm in many year. Based on this strengths, it
is not hard for the firm to develop in the future.
Weakness
· Technological factor is very important for any business in order to develop in the long term.
Furthermore, it is also one of the most important factors for globalization in the case of Global Star
Enterprises. However, Global Star Enterprises is not investing in technology heavily in recent years
and this is a big problem of the firm in the case of globalization.
· The firm is less stores in countries and cities in the World. In this industry, the competition is very
high because both local and foreign competitors in this market while Global Star Enterprises is quite
slow to expand its distribution and open more stores in many countries and cities in the World.

Arrested Development
This article develops and explores the relationship between television and VOD (Video on
Demand), specifically Netflix, and the shift to its in–house production and distribution of shows.
The article also discusses the different periods of television, and whether we have landed in a new
period – the era of TVIV. The show Arrested Development is analyzed, because it is a show that
transitioned from network television to a Netflix produced and distributed show. The analyzation of
the show then leads to a discussion of post–postmodernism and binge–watching. "Netflix does
signal a change within the digital television landscape." Netflix is a first mover in the online
streaming business and moves away from traditional aspects of television. The ... Show more
TVI is "the era of channel scarcity, the mass audience, and the three–network hegemony" (Pearson
[Jenner, 2]). TVII is " the era of channel/network expansion, quality television, and network
branding strategies" (Pearson [Jenner, 2]). TVIII is "the era of proliferating digital distribution
platforms, further audience fragmentation, and...a shift from second–order to first–order commodity
relations" (Pearson [Jenner, 2]). While these distinctions are made, they are not necessarily set in
stone. Hence the introduction of TVIV. Netflix "draws into question the previous notions of multi–
platform as television, due to its independence from more traditional modes..." (Jenner, 3). Michael
Curtin argues that there is an alternative means of understanding the current television trend, that of
matrix media. "The matrix era is characterized by interactive exchanges, multiple sites of
productivity and diverse modes of interpretation and use" (Curtin [Jenner, 4]). The entrance of
Netflix as both a television producing and streaming system has led to the argument for TVIV,
which "can be understood as an era of matrix media where viewing patterns, branding strategies,
industrial structures, the way different media forms interact with each other or the various ways
content is made available shift completely away from the television set" (Jenner, 4). Netflix does fit
into TVIII's guidelines in many ways, but its format is different from the existing

Background Of International Investment Protection
I. Background to International Investment Protection During industrialisation, Western European
Countries and United States, which has huge capital surplus, started investing massively in less
developed countries in the form of Foreign Direct Investment. There was obviously an imbalance of
power between the investing countries and the host countries at that time. The investing countries
expected that their investment and property be protected and in case they suffered any injury or
incurred any loss, the host country has to compensate else the former had all the power to make their
life uncomfortable. The investors could even seek help from their government to obtain the desired
remedy for damage caused to their investment. This ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The doctrine was adopted mainly by Latin American countries and was also incorporated in the
Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and navigation. However resolving international commercial
disputes via litigation by national courts entailed many complications. For instance host state may
come up with legislations or policies which may affect the business and prevent the investor from
getting any remedy for damages suffered; the country may not have strong and update laws to
protect the investments. Also the adversarial nature of the litigation may not help to maintain good
business relationship. As such arbitration which is consensual, flexible, informal, binding and
enforceable can be considered as a better form of dispute resolution. The Convention on Peaceful
Resolution of International Dispute signed in 1907 provided for conclusion of Bilateral Arbitration
Treaties however there was no direct cause of action by the foreign national which had suffered
damages. In 1965 there was a major reform by the creation of ICSID mechanism after the
conclusion of Washington Convention. As a result many states entered into Bilateral Investment
Treaties 'BITS' to promote and protect investment. As per the treaties disputes were submitted to
International arbitration which were completely delocalised and Investors could seek remedy

The Government Of El Salvador
Unidos por la Solidaridad
The government of El Salvador has also created a similar program to Mexico's Tres por Uno called
Unidos por la Solidaridad (Unity for Solidarity) (Orozco and Rouse, 2007). This program was
launched in 2001 is managed by El Fondo de Inversión Social para el Desarrollo Local de El
Salvador (FISDL), a national agency whose goal is to promote local development and reduce
poverty in El Salvador (Orozco and Rouse, 2007). Unidos por la Solidaridad collaborates alongside
Salvadoran hometown associations, NGO's, and other private organizations that help fund local
projects to develop social infrastructure in poor communities (Orozco and Rouse, 2007; Terry, 2005
). Although this is a smaller and fairly new program when compared to Mexico's Tres por Uno it has
created over 500 projects in El Salvador, involving infrastructure, recreation, and health (Orozco and
Rouse, 2007; Terry, 2005 ).. The total contribution of hometown associations (through remittances)
has been over $2.1 million and continues to grow (Programa Unidos Por La Solidaridad; Terry, 2005
). This program has too seen positive results in the community such as strengthening of the social
capital at a local level, greater human and economic development along with more successful
redirections of remittances. However, like other governmental projects it has some flaws such as
government transparency, and limited resources (Programa Unidos Por La Solidaridad. Nonetheless
the program continues to move

Pursuing Graduate Study with the Rotary Ambassadorial...
My primary goal in pursuing graduate study is to build upon the foundation that was laid during my
undergraduate studies in order to prepare for a career in policy analysis. I have decided to pursue an
advanced degree in Economics due to my past coursework, internships, and research experiences. In
particular, I want to conduct research in health economics and policy because I feel that it combines
many of my interests, such as policy impact, health care, and the global experience. If provided the
opportunity to participate in the Rotary Ambassadorial Scholarship Program, I would gain
perspective and skills that would prove invaluable when working to improve the well being of the
global community.
Ultimately, I plan to use my knowledge ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Before my time abroad, I found that it was very easy to become caught up in the trivial aspects of
life and forget to be grateful for the opportunities readily available to me. Suffering, poverty, and
oppression are common in parts of the world and while I may never fully understand what people
who face these challenges go through on a daily basis, I feel that it is important to utilize my
education and experience to help alleviate these stresses on the global community. I wholeheartedly
believe that continuing my education and working with the professionals at an institution abroad
will provide me with the knowledge and experience to obtain a meaningful position in the Health
Economics and Policy arena.
I believe that in order to better serve the global community, I need to expand my knowledge of
Economics, specifically as it pertains to global development and policy. While developing countries
are the ones that will need my expertise, it is impossible that they will truly benefit unless I am able
to receive the caliber of training that the London School of Economics or Cardiff University offer.
Having the opportunity to study under the best in my field will allow me to receive the training that
will prepare me to enter a developing country; evaluate the current conditions, make an assessment,
and propose a course of action. Universities in Spain and Chile would also be a good fit for

International Economics And The Field Of International...
I would like to mention some courses that I have taken at Knox College that not only have
encouraged me to take up the particular field of study as a major, but have also fortified me to
volunteer and intern in the field of international development. These courses are: International
Economics (Manisha Pradhananga, Professor), Business & Society (John Spittell, Professor)
Environmental & Natural Resource Economics (Steve Cohn, Professor) and Environmental Ethics
(Bill Young, Professor). These particular courses had a great impact on my decision to pursue a
major in Economics and a double minor in International Relations & Business.
In International Economics, I had written a research paper on low–income nations and their
dependence on primary commodities for exports and its vulnerability to price shocks. I had carried
out my research only keeping applied economics in perspective, therefore, I could not really
understand as to why these low–income countries, although having a wide variety of natural
resources readily available for production and consumption, still struggling to alleviate themselves
from poverty and poor health. The reality and the real–life scenario of such situations was explained
to me in the Environmental Economics class by Professor Steve Cohn. Toward the end of the term, I
was assigned to write another research paper on greenhouse gas abatement options for third world
nations. The ideal solution that came up while working on the project was developed

Foreign Assistance For Foreign Aid
Although foreign aid has been going on for hundreds of years, it still remains a controversial topic.
Many people have debated whether or not it actually either helps or harms nations. Foreign aid can
help undeveloped states by providing education and health care. However, a drawback to foreign aid
is that it can cause countries to become dependent and lead to corruption. Foreign aid is effective
when countries don 't try to use foreign aid for their own benefit and when coordination and
accountability is implemented. 7 Foreign aid is beneficial because it can provide education. Without
substantial knowledge, many countries are unable to support themselves. The organization "Global
Partnership for Education" states, "it must also be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
5 Numerous countries could benefit from improved health care from foreign aid. People in other
countries all around the world are suffering from illnesses and diseases that could be fixed with
better medical assistance from foreign aid. Stated in his article "An American Miracle," Michael
Elliott reports, "From 2004 to 2013, the U.S. committed more than $50 billion to the global fight
against AIDS, and last year accounted for some two–thirds of all international assistance to that
effort. Programs funded by American taxpayers have saved more than 7 million lives overseas."
(Elliot) This shows that America's help has already greatly impacted many people. Multiple
countries don 't have proper sanitized tools, medical facilities, and funding to treat sickness. With
help, countless illnesses could be vanquished. 3 Foreign aid is inferior because it could lead
countries to become dependent. The meager amount of resources these countries receive fails to
offer adequate help to actually save countries. Consequently, people then start to rely on the new
income and resources that foreign aid provides and would collapse without it. According to James
M. Roberts , "Traditional foreign aid, which relies on a government–to–government model, doesn't
do enough to generate significant and sustainable opportunities on the ground for people in
developing nations.

Factors Influencing Foreign Direct Environment
MD3042 CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN GLOBAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Factors Influencing Foreign Direct Investment
The world is becoming a global village and more companies are now operating at an international
level. This essay critically analyses some of the factors which influence Foreign Direct Investment
(FDI). Morrison (2006) defined FDI as the establishment of a company of a productive nature in a
foreign country involving large volume of shareholding in foreign operations. The essay will
investigate how important FDI is in the process of globalisation and in the activities of multinational
enterprises as well as examining how international trade and FDI are interlinked. There will also be
a discussion of different reasons why companies ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
FDI has broadened its meaning into the acquisition of a lasting management interest in a firm
outside the investing enterprise's home country. For the reason above, it comes in different forms
which include direct acquisition of foreign companies, construction of a factory in a foreign country
and investment in joint ventures. Britton and Worthington (2009) described FDI as an important
aspect of globalisation as well as the activities of multinational companies.
Over the recent years, FDI has responded to new information technology systems, the reduction in
global communication costs and the liberalisation of the national regulatory framework which
controls investment in enterprises, (easing of restrictions and on foreign investments and acquisition
in many nations) have simplified the management of foreign investments as compared to the past (
Spaulding and Graham, 2004). These are some of the factors which fuelled FDI's expanded role in
today's global business. According to the UNCTAD (2004) foreign direct investment flow in
developing countries has exploded through mergers and acquisition and internationalisation of
production in a range of industries. FDI in developed countries rose from $481 billion in 1998 to
$636 billion in 2004 (UNCTAD, 2004).
Advocates of FDI suggest that the exchange of investment flows benefits both the home country and
the host country, however some critics noted that

Economic Growth Of Africa, Agriculture, And Human Resources
Introduction: Economy of Africa includes trade , industry , agriculture, and human resources . Africa
is also known to be a resource rich continent .The continent had reached a turning point in its
development history and it act as a more significant role in the global economy in the twenty – first
century . It has a high and continuous economic growth in the past decades.
Growth Statistics: The average annual growth rate of real output increased from 1.8 per cent in the
period of years between 1980 –1989 to 2.6 percent in 1990 – 2000 gradually it increases to 5.3
percent in 2000 – 2010. In the period of 1980s and 1990s the Africans growth rate has turn
millennium and is higher than the average growth rate of world economy . ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Challenges to Economic Growth Africa in–spites a strong economic growth performance over the
past years .food insecurity , highly unemployment poverty and inequality , to agricultural product
dependence , lack of economic transformation ,environmental degradation , and low integration of
the continent in the global economy these are the challenges ranging from the many countries in the
continent are engage with several development .
The new partnership was adapted by the Africa 's Heads of State and the Government for Africans
development (NEPAD) at the continental level .The development process and the outcome and calls
for interventions emphasizes in certain following areas like agriculture and food security , regional
integration and infrastructure , climate change and environment , human development , economic
governance and capacity development and women empowerment .
Economic Growth Enhancement: Support and upgrade of Africa 's late financial development
requires the sustenance, widening and extending of political and monetary changes. Such changes
are important for the landmass to successfully prepare household assets and pull in what 's coming
to it of worldwide outside speculation and capital streams. Past the product blast, African nations
can support monetary development by wisely overseeing and putting their windfalls from the surge
in merchandise costs in the building of

Essay On Revitalization And Infra-Structural Labor
Rendering Vacancy Technical: Revitalization and Infra–Structural Labor in Chicago
I. Introduction
The City of Chicago is using innovative programs to turn vacant land and buildings, cast as detritus,
into a resource for spurring community–centered development in disinvested neighborhoods.
Focusing on the diverse forms of labor behind Chicago's vacancy initiatives, the proposed research
will examine how these initiatives are reworking the political–economic forces that produce
"landscapes of (dis)accumulation" (Gilmore 2002:15) and recasting historical entanglements of
waste, race and space. This study comes at a critical juncture in U.S. urbanization. Mass
foreclosures in the wake of the housing crisis exacerbated the vacancy, population ... Show more
Bridging these literatures enables two theoretical contributions. The first builds on urban political
economy's insight into capital's role in organizing urban landscapes. Scholars in this tradition
demonstrate the destruction brought on by capital's ceaseless pursuit of profit; the political and
discursive technologies that create new frontiers of accumulation in the detritus of this 'creative
destruction' (Harvey 2003); and the dispossession that ensues when devalorized spaces re–enter
capital's radar. Crucial to capital's circulation are 'purification campaigns' (Merrifield 2002) that
render devalorized spaces attractive to new investment. My research focuses on the labor of
purification. By using discard studies insights to study redevelopment politics, I conceptualize the
work of purification as 'infra–structural labor' (Gidwani 2015) that clears land of disinvestment's
residues to accommodate future accumulation. This offers a new way of theorizing the production of
urban space by revealing that pivotal in organizing post–recession landscapes are not only the
profit–seeking actions of finance and real estate capital but also the quotidian labor of
revalorization. Given the confluence of austerity with vacancy, depopulation, and plummeting
property values across the Rust Belt, attention to this labor is timely and illuminates a key site for
theoretical and policy

The Main Characteristics Of Emerging Markets
The main characteristics of 'emerging markets'
Introduction
In recent years,there has been a growing concern about the emerging markets,and it is kind of new
economic markets in developing countries which likes mature markets but does not meet a criterion
of it,and emerging markets is a relevant concept when it comes to the developed countries.While a
variety of definitions of the term of emerging markets have been suggested,this essay will use the
definition suggested by Arnold and Quelch(1998)who saw it as countries that satisfy two
standards,first is a rapid pace of economics increasing,and second is government policies supporting
economic liberalisation and the adoption of a free–market system.
This essay attempts to focus on five main characteristics of emerging markets which consists
of:first,high growth and high returns,second,increasing of investment,third,high
volatility,fourth,capital markets are less mature than developed countries,and the last characteristic
is lower than average per capita.These characteristics would be explained in details and be given
some examples to support them,and in comparison with mature fair,followed by a discussion of the
impact about the new markets to country.
The background of 'emerging markets'
First of all, before the emerging markets began to growth rapidly, it have gone through a long period
of development,from the second world war to the 80s or 90s twentieth Century, there were thirty or
forty years. Countries such as

The Prevention Of Natural Disasters
"The prevention of natural disasters and reducing their impact is a one of the twenty issues
considered the most important and urgent global issues in the 21 century. This issue increases and
causes great suffer to the level that the global procedures to reduce disasters must to be done... the
repetition of the disasters has forced it to be a responsibility of international community"
J.F. Richard (2002) High Noon: Twenty Global Issues, Twenty Years to Solve Them.
People's well–being is influenced greatly by the larger freedoms within which they live and by their
ability to respond to and recover from adverse events–natural or human–made. Resilience underpins
any approach to securing and sustaining human development
(human development report. )
This paper discusses the background and significance of the community based risk reduction
program developed by the Syrian Arab Red Crescent (SARC) society in 2006. It also describes the
first pilot project implemented by SARC in 2007.
Disasters, community vulnerability, development and risk reduction :
Between late 199s and early 2000s, natural disasters have affected 2.5 billion people and caused
more than US$ 400 billion of damage (pdf ifrc weather). While climate change is a key determinant,
other factors such as extreme poverty, environmental degradation, rural to urban migration and
over–exploitation of natural resources have greatly increasing risk, vulnerability and
underdevelopment (Oxfam). The dynamic interplay of

The Multinational Corporations ( Mncs )
Table of Contents
(Word count at the bottom of this page – should include footnotes and endnotes but not appendices)
List of Figures
List of Tables
No table of figures entries found.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION:
PURPOSE OF THIS THESIS
1. Introduction
The theories and study on the multinational corporations (MNCs) internationalisation has been
prominent in the international business (IB) studies for many decades. Though earlier studies were
dominated by firms' from the advanced economy in Europe, USA, and Japan. Therefore, is not
surprising that theories of MNCs internationalisation or foreign direct investment (FDI) would
reflect on the behaviour and perspectives of advanced economies firms. Such theories, for example,
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While the study of the internationalisation process of Sub–Saharan Africa (SSA) firms in terms of
their evolution and internationalisation have received less attention. Particularly, research on the
internationalisation of Nigerian firms are still under explored (Bolaji & Chris, 2014; Boojihawon &
Acholonu, 2013; Ibeh, 2003; Ibeh, Wilson, & Chizema, 2012) Even though, many SSA firms have
emerged as high profile multinationals increasingly engaged in foreign expansion especially across
the region. Such firms for examples include MTN, First Bank of Nigeria, Eco bank of Senegal,
Dangote, ShopRite, Equity Group holdings, GlobalCom, SABMiller of South Africa, InterSwitch
and Computer Warehouse Group to mention a few. These multinationals have emerged from
different sectors of the economy, for example taking advantage of their home country favourable
economic policies and domestic growth to internationalise (Initiative for Global Development and
Dalberg Global Development, 2011; William, 2013).
In contrast to the attention given to the study of developed economy, Asia, and Latin America firms,
SSA firms have received less attention from international

Essay on Management chapt 1
Chapter 1 Expanding abroad: Motivations, means, and mentalities True/False 1. The largest MNEs
are equivalent in their economic importance to less developed economies such as Tanzania, Estonia
or Sri Lanka. Answer: False (Sales of the largest MNEs exceed the GDPs of less developed
countries.) Difficulty: Easy Page: 4 and Table 1–1 on page 3 Topic: MNE scope and influence 2.
The process of internationalization followed by most firms is usually well–thought out in advance
and typically builds on a combination of rational analysis, planning and implementation. Answer:
False (It is more likely a combination of rational analysis, opportunism, and luck. In regards to
opportunism, several studies have found that most firms ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Companies that either do not hold equity positions or hold minor equity positions in overseas
ventures without or with very low management involvement may be viewed as "international"
companies but would not be regarded as multinational enterprises.) Difficulty: Moderate Page: 2
Topic: MNE definition 12. Three prerequisites that must be satisfied before a national firm can
transform itself into a multinational firm include: a. scale–based advantages, ownership–specific
advantages and contractual capabilities. b. location–specific advantages, ownership–specific
advantages and organizational capabilities. c. scale–based advantages, ownership–specific
advantages and organizational capabilities. d. location–specific advantages, knowledge advantages
and organizational capabilities. Answer: b (a, c, and d are incorrect because scale–based advantages,
knowledge–based advantages, and contractual capabilities are, by themselves, insufficient to justify
the internationalization of operations. With much less effort a company often can sell or license its
technology to foreign producers, franchise its brand name internationally, or sell its products abroad
through local distributors, without having to set up its own offshore operations.) Difficulty:
Moderate to hard Page: 7–8 Topic: Prerequisites for internationalization 13. Which of the

Progression vs Conservation-From the View Point of Third...
The act of balancing progression with conservation in third world countries requires a certain period
of time. This should be the vision of all developing countries and it is not difficult to be achieved if
all parties are willing to put in an effort. For sure this process is not going to be of immediate effect
in the midst of this rampant industrial development and economic progression among third world
countries in the 21st century. ("The Economy Vs. Environment Debate," n.d.) There seemingly
appears to be conflict between the act of progressing in terms of development and conservation. Our
world has been rapidly changing over the past decade. This is due to the fact that the Industrial
Revolution took place towards the end of the 18th ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Large amounts of sulphur dioxides and nitrogen oxides were released into the atmosphere via the
burning of coal. This brought about serious effects of acid rain during that time. There was an
increased in pneumonic diseases. Rivers and canals were very much polluted too as waste and
sewage was not properly treated and directly channelled into streams and rivers. The quality of
health of the people living at those times were jeopardise. In addition to that, the working conditions
were very dirty, wages of workers were very low and many children and women were forced to
work for long hours. The poor hygiene led to outbreak of many diseases. Cholera was a major
outbreak during the Industrial Revolution. Britain was hit by repeated outbreaks of Cholera and
typhoid through polluted water source. Apart from that, tuberculosis was also one of the major killer
in industrialized cities. Many forest and agricultural lands were cleared in order for industrial
progress to take over. Men has directly and indirectly neglected the conservation of the environment.
There were fewer and fewer greenery left. The western countries at that time were very much
focused on industrialization till they left out the necessity of conserving while progressing.
Progression was not in par with conservation. ("Environmental Impact of the Industrial Revolution
Urbanization 1. New districts of identical rows of houses built quickly and cheaply to house factory
and foundry workers in rapidly

Foreign Direct Investment And Developing Countries
Foreign direct investment plays a critical role in financing the development of emerging economies.
Foreign direct investment benefits countries through a transfer of resources in the form of capital,
technology, management of resources, creation of work opportunities, and a positive impact on the
country's balance sheet, typically through an increase in export volumes. These benefits are essential
for sustainable growth and development of a country, especially for developing countries. Despite
the important role that foreign direct investment plays in helping to achieve the Sustainable
Development Goals, many developing countries face challenges in accessing this source.
Many countries that do have access to foreign direct investment are only given access in specific
areas of business or of the country. Other countries, often those that needs it most, are overlooked by
investors, missing out on this source of finance entirely. In Indonesia, eighty percent of foreign
direct investment are confined to Java where the country's capital is. Geographically focused
approach of foreign direct investment prevents investors from capturing the full opportunity offered
by developing countries. Resources need to be allocated to match the shifting distribution of each
country's growth. Understanding the priorities of central and local governments as well as
determining how or where these align with business priorities is a tremendous challenge.
The President of Indonesia, Joko Widodo,

Partnership And Participation : Partnership
Partnership and Participation
In recent years, development focuses have shifted from leaving the power in the hands of
multilateral organizations to distributing the power to a range of actors. The idea that the
government has the ultimate knowledge and power an out–dated (CCIC, 1). Partnerships and
participation refer to the stakeholders in decision–making for projects and development and how
they interact. These strategies ensure that every one has a voice in decision–making and the project
is being implemented in a fair way. These strategies include all of the international development
agents; NGOs, CSOs, governmental institutions, working in partnerships for international
development. The term 'partnership' is often used to describe the relationship between the
government, civil society, and NGOs in development. It has also been applied to North–South
relationships in development. The International Institute for Sustainable Development sees
partnership as having "the aim to create an infrastructure 'dream team' by combining the best
capabilities of the public (legislation, regulations, social concern) and private (innovation,
efficiency, finances) sectors to find a solution to infrastructure–related public needs" (IISD, 2). In
other words, by combining private and public sectors, we are expanding the range of input and
capabilities in development. Each stakeholder attempts to resolve the same issues, they simply have
different means and approaches to

Analysis Of Fahrenheit 9/11
Even though Arrested Development similarly mocked the Bush administration and the war soon
after the invasion in March 2003, the show received a much different reception than that of
Fahrenheit 9/11. Simply put, there was no violent backlash against the main producer of the show,
Ron Howard, the main writer, Mitchell Hurwitz, and any member of the Arrested Development
team. Instead, the only major concrete protest to the show came from the conservative Parents
Television Council, when the group listed "Sad Sack" as the "Worst Primetime TV Show of the
Week" for the second week of December. In fact, the sitcom had the opposite problem of a backlash;
it had lackluster ratings. Despite low ratings in the first season, critics loved the show. It ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This diffusion enhances the absurdity of the show, while also intensifying the satirical ridicule
directed toward the Bush administration. According Erin Fay and Willie Young in their essay on
Arrested Development titled "The Comedy of Contradiction," "comedy emerges from the depiction
of the contradictions within the social order, undermining our sense of necessity and value."
Although a bit too nihilistic, in my opinion, I agree with their point on comedy pointing out the
absurdities of life, which seems to be the ultimate objective of the series, and shows why resolutions
are not necessary. The show is not trying to promote a specific political ideology, but rather, as
Asawin Seubsaeng puts it in his commentary in Mother Jones, is "motivated by gleeful scorn aimed
carefully at power, scandal, and rank

Globalization Essay
The implications of globalization are greatly felt in every part of the world. One of its effects is
encouraging the movement of financial capital, trade, and direct and foreign investments. This refers
to the economic exchange of goods and services internationally and international financial flows.
(Carr and Chen, 2001). Through the perspective of an optimistic globalist, trade has brought an
increase in the volume of trade, whereas, pessimistic globalist suggests that globalization on the
world economy has made the world less diverse and homogenous. ( Textbook). Under these two
major themes, there are four major concepts that will guide in understanding how globalization and
economics relates; stretched social relations, intensification ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
With the increase of trades, more goods and services crossing national borders and spreading its
influence abroad. For instance, Macdonald is a huge franchise that many investors have invest in
developed and developing countries. It is an American brand that is now a household name in
Europe, North–East Asia, South–East Asia, and of which shows how far globalization has spread.
FDIs can also help to create more jobs for by investing in more companies and further increase more
investments flowing in. As FDIs is one of the key instrumental in affecting the economy,
globalization can help to further facilitate the movement of it which supports the argument of the
optimistic globalist.
Secondly, the other positive effect of globalization on the world economy is how it may equalize
wealth distribution. After the 2000s financial crisis, there was a slow and weak economic growth.
Those in the higher income was able to suffer losses while those who were in the middle to lower
income were struggling which suggest the widening in income gap. However, the idea of
globalization in the eyes of the optimistic is that the increased volume of trade, the access to
advancement in technology across the world and stretched communication internationally can help
to improve the situation. As the world gets more interconnected, the intensification of goods and
services moving across nations increases. This would suggest that there is an increase in trade which
will

A Controversial View Of Development Discourse
The discussion topic is referring to a controversial view of development discourse. Development
means what 'we' can do for 'them', here 'we' denotes the first world countries or the west and 'them'
refers to the developing countries. This essay will discuss the issue based on three different
perspectives of three well–known references– The End of Poverty: How we can make it happen in
our lifetime by Sachs (Sachs, 2005); The Bottom Billion by Collier (Collier, 2007) and Easterly's
The White Man's Burden (Easterly, 2007). Each of these three writers has different notion regarding
the view that development of poor countries depends upon the western countries support.
Sachs supports the discussion topic that development of Third World countries is only possible if the
developed countries provide financial support to them. "Africa needs around $30 billion per year in
aid in order to escape from poverty" (Sachs, 2005: 309). He believes that a society needs external
help to be in track when it falls into deep crisis (Sachs, 2005: 130). According to Jeffrey Sachs,
foreign aid is the only solution for the poor countries to eradicate extreme poverty and to break
down the 'poverty trap' cycle (Sachs, 2005: 245). Sachs is very optimist about that, more aid,
forgiveness of debts, better trade terms policy and more access to technology from West can help to
eradicate extreme poverty of rest by 2025. The aid should be spent on infrastructure development,
disease control and market reforms

Role of Community Radio in Community Development
ROLE OF COMMUNITY RADIO IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
Aim:
To analyze how effectively the community radio can be used for the community development.
Objectives:
To identify how far the community radio has played its role in creating awareness about the local
issues such as social, environment and economic.
To analyze the reach of community radio among public.
To identify what genre of program is attracted by the public in community radio.
To analyze how far the community radio has created a change among the community people.
To identify the techniques can be used to make people involve more in the community radio for
their community development.
Need for the Study:
The Community Development Programme, which had its august ... Show more content on
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But to be useful, knowledge and information must be effectively communicated to people.
More than 850 million people in developing countries are excluded from a wide range of
information and knowledge, with the rural poor in particular remaining isolated from both
traditional media and new information and communication technologies which would improve their
livelihoods.
The report of "Ninth United Nations Communication for Development Roundtable" says
Communication for Development lies at the heart of the challenge to actively involve poor people in
decision making procedures which affect their lives and to enable them to manage communication
processes and media. When successful, Communication for Development is a powerful tool to
mitigate poverty and hunger and to promote democratic processes and social change in many
countries, especially in the agriculture and rural development sectors.
Media and Community Radio
Michael Meadows (2009) in the article Electronic dreaming tracks: Indigenous community
broadcasting in Australia published in Development in Practice explains the power of media
The power and influence of mainstream media continues to transform the wider public sphere,
compelling Indigenous people to seek access to their

The Positive Impacts Of Community Development In South Africa
Community development around the world is being practised by various entities, addressing various
socio–economic issues that are unique to different communities worldwide. According to
Bhattacharyya (2004), community development initiatives are dominant in democratic countries.
There are various initiatives that have led to significant shifts in the wellbeing of communities using
different development tools to develop communities around the world. South African, which is a
democratic country has one of the highest income gabs in the world. The country's income
difference is evident in many townships/rural areas around the country's underdeveloped
communities. The positive impact of community development may be seen in the fields of public
health, micro–macro development, food and violence (Bhattacharyya, 2004).
Community development is multi–faceted. Bhattacharyya (2004) argues that community
development is not a distinct field and that not everything that is being done by developers to
improve communities should not be regarded as community development. Bhattacharyya (2004)
states that it should only be regarded as community development if the improvement pursues
solidarity and agency which can be achieved through adhering to the principles of self–help, felt
needs and participation.
In previous community development research, Bhattacharyya (2004) finds that locality has been
used as a proxy for community development. He argues that it is becoming analytically irrelevant

Arrested Development Essay
21) Arrested development is a term used to describe a person who has not fully developed
emotionally and has become "stuck" at a certain emotional level. The term has had different
meanings over time and in the field of medicine, it was used to describe someone who had stopped
developing physically. In the UK, the 1983 mental health act suggested that arrested development
was a type of mental disorder where someone who was mentally impaired at a severe level had less
intelligence than someone who wasn't. Many researchers have not agreed with the theory that
mental development can be "arrested" or stopped and have considered the idea that mental status can
grow in other ways. Consequentially in psychological terms, when referring to a ... Show more
Stagnation involves a minimal amount of interest in work or self– improvement, a lack of concern
for young people and putting your own security and comfort over personal sacrifice and challenge.
There are many events that can be part of the midlife change, such as children leaving home and
starting their own life, changes at work that can affect their career, family members or friends
becoming ill or passing away and a body that is slowly getting older and not behaving in the same
way it used to when that person was younger. These are all normal events that happen as a part of
life, but during midlife these changes are far more prominent. Fear of loss and change can often
cause people to try and manage this decline and slow down the impact of these natural events, but
then that person can become mired in stagnation and fear. They keep thinking about the past as a
coping mechanism for not moving forward and looking towards the future. If a person has a fear of
change and they are not able to let go of things and move forward, it can make them want to remain
in this fixed state, even if they are suffering. This fear of change can trap people into a nostalgia that
keeps them thinking about past times that they believe were better or constantly talking about what
they had before. If a person suffers a loss such as a bereavement, a relationship or friendship ending,
a

The's Influence On Their Home State
4. How Diasporas Engage their Home State
Diasporas can influence their home states in three primary manners. First, diaspora use remittances
to a) help and to influence family, religious and ethnic members and interest groups and b) to a
lesser and more recent degree, influence the state in particular ways. Second, diaspora engage in
home state political party mobilization in order to influence home state politics and economics.
Third, a diaspora uses its host state political and economic apparatuses to influence their home state.
I. Remittances
Remittances remain the most widely studied and most enticing to sending states' governments of
ways a diaspora engages its host state. Estimates of total remittances to the African continent ...
In 2009, the World Bank declared its 5x5 Initiative which aimed to reduce the cost of financial
transfer from 10% of the total value of the transfer in 2009 to 5% in 2014. While the global average
cost has decreased to 7.9% by the 3rd quarter of 2014, many prices of money–transfer to sub–
Saharan Africa remain above 10% at 11.28%. Today, Money Transfer Operations remain
substantially cheaper than commercial banks (about 5% cheaper). The international community has
particularly focused on ensuring transparency in pricing with laws such as the United States' Dodd–
Frank law which mandates that an individual knows the full cost of transferring money overseas at
the moment that she/he sends the order. The hope of reducing costs and increasing transparency is to
allow remittances to create income–generating activities.
To accomplish this goal within sub–Saharan Africa, where 70% of all money transfers are controlled
by a single company, greater competition is needed to drive prices down.
Although there has been a significant effort in this area, sending states must be convinced that their
tax system should be designed to reward remittance investment into business development and
infrastructure so as to build a strong tax base rather than to seek quick profits from hefty taxes on
the incoming remittances.
B. Improving Efficiency of Remittances

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Foreign Direct Investment
In all countries that are concerned to trade relations, they follow a trade policy which defines
standards, goals, rules and regulations between two or more countries. These policies are particular
to each country and are formulated by its public officials. A country's trade policy includes taxes
imposed on import and export, examination regulations, and tariffs. "Their aim is to boost the
nation's international trade" (Azzam, H., T. 2002). One of these several trade policies is the foreign
direct investment that encounters an investment in an industry by a shareholder from another
country, for which the foreign investor has control over the company purchase.
"Let's talk about Investment from one country into another normally by companies rather than
governments that involve establishing operations or acquiring tangible assets, including stakes in
other businesses. Foreign direct investment is well–known from group of foreign investment by the
factor of control. FDI is a transfer of ownership; it usually involves the transfer of factors matching
to capital, including management, technology and organizational skills. (D. A. MacDougall G.
1960.). Businesses that make foreign direct investments are often called multinational corporations
may make a direct investment by creating a new foreign enterprise, or by the acquisition of a foreign
firm. In the framework of foreign direct investment, advantages and disadvantages are one way or
another kind of perspective. A Foreign

The Roots of Poverty and Globalization
The Question: Globalization and poverty
Once the Era of apartheid had come to an end in 1994 the internationally development community
entered South Africa promoting the microcredit model with high hopes to empower the poorest
black communities to break loose from the poverty spiral, however the Microcredit model was seen
to be having the complete opposite effect, ultimately causing incredible damage to the area. The
microcredit model was supposed to be the means of bringing sustainable development to the
extreme poor areas. The model has been named the "anti–development" intervention (1), because in
practice it has only shown that it supports consumption spending. The poor are worse off than ever
before; to keep up with the obligations of repaying their microloans, they are forced to sell the few
assets they own or borrow money from friends or relatives or even worse take up new microloans in
order to pay for the old ones. This is not the only downfall of this type of so called sustainable
development; another problem that emerges from this is that the actual businesses emerging form
microloans are anything but businesses elevating poverty. The type of business that has been arising
from the microloans have only created hyper–competition amongst all the new businesses as well as
the old ones, leaving about 40% of the South African population repaying debt. The poorest and
most vulnerable are left behind to take care of themselves drowning in debt, while the private banks

The Three Types Of Underdevelopment Theory
The third theory is underdevelopment theory. This theory have explain three types of country which
is core, semi–periphery and periphery country. Immanuel Wallerstein also classificies the positions
of country, which is based on the developed and developing countries according to their economics
in the global level. This theory is about the "capitalist world economy" that means the people or the
rich country who have the control of economy in certain places or a country (Sorinel, 2010). This
level can be divided into core (rich country), semi–periphery (developing country) and periphery
(poor country) (Sorinel, 2010). This theory show that how the capitalist or rich country manage the
economy of the semi–periphery and the periphery country. This types have their own function in this
theory. For the core country, the people transform raw materials into consumers goods with the use
of modern technology and large amount of capital. Core country can be called as "production or
economic center" (Wallerstein, 1974). In semi–periphery country or developing country, this country
is like buffer zone between the core and pheriphery country. This country being exploited by the
core while the country also exploit the periphery country (Sorinel, 2010). For periphery country, the
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All of this has helped the people and it improves all the people who lived there. It also show that the
World System theory have the weakness of information. Maybe the exploitation happen but this can
give benefit to the others country (Worsley, n.a). Its not only give the profit to the core country only
but also to the semi–periphery country and periphery country. This exploitation that happen in others
country also make others country to develop and increase their revenue as well as economy system
(Matunhu,

Bshs 485 Week 2 Capstone Worksheet Essay

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Bshs 485 Week 2 Capstone Worksheet Essay