Factors That Empower And Constrain Mncs Essay

Factors That Empower And Constrain Mncs Essay
The mounting standing of multinational corporations (MNCs) in today's global economy has held
some interest from international organizations, national government agencies and local citizens
(Yang & Huang 2011: 3). MNCs have risen to prominence through mergers, procurement and
setting up new enterprises, and they have operated businesses throughout the world (Yang & Huang
2011: 3). They mobilize resources, develop vertical and horizontal production networks and
penetrate all kinds of markets across borders (Yang & Huang 2011: 3). These acts have changed the
operations of a national economy as well as the relationships among them (Yang & Huang 2011: 3).
In this essay, I will seek to evaluate the factors that empower and constrain MNCs, and thus forge
and communicate the understanding of whether their structural power has been on the incline or on
the decline.
To begin with, the research took the direction of understanding of what a multinational corporation
is defined as and its scope and advantage. Peter Dicken's (2008) chapter on Transnational
Corporations: The Primary 'Movers and Shapers' of the Global Economy was insightful in
understanding that "a transnational corporation is a firm that has the power to coordinate and control
operations in more than one country, even if it does not own them" (Dicken 2008: 106). In Dicken's
view, the transnational corporation has grown into the perception of being the main shaper of the
present–day global economy and a chief danger to the
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Disadvantages Of Mncs
Impacts of MNCs on Host Countries Name Institution Table of Contents Introduction 2
Multinational organizations 2 To build piece of the overall industry 2 To secure less expensive
premises and work 2 To evade expense or exchange hindrances 3 Government gives 3 Advantages
of MNC's for the host country 3 Improving the balance of payments 3 Providing job 3 Source of tax
income 4 Technology exchange 4 Increasing choices 4 National notoriety 4 Multinational
Corporations Impact on the Developing World 4 Competitive and Anti–Competitive Effects 6
Conclusion: 7 References 9 Introduction While faultfinders of globalization view the remote
ventures of multinational enterprises as harming fares, employments, and wages at home and
abroad, a thorough survey of research into the impacts of "outside direct speculation" credits
multinationals with being much more useful ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Advantages of MNC's for the host country Multinational companies can give have nations numerous
advantages. Nonetheless, these foundations may likewise carry with them loose codes of moral lead
that serve to misuse the poverty of creating countries, instead of to give the basic bolster important
to countrywide financial and social advancement. The conceivable advantages of multinational
putting resources into a nation may include: Improving the balance of payments – internal venture
will as a rule help a nation's adjust of installments circumstance. The speculation itself will be an
immediate stream of capital into the nation and the venture is additionally liable to bring about
import substitution and fare advancement. Send out advancement comes because of the
multinational utilizing their generation office as a premise for trading, while import substitution
implies that items beforehand transported in may now be purchased locally (Teece, D.J.

Foreign Direct Investment By Multinational Corporations
Developing countries lag behind the rest of the world in many aspects of life including economy,
education, and welfare. Achieving progress in any of these three areas is important in getting these
countries on par or at least closer to the standard of living present in developed nations. Numerous
of hypotheses have been posed to tackle and address these issues. This paper examines the aspect of
improving the economy and whether or not foreign direct investment by multinational corporations
would benefit developing countries. Some may argue, including the renowned artist Frida Kahlo that
foreign direct investments may actually lead to a decline in culture and exploitation. However, this
paper argues that the economy in developing countries could be significantly improved by properly
introducing foreign direct investment by multinational corporations. Foreign direct investment (FDI)
made by multinational corporations would spur the economy in developing countries which in turn
would lay the groundwork for improvements in other important aspects including education and
welfare without a decline in culture and exploitation of citizens.
Developing countries are stuck in a cycle of poverty that can't be broken from within the domestic
economy due to an insufficient supply of investment available in these countries to raise the
productivity and income levels of workers. The only way to break the cycle of poverty is through
investment from multinational corporations. FDI is an

Multinational Corporations
Multinational Corporation – business enterprise with manufacturing, sales, or service subsidiaries in
one or more foreign countries, also known as a transnational or international corporation. These
corporations originated early in the 20th century and proliferated after World War II.
Typically, a multinational corporation develops new products in its native country and manufactures
them abroad, often in Third World nations, thus gaining trade advantages and economies of labor
and materials. Almost all the largest multinational firms are American, Japanese, or West European.
Such corporations have had worldwide influence–over other business entities and even over
governments, many of which have imposed controls on them. During the last ... Show more content
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Abstractly, Global corporations have a key role to play in issues ranging from human rights to
environmental policies. Specifically, corporations can be most effective in helping the poor by
investing in local and global communities on a long–term basis rather than by acting as charities or
aid agencies. However, to do so, corporations must restore the public 's trust. They must demonstrate
that their presence, particularly in poorer countries and the emerging market economies, is a source
of human progress. They must demonstrate that globalisation is not a zero–sum game in which the
rich get richer and the poor get poorer. In this regard, those who argue against globalisation are
denying 1.5 billion people, who live in absolute poverty, the means of escape. To do nothing is
morally unacceptable. The world is watching the corporate sector. This is a moment of great
challenge, but also of great opportunity because if corporations can demonstrate that they are agents
of progress, they can remove the doubts and renew the trust that is essential for both prosperity and
security.
Multinational corporate structure
Multinational corporations can be divided into three broad groups according to the configuration of
their production facilities:
Horizontally integrated multinational corporations manage production establishments located in
different countries to produce the same or similar products. (example: McDonald 's) Vertically
integrated multinational

Disadvantages Of Culgural Shock
Recently,globalisation,with its numerous impacts on world productio,consumption,
trade,employmet,communication and technology, has chanbed the world environment for
business,resulting in enhaced competition,emerging opportunities as well as threats and
risks.Managing business organisations effectively has been more important,complicated and
challenging. Business nowadays has go adapt multivariate technologies or strategies in–order to
compete and survive successfully. Therefofe it is important for managers to examine critically the
opportunities and risks,poised to businesses in order tohelp them in appropriate decision making
process Most studies and literatures suggest that the overall benefigs as aresult of
globalisation,outweighs its cost. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
THE DIFFERENCE INMANAGERIAL STYLE IN JAPAN AND UNITED STATES. United states
and Japan are two main giant economic powers inthe pacific region. Each country has developed
their own management leadership practice,that is suitable for theircultures. Gupta, Hanges and
Dorfman (2002) found that united states is clustered in in the same group as Australia, New zealand
and england in the anglo culture, while Japan in the same group as Korea,China and Taiwan in the
confucian Asia. The argument is that the nations in the same cluster, have more closely related
culture than the other clusters. Despite the cultural differences, there is one sibnificant aspect, where
united states and Japan are similar,both xountries embrace the capitalism idealogy. However Ralson
Holt,Terpstra and Chang (2008), suggest that the Japanese interpretation of capitalist idea is not
identical to their U.S counterpart.That is one resoan why Japan can still preserve their culture,
regardless the westernasation enforced by

Case Study Of Freeport Indonesia
Name : Ayumi Zahwa Student ID : 016201400028 Subject : MNCs and State's Diplomacy Lecturer :
Haris Rahmat Pratama, MA
Multinational Corporation's Influence on Government Policy; Case Study of
PT. Freeport Indonesia
In the last few decades of the 20th century, the rapid transformation of the industrial world took a
new form. The economy is one of the areas experiencing striking changes in these times. What is
certain is the emergence of multinational companies, to some extent, open up opportunities for
economic globalization. The economic growth in the 19th century in many developed countries are
originated from international capital movements that growing rapidly at the time. Mobility of factors
of production that occurred between the states reached its breaking point with the presence of
multinational companies. Perhaps, the most important developments in international economic
relations during the last three decades is the amazing surge of strength and influence of large
multinational corporations. They are the main distributor of various factors of production, capital,
labor and production technology, all in a massive scale, from one country to another.
In the mid–1960s the Third World was inviting foreign capital in the form of Multinational
Corporations in order to help boost economic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Freeport Indonesia did not always find comfort since its first steps in Papua, many controversial
issues raised along the years of its operation. Conflicts around Freeport have been started since the
company was established. For example, when the initial preparation of the Freeport project around
1960–1973 there had been conflicts with local indigenous people related to the matter of identity
recognition and philosophy of life related with nature which they consider sacred, in this case the
snowcapped mountains (Nemangkawi or white arrow) which has been dredged, is the dwelling
place of the spirits of their ancestors when they died. And that was just the

Multinational Corporations And Its Impact On Workers Essay
Multinational Corporations Affect Workers In the text, International Political Economy, Thomas
Oatley and Debates: In Praise of Cheap Labor: Bad Jobs at Bad Wages Are Better than No Jobs at
All explain to their readers the different aspects of the political economy. This paper will begin by
looking at multinational corporations. Next, the paper will analyze the strengthens and weakness on
multinational corporations and its affect on workers. Lastly, the paper will give a personal
evaluation on whether the author (s) are convincing or if they are missing certain information.
Multinational corporations occupy a prominent role in the global economy. In the beginning, they
emerged as significant and enduring components in the international economy in the nineteenth
century. Great Britain was considered one of the largest capital–exporting country during that
century. By the year 2008, the number of these corporations was eleven times the number in
operation in the early 1980s. Ultimately, the number of MNCs continue to grow within the world's
economy. The decision that these firms make are based on global strategies for corporate success.
They are not focused on the conditions within any of these countries in which these firms conduct
their business in. Multinational corporations work simultaneously in national political systems and
global market. Multinational corporations can place multiple production facilities in multiple
countries under the control of a single corporate

Corporate Power And Its Effect On Social, Political, And...
Since the late 1970s corporate power has grown to unprecedented heights. What does increasing
corporate power have on social, political, and/or environmental factors?
Who has the most power? Governments, consumers or corporations? Perhaps the question that
should be asked is who should have the most power. The obvious answer would be consumers and
the government. Although in a perfect world this may be the case but in reality this is far from the
truth. It is nor do the governments or the consumers who has the most power but rather the
corporations. Over the past four decades, a shift in power has been taking place, out from the hand
citizens and the nations and into the hands of the Multi–National corporations (MNCs). This essay
will focus on the unparalleled growth of corporate power and the effects of corporate power on
Africa in terms of social, political and environmental factors.
The rise in corporate power cannot be seen more vividly than in Africa. Over the past four decades,
corporate social responsibilities of multinational corporations operating in Africa has been one of
the most prominent issues in the world. The rise in potency of multinationals owes its existence to
the natural riches of Sub–Saharan African nations. These African nations are characterised by high
inflation rates, poverty and diseases such as malaria and HIV/AIDS. Multinational corporations has
seen an opportunity to exploit these resources in the aim of increasing their profits, thus have

Human Resource Management in Multinationals Essay
Table of content ABSTRACT 3 INTRODUCTION 3 OBJECTIVE 3 LITERATURE REVIEW 4 1.
CONCEPTUAL INTRODUCTION 4 2. CHALLENGES IN MULTINATIONALS 5 2.1 Career
blockage 6 2.2 Culture shock 6 2.3 Lack of cross cultural training 6 2.4 Family problems 6 3.
MANAGING MULTICULTURAL TEAM 7 4. NEW ALTERNATIVE IN THE EXPATRIATE
ASSIGNMENTS 8 5. RETAINING SUBSIDIARY STAFF'S RETENTION 9 METHODOLOGY 10
1. RESEARCH METHODS 10 2. RESEARCH PROCEDURE 11 3. DATA COLLECTION AND
ANALYZING 12 4. RESEARCH SCHEDULE 12 5. INTERVIEW 12 5.1 Interview plan 12 5.2
Level of Language 13 5.3 Interview questions 13 5.4 Analyses about the interview questions 13
FINDING AND RESULTS 16 CONCLUSION 17 SOLUTIONS TO THE IHRM ISSUES 19
REFERENCES 21 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1. Conceptual Introduction Staffing management deals with a comprehensive term for all operative
functions namely recruiting, placing, appraisal, rewarding, assessing, developing performed in HR
management. According to International HRM model created by Patrick V. Morgan and Peter J.
Bottrall, three dimensions are involved :  Human resource functions  Procurement  Allocation
 Utilization  National or country functions  The host country where a subsidiary may be
located  The home country where an international company is headquartered  And "others"
countries that may be the source of labor or finance  Employees functions  Local/ host–country
nationals (HCNS）  Expatriates/parent–country nationals (PCNS)  Third–country nationals
(TCNS) Face to those options and wide resource, the managers in global enterprises have particular
concern about the employees' ability to disseminate knowledge and innovation throughout their
global operations . The use of expatriates has seemed to be a logical choice for staffing, while the
use of parent–country nations seems to be most appropriate in some specific situation . Some other
global enterprises also prefer integrate the expatriates and local human resource. Nevertheless, each
procedure has both advantage and disadvantage. With regard to executive nationality staffing
policies, "There are major four categories on the HRM within Multinational corporations : the
ethnocentric approach, the

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Host Countries
Multinational corporations: Multinational corporations are companies that have branches and
operations in two or more countries. These companies are the main results of globalization, since
they operate all over the world as if it was one country. Multinational corporations have a home
country which contain their headquarters and offices for management and have host countries in
which their operations take place. The home countries of multinational corporations are usually
developed countries that have great capitals and the host countries are developing countries due to
the low costs of labor, raw materials, and taxes paid to the governments.
Advantages on host countries: Multinational corporations have many advantages on the host
countries ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
And the emphasis nowadays is on the ethics of the companies that is the best remaining sign of
humanity in the business and this does not give the companies the right to violate the international
laws like the declaration of human rights and other international conventions. The most appropriate
strategy is the balance between the laws and ethics in a fair way that the companies ensure their
rights and the rights of their employees and surrounding

Multinational Corporations and the Destruction of the Family
The pursuit of the bottom line is the goal of many businesses of a variety of sizes. The ability to buy
cheaply, sell dearly and minimize costs across the board gives businesses an edge that allows them
to create vast amounts of wealth for those with a stake in the business or corporation, but at what
cost? Multinational corporations create great deals wealth but they propagate social and cultural
inequality, poverty and environmental damage at rates to rival their gains. Multinational
Corporations wield incredible amounts of political and economic clout, clout that allows them to
manipulate a region without fear of recourse on the part of the localities in which they reside. The
gains of corporations with respect to political and economic ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
As well, cutthroat organizations have a natural edge over those that operate conscientiously, as the
ruthlessness costs less and allows for larger gains in profits. Larger profits enable the ruthless
corporations to increase the size and quantity of their ruthless pursuits until they have far surpassed
the levels of more scrupulous companies.
Corporations who operate sweatshops can produce goods while paying their workforces very poorly
in relation to the profits they achieve. They can absolve themselves of responsibility to their
workforces by claiming that "The region benefits by our factories' presence, we provide jobs to
those who need them". The arrival of a factory can stabilize a region and offer jobs, but the
disappearance of that factory when a multinational corporation finds a cheaper pool of labor(this
happens often) creates a much worse situation for the region, now plagued with a larger(due to the
influx of people looking for work) unemployed population.
Indeed even the governments in charge of regions plagued by sweatshops can do little to stop their
proliferation. Corporations wield enormous clout with the amount of capital they generate, and they
wield this clout without

The Impact of Offshoring on the U.S. Economy
Off–shoring is the establishment of business operations outside national boundaries. The process of
moving business outside these boundaries is to garner an advantage either through tax breaks, lower
wages, lower transportation cost and/or relaxed regulations ("Offshore definition," 2014). Many
firms either branch out as a horizontal multinational or vertical multinational. Horizontal
multinational's produce the same good or services as abroad. This foreign direct investment (FDI) is
done to strategically place production closer to the target market. Doing this provides advantages
surrounding transportation cost while enhancing learning associated with local needs. A vertical
multinational is one that fragments a portion of its ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Multinational Corporations". The analysis will evaluate factors motivating firms to move off–shore
and the associated impact on the U.S. work force. The three measures that will be discussed are 1)
value added (i.e. the measure of capital and labor gain at a given production stage), 2) capital
expenditures (i.e. land, buildings and equipment), and 3) employment (i.e. number of jobs
lost/created). The paper will conclude with a discussion of outcomes between 1977 – 2003 using
data supplied by the Bureau of Economic Analysis.
Assessment
Economic integration aims to reduce cost and increase value for both producers and consumers. This
is accomplished by increased international trade for goods and services. Economic integration has
expanded markets by which firms can "play". Firms are more self–serving, their motive is to reduce
cost and increase profits. To do this firms have begun to off–shore their operations. Off–shoring
allows a firm to lower cost and establish a presence closer to target markets. This process has
become easier with technology advances. For example, information can be shared and transactions
made with the click of a button. International borders are easy transcended with expansive
transportation networks. This facilitates product movement and placement of resources, supporting
just in time (JIT) manufacturing. Critics of this believe overall economic well–being is affected
when companies off–shore, since jobs and

Essay On Ethical Use Of Child Labor
Is it ethical for Multinational Corporations to set up establishments or production factories in foreign
countries to take advantage of the use of child labor? Currently child labor is one of the most
controversial human rights issues that needs to be addressed. This issued can be addressed beginning
with the root issue of Multinational corporations (MNCs). This is a serious issue that should be
recognized nationally because of serious ethical concerns. Its estimated that about 168 million
children work in the labor force. Not only do they work extended hours, but an estimated 85 million
of these children work in hazardous conditions in agriculture, domestic labor, mining, Tabaco farms,
and other sectors. (Hrw.org). Evidently this is a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1). Further in this paper, discussion about legal violations by scholars and myself will be reviewed.
But it is an issue considering 59 million children are considered to be doing hazardous work.
What are specific Multinational corporations in the world that use child labor? An example is "the
multinational chocolate makers are heavily dependent on West Africa as mentioned. More than 70%
of the world's cocoa is grown in the region". (Fortune.com) An example In the Asian region includes
the world's most popular food and companies, "everyday companies including AFAMSA, ADM,
Colgate–Palmolive, Elevance, Kellogg's, Nestlé, Procter & Gamble, Reckitt Benckiser and Unilever.
All use products containing palm oil tainted by shocking human rights abuses in Indonesia, with
children as young as eight working." (amnesty.org). These are just several examples of many MNC's
using child labor. Child labor does exists throughout the world predominately in the African and
Asian regions.
Another concept is MNCs create more child labor based off expansion. Expansion is the driving
force of profit. Profit tends to be the end outcome for any corporation otherwise, expansion and FDI
would never exist. As mentioned before, more expansion means more

Multinational Corporations And Its Effect On The Chinese...
Introduction:
China, indeed, was successful in pursuing foreigners to invest in their country; thus the rise of joint–
owned ventures and multinational corporations or MNCs. Soon enough, China's business industry
was dominated mostly by multinational corporations. Through the establishment of MNCs, a lot of
employment were created. Alongside MNCs however, are pressing controversial issues involving
violation of human rights, labor code, and country policies as well as its involvement in
environmental degradation.
Multinational corporations impact the environment of China by exploiting its legal loopholes in
their regulations. Chinese enforcement of their laws is weak. Although some corporations have
made commitments to high standards and better practices, almost every multinational corporations
still environmental practices because environmental lawsuits are not only cheap but also difficult, if
not impossible, to file in China. As a result, the Chinese government have no choice but to allow
MNCs to manage and regulate themselves in the processing and removal of their waste.
This paper argues that multinational corporations in China despite their huge contributions in
improving the Chinese economy and boosting its standing in the global market, have given less
consideration to environmental policies. It also argues that China's immense desire for economic
growth made the country disregardful in enforcing its policies in the environmental scale. Lastly, the
paper argues that

Our Culture is Defined by those Around Us
Culture is defined to the group of people which learned behavior that has already gave the
instruction from previous generation through next generation by imitation and language (Adler 1983
citing Barnouw 1963). Also Schein (1990) describes that culture is a lesson that a group has been
studied and solved the problem for internal integration and learnt to survive from external
environment for over period of time. For example, behavior, cognition and emotion processes and in
the deepest level which is included perception, language and thought processes such as attitudes and
feelings. For most of organizations nowadays have to face with an increasing of a diversity of
employees which are multicultural employees especially for multinational corporation (MNC)
(Fitzsimmons 2013). To deal with different cultures and nationalities, the companies and managers
have to learn and understand their employees such as common language, knowledge sharing and
performance (Lauring & Selmer 2011) then see how multicultural individuals can help and
contribute the organizations (Fitzsimmons, Miska & Stahl 2011) and set the policies or principles
for employees could be followed (Demo et al. 2012).
Firstly, Lauring and Selmer (2011) state that there has an argument about the better ways to increase
the performance in the organizations which some researches show that when decision making is
improved and have better coordinate, it leads to increase the performance besides other researches
argue that

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Globalization
Introduction
Globalisation is a new trend in the development of the world economy. This means the world
economy is being integrated, like the economic policies and systems in various countries are
gradually becoming the same. With the development of the globalisation that brings many changes
in the world economy, also changed our lifestyle. Meanwhile, the globalisation has also brought the
weaknesses and benefit according to the globalisation debate. Due to the wide range of issues
covered by globalization–related issues, this article will discuss the shifts of the globalisation,
weaknesses and benefits of the globalisation.
The shifts in the world economy due to globalisation
The economic condition between first world and third world has been changed
A process whereby national borders cease to be an obstacle to the movements of products and
capitals. (Grant, 1996). One of the good examples of the globalization of production is the product
of iPhone cross all over the world. The products' design and software are from America, and
iphone's screens are mostly from Japan, its fresh memory from South Korea. Moreover, its
assemblage from China. According to dependency theory and world–system theory that the
globalization is the development of capitalism divided the world into two parts: one is the developed
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This provides the employment opportunities for developing countries' people. They get rid of
poverty gradually. Moreover, they can work for some top companies in their own countries without
leaving their hometown. Nowadays more and more multinationals such as Microsoft, Google and
Toyota start have their office around the world. So without globalization, many people cannot work
for such companies. Due to the globalization of the businesses, people in developing countries can
gain the employment opportunities (Pillai,

Mnes Advantages And Disadvantages
1. Learning Outcomes
2. Multinational Enterprises (MNEs): Definition and Features
3. History and Evolution of MNEs
4. MNEs in the Global Economy
5. MNEs in India
6. Advantages and Disadvantages of MNEs
7. Summary
1. Learning Outcomes
This module will help in understanding the following topics:
Multinational enterprises: Definition and its features.
History and evolution of MNEs
MNEs in the global economy
Advantages and Disadvantages of MNEs
Top most MNEs in India
2. Multinational Enterprises : Definition and Features
There are various definitions of a multinational enterprise. Broadly, a multinational enterprise or a
multinational corporation (MNC) refers to a giant firm that owns the production of goods or services
in many countries other than their home country. David E. Liliental, defines the MNCs as
"corporations which have their home in one country but operate and live under the laws and customs
of other countries as well." According to Franklin Root (1994), an MNC is a parent company that
engages in foreign production through its ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These large MNCs are based almost exclusively in advanced industrialized countries; ninety–nine of
the 100 largest firms are from the United States, Western Europe, or Japan and more than 5/6ths of
all parent corporations are based in

The International Telephone And Telegraph Company
1. Introduction Big companies such as Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) is characteristic of the
capitalist economic system which have a role as non–state actors. However, it is shown to have an
important role and can determine the direction of the economy of a country that these companies
invested. Multinational enterprises have developed since the early 19th century. In the 20th century,
with the growth of information technology and transport, causing the expansion of international
trade is increasing. Attributed to the establishment of branches in different countries to produce
products which looks similar products manufactured in the home country in all respects and began
to move the capital from the United States to invest in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, these companies are also ready to move their production bases to another country or to
layoffs and downsizing their companies if their business are unsuccessful. It causes tremendous
equality between the companies and the countries that have been investing. Despite the advantages
of an investment may entail technology transfer, production and employment in the country, it has
the effect of trade liberalization on that companies can easily withdraw the investment. Including,
technology transfer in production to those subsidiaries have been inherited by these companies are
not absolutely perfectly. It could be that the relationship between the parent company and
subsidiaries is the parent company control and plays a major role over the subsidiaries and based on
the pursuit of profit as much as possible. This essay will provide the examples of two big companies
which focus on multinational enterprises in different continents which have high turnover but on the
other hand, there are problems that arise from the operation of these companies, as well as the
impact on third parties that may lead to reduce the credibility of companies. The samples have to be
taken into consideration and analysis in perspective of foreign investors, civil society actors and the
reaction of government actors as well. 2. What is Multinational Enterprises (MNEs)? Organisation
for Economic Co–operation and

Disadvantages Of Globalization
Introduction
The trend of global economic development is to use foreign direct investment stimulate the
economic development of the country and create an environment more conducive that improve the
interests of investors and local industries.
As an important driving force of economic globalization and also the implementer of FDI,
Multinational Corporations occupy an unparalleled position in the contemporary economy.
According to Friedman: "We are living in a time of globalization. People generally think that all
countries have no choice but to wear" gold tights "(Friedman 1999: 104). Therefore, in some
people's viewpoints, in the bargaining range Transnational Corporations is more effective than the
state. However, through the specific case analysis of this report, reader can see that their relationship
is very delicate. It is not that one occupies a strong position while the other is in a disadvantaged
position. In summary, they cooperate and compete. They may similarly find themselves in conflict
or support each other. This report gives a few specific case studies on how to think critically about
whether any of these have more advantages status, as well as what led to this status change.
Globalization is seen as a leading cause of national policy towards the "lowest level" of countries
entering a fierce global competition at the expense of domestic interests (Drezner 2001). The
government is required to give up its power to negotiate with multinational companies. With the

The Hidden Truth Of Multinational Corporations
The Hidden Truth
In modern society, we are constantly bombarded with decisions of what retailer or brand to buy
supplies from. We no longer have just a supermarket; we have a wide variety of merchandise
retailers to choose from. Debating where to go depending on the price of products, or perhaps the
quality, is a decision we battle with constantly. Yet, without thinking twice about where the product
came from, or its environmental impact, many of us go right ahead pick up the item, toss it in the
trolley and rush to pay for because we don't have time to care about stuff like this. There are other
important things, like when to get the car oil changed, right?
Multinational corporations (MNC) such as Mattel, Google, Microsoft, and eBay to ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even though words cannot do justice in emphasising the massive effect Multinational corporations
such as this one have globally, their injurious actions are affecting the environment from all
directions as well as aspects of our day–to–day life, something as simple as breathing clean air.
Diminishing the finite sources available in a certain areas, they are able to pack their bags and move
to another place, leaving many of its workers jobless. Subsequently, employability established by
new markets opening up provides opportunities to people to earn money in order to support
themselves and their families. However, the jobs multinational corporations have provided require
little to no expertise and are deskilled , which most commonly is referred to as a "job worse than
McDonalds". In addition to this, workers receive a pay less than minimum wage for extensive
manual labour, barely enough for one meal a day. Sweatshops are a prime example of cheap labour
of eight hours a day; the Reference for Business Encyclopedia claims that "one of the earliest
examples of a sweatshop was in the crude textile mills of Ecuador" where the Spanish conquerors
enslaved the natives for the manufacture of clothes and textiles. In more recent years, the majority of
sweatshops have been successfully transformed into businesses with more reasonable working
conditions, but nonetheless sweatshops do continue to exist in places where

The Multinational Corporation Boom And Its Reasons
In this paper the multinational corporation boom and its reasons are investigated and then the
challenges which these corporations encounter will be discussed.
There are certain reasons associated with the rapid growth of multinational corporations during the
last 50 years. Including but not limited to globalization, information technology &
telecommunication, deregulations and worldwide market liberalization and the operation in the
emerging economies and the growth opportunity in these countries.
Globalization)
Globalization is the process of international integration caused by the exchange of products, ideas
and other aspects of the culture in a global scale. Scholars still disagree whether the globalization
caused the inception of multinational corporations or vice versa. Although globalization is the
phenomena which belongs to the modern era, the earliest samples of multinational corporations
could be traced back to 17th century Dutch and English India companies. Therefore it is generally
believed that multinational corporations are both a cause and a result of the globalization process.
The globalization has manifested itself in the interdependence of national economies and financial
markets. There are different dimensions for the growth of multinational corporations in globalization
era. The economic dimension of the multinational corporation growth can be presented through the
numbers; including the fact that approximately 33% of the world trade consists of

Johnson & Johnson : The United States Based Multinational...
Johnson & Johnson is a United States based multinational company that has been dealing its
business in pharmaceutical, medical devices, and few other consumer packaged goods. Company is
headquartered in New Brunswick, New Jersey and was founded in 1886. The consumer segments
offering includes baby care products, which operates under different brand names such as Johnsons
Adult and Lubriderm among others. The company distributes its medical products to the community
through retail outlets, distributors and health care professionals in the society. The company has full
time employees close to 130,000. They have medical devices with OneTouch brand that include a
number of institutional products, which consider the need of healthcare ... Show more content on
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The demand is continuously increasing after making its availability in international market and
increasing the customer base means increased in demand elasticity and Company is capable enough
to manage the supply. However, pricing is slight high because of increased demand, which don 't
seem to be low as concerned with medical sophisticated need and people don 't want to go to
physician for every single and small check that resulted it as good product brand. Hence, price
elasticity has increased with consistent supply of this product brand. Two Non–Price Factors Impact
the Demand Increased number of medical concern in last decade and people are now become more
concerned for their health and they don 't want to ignore their health on risk. Hence, preferring to
support the regular checkups through such self–test devices. Secondly, medical checkup always
require large money as compare to self–test. Hence, it has increased the demand of the product.
Additionally, Company's brand and increased its demand. Impact the Supply Supply has increased
due to increased demand and there is one prominent reason is technology that also has explored the
supply determinants of medical devices. Supply changed due to expansion of business as Company
decided to explore products in

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Mncs
Multinational Corporation (MNC), sometimes called transnational corporation or international
corporation, business that produces or distributes products or services in one or more foreign
countries by establishing a branch or affiliate there. A branch is a part of a company that is located in
another country. An affiliate is a company partially or entirely owned by another company. MNCs
engage in foreign direct investment (FDI)–that is, investment in one country by citizens of another
country. Sometimes such investment involves acquiring an existing company. In other cases MNCs
undertake what is known as greenfieldinvestment by creating new facilities or activities. Before
World War II (1939–1945), most MNCs established foreign operations to ... Show more content on
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The State has immense potential for industrialisation with its large deposits of minerals amounting
to 40% of the total mineral wealth of the country. It is the sole producer of coking coal, uranium and
pyrite and ranks first in the production of Coal, Mica, Kynite and Copper in India. The State has
made impressive strides over the years in industrialisation. It has contributed to the revenue
collection of the State besides improving the quality of life in certain pockets like Jamshedpur–
Saraikela–Chaibassa, Ramgarh–Patratu–Hazaribagh, Latehar–Chandwa, RanchiLohardaga, Bokaro–
Chandankiyari–Dhanbad–Giridih etc. Jharkhand is becoming the vanguard of industrialisation
among the Indian States. To ensure regular and mega investment, the State has been able to
convince the ambassadors of industries to choose Jharkhand as preferred investment destination.
Accordingly, major industrial houses have inked MoUs with the State Government. Jharkhand is
presently producing about 20–25% of total steel being produced in the country. With the proposed
expansion of a number of integrated steel plants, Jharkhand will be producing over 25 MT of steel
and thus will turn to be a potential steel–hub of India. Recently, an MOU has been signed between
the Steel Ministry and NMDC for establishment of 6 MT integrated Green Field Steel Plants. Even
various types of auto grade

Analysis Of Three Fundamental Assumptions Are Made
Throughout this policy paper, three fundamental assumptions are made:
1. The Murdell–Flemming Model is a fundamentally sound method of analysis.
2. A global trend toward liberalization of free trade is both strictly current and strictly relevant to
Chinese economic growth.
3. The power dynamic between host country, home country, and Multinational Corporation is a
driving factor in cross–regional mergers and acquisitions and thereby domestic economic growth as
measured by nominal gross domestic product.
The Murdell–Flemming Trilemma or "Unholy Trinity" states that a government can only generate
policy that satisfies two of three general desires; these desires are exchange rate stability, capital
mobility, and domestic monetary autonomy (Cohen, 2010). Concerning the China, the general
international monetary choices should be capital mobility and domestic monetary autonomy. In an
era where multinational corporations are increasingly looking to cross–regional mergers and
acquisitions to create value, it is more important than ever for China to retain capital mobility and
domestic monetary autonomy (Cross–Regional, 2015). Through an examination of multinational
corporations and domestic monetary policy choices, the need for capital mobility and domestic
monetary autonomy become clear. This need is proven through the effects these policy choices have
on domestic monetary value and the subsequent consequences these effects have on cross–regional
mergers and acquisitions. The

Outsourcing: Let's Get It Right Essay
"The rights of every man are diminished when the rights of one man are threatened" (Kennedy,
1963). Continuous improvements in technology capabilities have provided companies with tools to
more easily conduct business on a global scale. However, when conducting business with different
cultures, you risk different ethical standards. Companies should be accountable for ensuring their
product or services can be received by the consumer in good conscience, void of human ethics
violations, regardless of where the product or service originates; and consumers should not patronize
companies that cannot ensure this trust. This paper provides rhetorical analyses of two presentations
pertaining to outsourcing. Neither particularly opposes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because the article consists of more positive claims than negative, by the end of the article the non–
critical reader is left with a positive feeling about outsourcing, regardless of factual claims.
Additionally, Kibbe uses rhetorical devise comparisons, explanations, and definitions along with the
rhetorical devise downplayer while explaining that offshore outsourcing has come to the forefront
because of unrelated economic conditions. Kibbe (2004) suggests the migration of jobs offshore
"coupled with an economic downturn . . . on the heels of one of the largest economic booms in the
nation's history . . . made the change taking place [jobs offshore] seem even more devastating"
(para.30). This rhetorical explanation downplays the issue and uses a downplayer phrase, suggesting
if it were not for these unrelated forces, the issue would not have come to the forefront as a social
topic of debate. Furthermore, Kibbe's article is vague, leaving out important information when citing
industry research data: 6,700 jobs lost due to offshoring, as compared to 300,000 new
unemployment claims. Based on these data–points, Kibbe's article claims "offshoring represents
only about 2% of the jobs lost" (para.32). The reader is unable to trust the

The Ethical Issues Of Outsourcing Labor Essay
In the past decade, a pattern has emerged of large corporations choosing to contract their labour to
foreign countries in order to remain competitive. However, companies tend to relocate production to
the poorest nations where labour is cheap and output is chief. As a result, outsourcing labour has
made multinational companies subject to criticism for their immoral practices. This has created the
classic ethical debate as to whether it is possible for multinationals to engage in developing nations
in both an ethical and lucrative manner. For businesses, the difficulty is if one of these values should
be favoured over the other.
In this paper, I will argue that ethical dilemmas, like outsourcing labour, are best approached using
the algorithm suggested by Thomas Donaldson; showing that businesses can engage aboard within
an ethical manner. To begin I will examine how Donaldson's "guiding principles" and "core human
values" (Donaldson 173) can exist despite different values across cultures. Next, I will consider his
premise of ethical leadership and its use in the multinational firm. Having defended these positions,
I will then compare his work to that of Ian Maitland. I will specifically address how Maitland's
arguments do not successfully defend the human rights of international employees. This will
demonstrate that Donaldson's argument is more suitable for ethically–driven corporations and sets a
positive precedent for future ethical conduct.
When faced with the moral

If God Was A Banker
This chapter explores the narrative built around multinational banking culture in two novels, If God
was a Banker (2007) written by Ravi Subramaniam, and Puppet on the Fast Track (2011) by Ilika
Ranjan. The two novels revolve around a major phase of socio – economic transition in India that
began in the 1980s and continued throughout the 1990s. This period ushered in the concept of open
door policy, liberalization, privatization, and globalization, all of which became buzz words in the
Indian economy. As multinational companies and banks entered India, the banking scenario was
leaping forward, beyond the nationalized structure, towards experimentation with the multinational
banking concept. The two authors, Ravi Subramaniam, and Ilika ... Show more content on
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The beauty of these works of fiction is the close depiction of the moment of a moment, verbal and
body language, and the communication of a multitude of human emotions, as manifested in the garb
of the jargon that goes with banking–profit, loss, employee satisfaction or dissatisfaction, customer
care, or neglect.
If God was a Banker
Ravi Subramaniam 's If God was a Banker is the story of Swami and Sandeep. They are graduates of
premier management institutes of India and go on to become top honchos of a leading MNC bank in
India, the New York International. They are both academically brilliant despite hailing from
different economic backgrounds. In the story, Swami represents all that is righteous, portrayed as a
humble, simple, and unassuming character, who struggled his way up from a life shrouded by dire
economic crises. On the other hand, Sandeep is portrayed as an arrogant, competitive and
flamboyant young man, whose father is an army officer, and his mother a doctor, and accordingly,
with a cushioned upbringing. In his career, Sandeep's over–ambition takes him to crack dubious
deals. He runs on the crutches of nefarious doings and negative networks. Furthermore, in his
personal life he cheats on his wife, while avoiding all scruples of personal and professional
relationships. Aditya, who is the mentor of the two, soon learns that he can trust the

Multinational Corporation
Imagine you only earn 12–14–cent–an–hour for your hard work, imagine you work with toxic
chemical glues, paints and solvents everyday. Multinational Corporation is a company that make
and sells a product in more than one country. Sometime we called a ¡°transnational corporation ¡±.
Multinational Corporation are harmful because of bad working condition, low wage and long hours,
bad future and life.
Multinational corporations are harmful because they have bad working conditions. According to
Sweatshop Fact sheet, workers who work for J.C Penny are beaten and eat the bad food in America
Samoa. It¡¯s important because workers should not get beaten for work. It harms workers babies
and workers don¡¯t get expectation. Even the police cannot ... Show more content on
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According to Toys of Mystery, a report on the toy industry in China, the toy factory workers have
never heard of or seen Mc–Donald¡¯s, Disney, Wal–Mart, etc. these famous company. It¡¯s
important because this fact shows that workers knew nothing or little about the world but only
working. They maybe never go shopping and leave factory. Normal people should know those big
companies, but neither the toy factory workers. They are like birds in the cage. For workers, that¡¯s
so miserable. They are human beings but having no rights to enjoy their life. According to David
Bacon, the story of a maquiladora worker, the maquiladora worker neither have time to rest or have
personal life. It¡¯s important because they will get extraordinary tired and lose the chance to
socialize with friends and upgrade themselves, to have entertainment, If workers just keep on
working all the time, their passion for the future, even their life will fade away. No personal life,
workers are exactly like working machines.
According to Bob Peterson of Sweatshop Fact Sheet, hundreds of thousands of children work in
agricultural states instead of going to school in U.S. It¡¯s important for children to stay in the school
and get education so that they can study more, know this world better and find out how important is
study. Because they are just children, they don¡¯t know what is good and what is bad. Working in
agricultural states instead of going to school is a

The Pros and Cons of Mncs in Chinese Market
I. THE REALLY OPERATIONAL SITUATIONS OF THE MULTINATIONAL COMPANY'S
SUBSIDIARY IN CHINA THROUGH JOINT VENTURE WITH CHINESE COMPANY. 1 The
concept :
a. The multinational company:
A multinational company or Multinational corporation (MNC), multinational enterprise (MNE) is a
corporation that is registered in more than one country or that has operations in more than one
country. It is a large corporation which both produces and sells goods or services in various
countries. It can also be referred to as an international corporation.
b. The joint venture based on the Chinese law:
A JV arises when a Chinese investor and a foreign investor own equity interest in the same Chinese
limited liability ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Image 5: Sales by all foreign affiates of US MNCs
[pic]
Source: : US Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: Financial and
Operating Data for U.S. Multinational Companies in 2009.
The minimum wages of the emplyee .
China's ageing population makes labour cost increase . Additionally, wage inflation also cause more
difficulty for companies, which are operating China. That is especially true for the consumer goods
sector where China's once cheap–labour offered a major cost advantage.
Image 6: The minimum wages in China, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Indonesia, in the period 2005 – 2011
(Unit: USD per month, base on 2011 exchange rate)
[pic]
Source: China's National Bureau of Statistics; Indonesia's Government Statistical Service; American
Chamber of Commerce Vietnam; JETRO

Export manufacture:
China exports manufacture almost as much as the rest of emerging Asia combined (USD1,900
billion versus USD2,000 billion annually) and twelve times that of North Africa. The advantageous
point of China is some of China's largest container ports also have vastly more capacity than entire
countries, such as India or Vietnam.
Image 7: China's exports versus the world in 2011
(Unit : USD bn)

The World Can Benefit From Water Privatization
The concept of race outlives slavery and limits emancipation through the manifested ideals of white
supremacy and white privilege. The criminal justice system sets back colored communities by
arranging political boundaries and looking back on the precedent set by the emancipation
proclamation. With the ideologies shared within the Doctrine of Discovery, the Tenets of the
Eugenics Movement, and Neoliberal Capitalism, some multinational companies attempt to privatize
water. While water has remained an unpriced commodity for most of the world, consumption and
scarcity have raised some questions on whether the world can benefit from water privatization.
The Doctrine of Discovery, elements of the Eugenics Movement and Neoliberal Capitalism are ...
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They share ideology that the Caucasian race is superior and actions should be taken to eliminate or
reduce their existence. There is a Eugenic standpoint present in the privatization of water due to the
views taken against the community whose water is at risk. Those standing to privatize water are
selectively choosing impoverished areas in order to generate a profit and dehumanize the area. They
carefully select the area, their target and how they approach the situation with the most beneficial
outcome. In Walter Rodney's essay, "How Europe Underdeveloped", he discusses how Europe
underdeveloped Africa and those repercussions. Africa's circumstances in the early 1900's are
similar to the water privatization movement. Rodney states, "The combination of being oppressed,
being exploited, and being disregarded is best illustrated by the pattern of the economic
infrastructure of African colonies notably, their roads and railways (110)." Similarly, countries under
scrutiny for privatization of water are under the same pressure of oppression, exploitation and
disregard, however for their unsteady economic state and water.
Key elements of the Eugenics Movement that
Water privatization is being used to establish dominance, exploit, and holds genocidal
characteristics.
Neoliberal Capitalism strongly goes into the movement of privatization because it is an approach
that large corporations share. Under Neoliberal Capitalism corporations

The Economic And Trade Globalization
With the development of science and technology as well as transportation, economic and trade
globalization in gradually, most companies are not satisfied with the domestic market, and began to
open up markets in other countries, which is the origin of multinational enterprises. However, since
the environment of the market is different from the host country, such as natural conditions, socio–
cultural, or customer needs, which is particularly difficult to deal with the situation when to enter the
market of a country, it will need to face the corresponding political risk. Political risk is a type of
foreign exchange risk, thence, a prerequisite of political risk and foreign exchange risk of the
occurrence of a prerequisite is the same, namely businesses or investors must hold foreign direct
investment (Foreign Direct Investment), otherwise, there would not be political risks (Jensen, 2003).
Therefore, for multinational enterprises, the economic benefit was on the most important position,
and even beyond the political relations such as social system, human ideology, or challenge the
traditional, however, for the country to say that in terms of national security goals happen with the
economic interests if they have conflicting objective, the state will first meet the security objective,
it would be more stressful for multinational enterprises in political risk.
Weston and Sorge (1972) defined that the uncertainty about full or partial power is exercised the
power by the

Fin and Management
HW#1
FIN 525 International Financial Management
Fall/2014
Please read and summarize the two articles attached below: 1) Why Some Countries and Cities Are
So Much More Expensive Than Others 2) Are US Multinationals Abandoning America?
Write a 1–2 page summary for each. It's due in one week. Please bring a hardcopy to class.
Why Some Countries and Cities Are So Much More Expensive Than Others
By Derek Thompson
The Atlantic Magazine
Our special report on the world of prices wouldn't be complete without asking, and trying to answer,
a big, and surprisingly complex, question: How do pricey countries get that way?
[pic]
Reuters
ChinaZenaide Muneton is a nanny in New York City. Last year, she made more than $200,000,
Planet ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But if he had visited ten years ago, it might have been closer to 50 cents. As India has become more
productive over the last few decades, wages in the tradable sector (IT) rose, pulling up wages in the
nontradable sector (waiters), and the currency has appreciated. There is a still a major price
difference D.C. and Delhi. One dollar will pay for much less stuff in America than its equivalent in
rupees will buy in India. But as Indian exports continue to grow, one should expect Shyam's lunch to
get more and more expensive.
There is much more to price levels than the Nanny Effect. Much, much, much more. Restrictive
urban policy raises the price of rent in similarly productive cities. Energy policies and levies raise or
lower the price of gas. Tariffs raise the price of imports. On a nation–by–nation basis, taxes restrain
demand and subsidies increase supply on an idiosyncratic basis.
But perhaps the easiest way to mess with Balassa and Samuelson is for a government to manipulate
foreign exchange rates. China, for example, is famous for pegging its currency to the U.S. dollar to
make its exports more competitive. As a result, services in China are probably cheaper than they
would be if the government weren't actively trying to depreciate the currency. If you're happily
wondering "Why is China so cheap?" you should thank Beijing.
"The B–S Effect [er, Nanny Effect!] explains why on average, prices vary across

Urban India vs. Rural India
Globalization has had an astonishing impact on the modern world. It has allowed nations to connect
with other nations through mediums such as the internet, fax machines, music and television.
Globalization has also encouraged companies to take advantage of the knowledge and talents of
people all over the world. Outsourcing has created thousands of job opportunities for developing
nations. The flow of income into developing countries has allowed people to increase their standard
of living (Friedman, 126–150).
Globalization has also helped expand the consumer base of many corporations to the furthest
reaches of the globe. It facilitates communication and commerce between countries in ways never
thought imaginable. No longer are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They even have a school there called the India Institute of Technology where the stringent
curriculum rivals that of the prestigious MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) here in the
United States.
Multinational businesses exploit their Indian employees as they do not command the same wages as
employees in more developed nations. However, these wages are deemed significant and impressive
in comparison to the alternatives. These highly educated individuals of India have landed jobs with
multinational corporations that have set up in many cities of India. They are benefiting from the
outsourced service jobs that have been shifted from other countries. Many call centers have been
relocated to India in order to save the company money on wage expenses. According to Thomas
Friedman, a number of young Indian people receive accent coaching to better emulate American and
British English. Some even select new names in order to sound more welcoming to their
international callers. Many accounting tasks have also been outsourced to India. The people are very
well versed with accounting procedures and are saving companies thousands of dollars. In general,
the corporate bureaucrats feel that outsourcing lower skilled responsibilities frees up time for
American workers to tackle more complex duties (Friedman 216–270)
There is a huge demand for radiologists in the United States; consequently they command lucrative
salaries for their

Multinational Enterprises : Globalization And Development...
With globalization and development of advanced communication systems, many firms and
corporations are becoming multinational enterprises. The term multinational firm describes the
situation in which a firm extends beyond the borders of its individual mother country, state or nation
and operates with affiliates and branches in more than two countries. Multinational firms also extend
beyond continental boundaries and hence it's always desirable to understand the reasons and factors
which prompt firms to go multinational. In most cases, multinational firms replicate the same
products in their host market. However, others distribute the phases of productions beyond their
nation boundaries as a way of integrating the whole process (Contessi, ... Show more content on
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Through becoming multinational since the cost per unit can be lowered through specialization and
expert acquisition. The compounded effect of economies of scale is compounded by increased
protection from risks and uncertainties whenever the mother country might be experiencing low
economic growth. In many cases the other countries economy might be succeeding and hence the
firm might survive the low economic profits from the mother country. For instance, Coca Cola is a
multinational company with its roots in United States has made more profit in Mexico and other
countries than in the United States for several decades (Coca Cola Company, 2012).In fact, more
than 94% of coca cola products are sold internationally and hence this has always re–assured the
firm the confidence of never falling even when the United States or Mexico faces financial crisis.
Whenever a firm has a wider global market share the probability of it going in to losses in all the
countries is minimal if no zero. This makes it self–sustaining and always growing. In an analogy, the
product life cycle begins with introduction, growth, maturity and finally decline and this reflects a
similar yet slightly different ending with the origin of multinational firms. These firms undergo the
same cycle until the decline stage where after them maturing in their home nations do not decline by
establish themselves in the neighboring countries and

International Enterprise With Economic Development And...
In modern world a lot of companies will start their business in other countries, to become an
international enterprise with economic development and global popularity (TAST, 2014).
International companies to carry out their business around the world, multinational corporations are
an important driving force of internationalization and globalization, so that business will not be
limited to one country, and increase the company 's sales, also conducive to global companies
seeking cheaper labour on a global scale, they can find cheaper recourse, reducing the company 's
production cost (TAST, 2014). At this time, the location decision is particularly important when the
company open a new company in the overseas, the company has a lot of issues ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some authors take the opposite view that the company 's parent country tax policy will also affect
the company 's overseas location, through studying data between 1999and 2003 multinational firms
in 33 European countries (Barrios, Huizinga, Laeven, &Nicodème, 2012).According to Robinson
and Stocken (2013) some countries in order to attract foreign investment will be made very
favourable tax policy, some enterprises consider the interests they will likely choice this country.
Choen (2000) also think tax policy has a major impact on business location decisions, some of the
tax return or tax cuts for the enterprises profits have a great impact, but the government will be
worried too preferential policies for local enterprise is unfair, maybe lead the people criticism. For
example, China 's foreign investment policy, the government will reward some foreign firms which
have a good develop, or let some multinational companies enjoy low tax rates tax policies that
encourage multinational companies to enter the Chinese market, but also to promote the Chinese
enterprises seek out

Human Resources Management: Human Resource Management
Running head: HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 1
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2
Human resource management
Name:
Institution:
Human resource management
Human Resource Management is a collection of organizational operations that mainly focus on
effective management and allocation of human resources such as labor to accomplish corporate
goals. Human Resource Management is considered as one of the sensitive department within an
organization. According to Biswas (2012), the majority of organizations put much effort in the
human resource department to accomplish the set goals. Consequently, goals such as high–quality
production can only be attained through the efforts of human resource department. Therefore this
argument has forced the different corporation to place much focus on the HRM to achieve success.
For instance, for the production activities to take place within an industry HRM is required to
monitor the operations of all employees within an organization. In most of the cases, the breakdown
of different companies leads to blame on the HRM. As a result, the success of an organization is
always determined by the operations Human Resource Management team (Bahuguna and Kumari,
2010).
Human resource department can be classified into two classes that are domestic Human Resource
Management and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Human resource operations in global business transactions are developing in a manner which
suggests that only the best experienced human resource operations will bear success. Human
resource operations include procedures such as labor planning and performance evaluation in all
employees (Liu, 2017). By creating decisions regarding labor requirements of an organization's
international activity, human resource employees are capable of implementing new global business
trends within the company (Debroux,

Organizational Culture and National Culture in...
Abstract
Multinational organizations are combinations of multicultural employees. Multicultural
environments cause cultural shock among leaderships and employees. Organizational culture and
national culture are significantly important in current marketing environment. Organizational culture
mainly shows the value and the roles inside the organization. However, national culture is the
directing of organizational culture and influence both leadership and employees deeply from their
personal values. Furthermore, the relationship between organizational culture and national culture
has impacts on leaderships, employees, job satisfaction as well as the commitment of employees to
the organizations. This essay will discuss the issues above, and ... Show more content on
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For instance, Wallach (1983) viewes three perspectives of organizational culture, that is, innovative,
supportive and bureaucratic. Martin (1992) identified three forms of organizational culture,
including fragmentation, differentiation and integration. Goffee and Jones (1998) define four types
of organizational cultures, which is communal, fragmented, mercenary and networked. However, in
a company, individuals have personal values and beliefs as well as personal desires. On that account,
the attitude of employees and commitment to the companies may result in diversity of
achievements. National cultures also have some effects on the values, beliefs and personal desires. A
variety of countries have multifarious national cultures, giving rise to a culture shock in
multinational companies. Cross–cultural research shows that significant differences exist in national
culture characteristic between western and eastern cultures (Hofstede, 1980, 1991; El Kahal, 2001;
Chen, 2001). For instance, it is widely known that bureaucratic traditional deep–rooted culture and
high power distance exist in Chinese companies (Pye, 1985; Chen, 2001). The management of firms
in the west and east makes a world of difference. The reason for that is the distinction between the
impact of national culture on individual worth and how individual worth adapts to the organizational
culture. Furthermore, after organizations in Hong Kong are mostly in power by ethnic Chinese, the
Chinese–style high

The Effect Of Transfer Pricing On Shareholders Of...
Transfer pricing assist companies in allocating their profits among the various countries in which
they operate. However, we found that in recent years, multinational corporations have been taking
advantage of the arm's length principle to transfer intellectual property that is difficult to value in
order to avoid taxes in high–tax jurisdictions. This poses an ethical dilemma for executives of
corporations on whether or not they are paying their fair share of taxes and raises the question on
how the U.S. government can reform the current system in place to encourage companies to behave
ethically.
We examine the effects of transfer pricing on shareholders of multinational corporations and the
United States government through a case study on Apple. Apple was able to successfully dodge
billions of taxes in the U.S. through the use of aggressive transfer pricing with their Irish
subsidiaries. We found that Apple was never fined by the IRS because they were exploiting a
loophole in the arm's length principle. While shareholders stand to profit from aggressive transfer
pricing practices, they must be aware of the risk that aggressive transfer pricing imposes and be
aware of companies' motivations and morals for engaging in transfer pricing.
The negative financial effects on the government were evident and we propose a three–part solution
to restructure the rules for transfer pricing to promote multinationals to act morally. First, we
propose that the IRS get rid of the

Building A Budget Plan For The United States Of America (...
Introduction
AT&T, Inc is among the leading mobile phone companies in the United States of America (USA)
and a multinational corporation (present in 11 Latin American countries) thus worth spending the
energy to work for. The Company has its headquarters in Whitacre Tower in Dallas, Texas. The
current Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is Mr. Stephenson Randall, who together with the rest of the
company, work on a mission of providing a mobile connectivity that is fast and highly secure and a
vision of achieving the world where everyone and everything are kept connected regardless of
distance. With the strongest LTE signal and a similar 4G network, the company recorded its highest
revenue of $132.4 billion in 2014. This enabled the company to ... Show more content on
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With the budgeting tool, the corporate can thus make informed financial decisions.
For AT&T, Inc., the capital budget is vital in putting to use the available resources. The act of
prioritizing mainly ensures that critical segments of the company are first to be factored in the
budgeting process and that they are adequately funded at all times (Wyatt, 2013). In that process, it
is easy for the company to identify deficits and adequately plan for loans or stock financing.
Since a budget is a component of sound and responsible financial management, tracking its
formulation and implementation can go a long way to ensuring its objectives are adequately met.
Sound budget management strategies include keeping a proper record of all the expenses v.
allocations. Also, consistently review the implementation to be sure of the anticipated outcome.
Considering the implementation can also help isolate the possibility of adjustments in line with the
budget objectives (Wyatt, 2013).
Effective Budgeting and the Positive Financial Outcome
The fundamental importance of proper budgeting strategies goes beyond corporate investment
decision making. It includes positive financial outcomes in as far as the financial goals are
concerned. One of the positive outcomes is eliminating a fiscal crisis. Financial forecasting
particularly helps analyze the current trends in the business and

Factors That Empower And Constrain Mncs Essay

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