Greek Sports Vs Roman Games

Greek Sports Vs Roman Games
The nature of competitive sports has been an interest to humans since ancient times.
The creation of sports spectacles was not initially meant to display athletic excellence. Secondly,
some of the events that happened did not pertain to athletics at all because the main focus was not
on one specific sport. Although separated by distance and time, the Roman Games and Greek
Olympics both exemplify practices that are familiar to modern sporting events. Both of these
athletic events were the primal source of influence on modern sports competitions. Sports were a
primary source of entertainment for people in ancient times, thus large sporting events became very
popular, received a lot of attention, and have remained in society until present day. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Greeks invented athletic contests and held them in honour of their gods. The Greek Olympic
Games was one of the first and most famous sporting events in history, dating back to 776 BC. The
Olympics were held every four years and the purpose of this event was to honour the god, Zeus.
Furthermore, the Isthmian Games was also held to honour the sea–god, Poseidon, and the Pythian
Games honoured the god, Apollo. These three events verify that the ancient Greeks initially held
sporting events to honour their gods. The creation of the Roman Games began in 264 BC, centuries
after the first Olympic Games. Romans were more interested in the entertaining aspects of these
competitions rather than the honouring of foreign Greek gods. The first instance of gladiator
contests, a popular event in Roman Games, was when an important Roman citizen died and his
family decided to have slaves fight each other during the funeral. This is because Romans believed
that after death, a person's soul would be transported by human blood. This became more common
amongst aristocratic and wealthy families who tried to prove their dominance in the community. As
it became more common, more people started to watch these events and it grew into a spectacle. As
time passed, the Games became solely a source of entertainment for the spectators, however it also
became a tool for politicians. Julius Caesar was one of the first Roman politicians to utilise free
gladiatorial contests as a way of gaining popularity. These free events became the Roman
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The Winter Olympics: The Rise Of The Modern Olympic Games
The start of the original Olympic Games was created to honor the Greek god Zeus, which resulted in
a temporary halt of wars and a celebration of victors. The Games were a form of escapism from
political and wartime unrest for a greater cause. The Winter Olympics were no exception. However,
the escapism intent of the Games was gradually replaced with political undertones, attempting to
prove government superiority that still have precedent within the Modern Olympics of today. Dan
Snow of BBC discusses the Winter Olympics in detail of how the Games have transitioned into
political shows of power over the other countries on a world stage. This was evident in 1954 when
the USSR entered the Winter Olympic Games with the intent to prove their superiority of their
government by sending in the best, highly motivated, and elite professional athletes to compete in
the Games. (BBC, 2017) Tensions rose during the height of the Cold War with the USSR's
occupation of Afghanistan. This resulted in the United States boycott of the 1978 Summer
Olympics. However, the Winter Games were held two years later, in 1980, in which the USSR
attended in Lake Placid, New York. This served as high motivation for the United States to triumph
over the USSR, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Olympics are highly driven by politics and war, which has even resulted in boycotts and bans as
political statements in retaliation. Complacency with normative behaviors and laws that invalidates
the core foundation of the Olympic spirit have been a driving force in the Modern Olympics. This
transition from escapism and passion for competition has turned into a stage for political
showdowns and means for governments to "prove" superiority with metal counts and promote its
own political agendas over the egalitarianism and fervent spirit of the Olympic

Olympic Swimming Research Paper
Watching the screen, many children and adults are glued to the swimmers that race each other in the
Olympics. The swimmers are young and strong, but many do not know who these swimmers are.
Adding on to what they do not know contains the history of swimming in the glorified Olympics.
The backstory of this sporting event shows the progression and improvement of swimming because
swimming evolved through the Olympics. This includes the beginning, improvement, and modern
Olympic swimming sport. The beginning of swimming in the Olympics dates back to the year 1896
in Athens. This is when swimming was introduced to the Olympic community as a competitive
sport. Only men were allowed to compete against each other in four different freestyle events in
open water. These events are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the St. Louis Olympics of 1904, breastroke was included and considered as a sport. The distances
of the freestyle and backstroke also changed as they used yards instead of meters. Jump a few years,
and women could be found swimming in the 1912 Olympics. This was an improvement to the sport
of swimming because it allowed females to have a part in the Olympics. During the progression
stage of swimming, the addition of closed swimming was introduced. Swimming would no longer
be open swimming (in open bodies of water). The 1924 Olympics in Paris introduced lanes that
were divided with corks and lines at the bottom of the pool. Another improvement that was made
during this progression era was the introduction of the first butterfly in 1934. The first butterfly was
used to bring the arms from the back to the front over the water, not through. Although butterfly was
used to improve breastroke times, the stroke was accepted as a completely new stroke that required
the use of undulating kicks in 1952, 18 years after the first variation of

Essay The Foundation of The United States of America
The world struggled long and hard to achieve what it has today, countless war and civilizations
declining one after another. The United States of America is a nation combined and influenced by
other successful civilization. The success and wonder of America and the world simply would not
be the same if it weren't for two of the most revered and influential civilization, the Roman Empire
and Athens Greece. Both were well ahead of their time in terms of invention, studies, and ideas. The
United States of America owes its thanks to both of these nation; our laws, government, scientific
understanding, and continued advancement in technology all started from them. Athens Greece
impacted us in a broader and much more significant sense because it ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Geometry and Algebra are so crucial to the development of the world it is taught to every public
high school in the United States, around 14.8 million teenagers each year (National Center for
Education Statistics). Mathematics is the engine powering our world; our stocks, economy,
technology, and science are all based off from math. Math is our universal and definite language "I
was especially delighted with the mathematics, on account of the certitude and evidence of their
reasonings." (Rene Descartes, 1637). "To seek to ease pain is natural" (Silverburg, 16). Since the
beginning of time mankind has struggle with disease, wound, and death; thus men try to find relief
in those pain kindle the flame towards medication. Countless civilization tries their hand at
medication, China and Greece both sought to find way in ending disease and sickness, however
most people at the time believed disease and pain are cause by gods or other mythological being and
superstition. This concept of thinking remained unchanged until 460 B.C.E in Athens Greece when
Hippocrates came in and introduces the notion of modern medicine and treatment. Hippocrates
broke many groundbreaking achievement in regarding medicine such as the brain controlling
thoughts and emotion but what he was remember for is taking out the superstition aspect in
medicine and treatment by many people and taking a scientific and logical approach (Downey, 2).

Factors that Shaped the Modern Olympic Movement
DBQ Essay
Some factors that shaped the modern Olympic movement from 1892 to 2002 were the increased
participation of women in the games due to women's suffrage, the rising nationalism and superiority
over competitors that took place, and the increase in trade and funding.
The modern Olympic movement was shaped through the soaring advocation of women's rights (2,
8). An anonymous photographer (#2), in the 1908 Olympic games held in Great Britain where only
2 percent of women participated in the games, presents a photograph of Sybil Newall, a female
British competitor at the games, and advocates women participating in the games. This
photographer might have this view because he or she is a feminist that took place in the women
suffrage movement and is baffled that solely two percent of athletes were women, and is urging the
Olympics to make a great change. Hassiva Boulmerka (#8), an Algerian competitor that engaged in
the 1992 games held in Spain where 29 percent of the athletes were women, believes that every
woman has the ability of becoming an athlete, and must strengthen their mind and conscious, not
just their body, to overcome these social challenges. Boulmerka, as a woman participant, may have
this belief because she has underwent these obstacles as well, and wishes to motivate women in
Spain to have the will and determination to overcome them and become a female athlete like
herself. A good additional document that would better our understanding of how this social

Should Sports Doping Be Doping?
Doping in sports. At present, the problem of the use of doping by athletes is acute for professional
sports. The solution of this task immediately entails chain of related questions: how to improve the
system of doping control, what drugs to prohibit to use, what measures to show to athletes who
violated the rules.But what do we know about doping, in addition, what do the media and the people
profit from it? Looking at the situation of modern sports on the other hand, it can be argued that
much more important is another risk: to dispel all myths surrounding the problem of using doping in
sport and outline the reality.This paper will deal with operating principle of doping and the
consequences of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But the real beginning of the modern era of doping should be considered 1935, when the injection
testosterone was created. First used by Nazi doctors to increase the aggression of the soldiers, a little
later he confidently entered the sport with the Olympic athletes of Germany in 1936 at the Berlin
Olympics. Later in 1955, physiologist John Ziegler developed a modified synthetic testosterone for
the US national weightlifting team, it was Dianabol. The invented Dianabol soon became widely
available and compulsory for weightlifters, football players, runners and sportsmen of sports game.
The effect of the Dianabol is to increase protein synthesis and help the muscles recover faster after
hard training(Muller 2,6).
According to the definition of the Medical Commission of the International Olympic Committee,
doping is the introduction into the body of athletes by any means (in the form of injections, pills,
inhalation, etc. )of pharmacological drugs that artificially raise the working capacity and athletic
performance. In addition, various kinds of manipulations with biological fluids, produced for the
same purposes, are also referred to as doping. According to this definition, doping, a
pharmacological preparation can be considered only if it or the products of its decay can be
determined in body fluids (blood, urine) with a high degree of accuracy and reliability. Currently,
the following 5 groups are

Modern Day Vs Ancient Olympics
The Olympics have been a great tradition since they began long ago in Greece. They have continued
throughout the years and have evolved into what they are today. There are many similarities and
differences between the modern Olympics of today and the ancient Olympics that were held long
ago.
One of the major differences between ancient and modern day Olympics include the events that are
involved. In the first few Olympics there was only one event. It was a martial arts event with few
rules. Soon after racing events and gymnastics became involved. Now there are a total of 26 events
that include many newer sports such as basketball and swimming adding to the entertainment and
variety of the present day Olympics.
Another major difference between modern and ancient Olympics is the uniforms that are worn. In
the ancient Olympics there were not even uniforms for the competitors to wear. They didn't even
wear clothes during their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In ancient Greece only high ranking Greek people could attend. There was also no way of
broadcasting the events such as over TV. Now people from any country can watch and it is almost
impossible to avoid at least seeing about it on TV.
Another major difference is that now women are much more important to the Olympics than they
were long ago. the ancient Olympics only men were allowed to compete or even attend the events.
Now women are almost as important as the men. They compete in most of the same events and offer
as much entertainment value for the public watching the events.
One way that modern and ancient Olympics are similar is that in both modern and ancient the
victors are viewed as heroes. In the early times the victors were viewed as heroes because they
brought honor to Zeus who the events were held for. Now the victors are viewed as heroes because
they bring a lot of pride to the country that they are competing

Harry H. Hiller 's Definition Of A Mega Event
For the purpose of this essay, Harry H. Hiller's definition of a mega event will be used. 'A mega
event is of fixed duration and on a short–term basis. The event has a high profile, there is a
worldwide interest linked to the event and there is a sustainable and measurable economic outcome'
(Harry H. Hiller, 1998, vol1, no.1). With the main focus being the sports mega events of the
Olympics and FIFA World Cup. The modern Olympic games began in 1896, since then, there has
been a significant increase in the number of bidding candidates. Which has led to an increase in the
funds invested in the Olympic bids. Increased expenditure on bids provides evidence, that the future
host nations, believe major rewards will be reaped through hosting. These rewards include increased
media coverage, leading to globalisation and infrastructural investment which fuels urban
regeneration for the host nation. (Essex and Chalkey, 1998). The intention of this essay is to
determine why different countries around the world host mega events. The reasons for hosting
include; increased tourism rates, increased participation levels, soft power and the ability to get rid
of negative stereotypes. When the modern Olympics were established, in 1896, the Olympic
movement was created. Leading to the founding of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the
International Federations and the National Olympic Committees. The International Olympic
Committee are at the heart of the Olympics, represented by a

Greek Olympics : How Did They Influence Modern Olympics?
Greek Olympics: How did they influence modern Olympics?
Ancient Olympics originated in a religious way and influenced modern Olympics greatly in many
forms. The Olympics were a very important part of Greek culture because it honored their god,
Zeus. Gods played an important role in the ancient Olympics but slowly started focusing more on
competition. Like today, participating in the Olympics was a great honor and the winners were well
rewarded and respected. The Olympics have brought people together for several years to compete
and have fun, at least for the viewers. The Olympics started off from naked Greek men, to all
genders and ethnicities competing.
The Olympics took place in Olympia, which is an ancient Greek sanctuary in the Peloponnese
region in Southern Greece. It was located between two rivers, the Alpheus and the Kladeos,
Olympia had a mix of religious and athletic facilities. It had the first ever constructed stadium which
can hold up to 40,000 people and it also had a hippodrome where great chariot races took place. It is
home to one of the seven wonders: The statue of Zeus (Jarus, Owen "Olympia: site of ancient
Olympics". The Olympics took place to honor their Greek god Zeus but later started becoming more
secular because of new beliefs and because it was adopted by the Romans too.
The opening ceremony started off with the athletes filing into the temple where they had to give
their oath before a giant statue of Zeus that they will obey the rules of the game and use no unfair
means to win. Similar to today's Olympics but without the religious part because of the diversity and
secularism it has. Judges back then were concerned with performance enhancing potions and
cursing other opponents in order for them to have a better advantage. Nudity was common during
the Olympics but nobody is certain of how it occurred but there are two stories relating to the topic "
One, that a winner lost his clothes in a race [...] and the second one that it was the Spartans who
introduced it in the 8th century" (Penn Museum, "The Games"). The Olympics had strict rules at
first but later started becoming more corrupt, especially when the Romans were taking over." One
instance was when Emperor Nero enters and wins the

Ancient Greek Culture Research Paper
Ancient Greek culture was a culture of poets, philosophers, warriors, and most importantly of all:
athletes. As most young men today would wake up in the morning and go to school, young men
from ancient Greece would wake up and go to their city's gymnasium where they would workout
and prepare for the highlight of every ancient Greek persons life: the ancient Olympic Games. The
Olympic Games was an event so grand that it could be compared to the modern day Super Bowl,
Thanksgiving, and Macy's day parade put together! The ancient Olympic Games were also highly
representative of ancient Greek culture at the time of its occurrence. These similarities were seen
through many ways such as expressing the already established rivalry between Greek city–states, ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The role (or lack thereof) of women during the Games was much comparable to actual ancient
Greek life for females. In Greek society, women were only seen as a necessity to produce male heirs
and were treated like dependents– a necessary burden. This notion was highlighted by the role of
women during the Games. Married women weren't allowed in the Stadiums to watch the events due
to ancient Greece's "conservative" morales. This rule was highly important because if a married
woman was found inside any of the athletic events, it would be punishable by death, more
specifically, being flung off a cliff. Unmarried women, however, were allowed to attend events. In
fact, many fathers would bring their unmarried daughters to find a victor to marry them off to. The
Games were a very good representation of the limits that were put on Greek women in their day to
day lives. While married women watched the Games from afar (on top of a mountain), their
husbands were off having sexual relations with other women, drinking, and watching the Olympians
among the roaring and exhilarating crowd. Since the Games occurred during ancient times and was
held in the ancient Greek city–state of Olympia, every notion of the existing culture in Greek
society was present in the Games. Occasionally, you would get a cynic such as Peregrinus (Perrottet,
184) who would say that the

The Olympic Charter Which Marks The Beginning Of Modern...
If we analyze The Olympic Charter which marks the beginning of modern Olympics we will realize
that these events originally were based on a philosophy and certain principles. As it is mentioned in
fundamental principle 2: Olympism is a philosophy of life, exalting and combining in a balanced
whole the qualities of body, will and mind. Blending sport with culture and education, Olympism
seeks to create a way of life based on the joy found in effort, the educational value of good example
and respect for universal fundamental ethical principles. (Girginove et al 2005). From the above text
it can be argued that the concept of Olympism does exist in the modern world and has a slightly
different significance than the ancient Olympic games. The present philosophy revolves round the
role of sport in the development of this world as it provides international understanding and
establishes social and moral values (Girginove et al 2005). It has been understood that sporting
events can act a medium that can bring nations together on a single platform. The ideology of
liberalism and equality was further incorporated by De Coubertin who signifies the role of fairness,
justice and respects for person which can be obtained through Olympics (Girginove et al 2005).
Now since we know the basis and founding principles of both ancient and modern Olympic Games
it is very clear that both of these events have many unique social values. But I am still of my
opinion that the social values placed

The Basic Difference Between The Ancient And Modern...
The Olympic Games are an international sports festival that began in ancient Greece. The original
Greek games were staged every fourth year for several hundred years, until they were abolished in
the early Christian era. The revival of the Olympic Games took place in 1896, and since then they
have been staged every fourth year, except during World War I and World War II (1916, 1940,
1944).
Perhaps the basic difference between the ancient and modern Olympics is that the former was the
ancient Greeks' way of saluting their gods, whereas the modern Games are a manner of saluting the
athletic talents of citizens of all nations. The original Olympics featured competition in music,
speeches, and theater performances as well. The modern Games have a more expansive athletic
event schedule, and for 2 and a half weeks they are supposed to replace the ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Nine sports were on the event schedule: cycling, fencing, gymnastics, lawn tennis, shooting,
swimming, track and field, weightlifting, and wrestling. The 14–man U.S. team dominated the track
and field events, taking first place in 9 of the 12 events. The Games were a success, and a second
Olympiad, to be held in France, was scheduled. Olympic Games were held in 1900 and 1904, and
by 1908 the number of competitors more than quadrupled the number at Athens – from 311 to
2,082.
8 Beginning in 1924, a Winter Olympics was included – to be held at a separate cold–weather sports
site in the same year as the Summer Games – the first held at Chamonix, France. In 1980 about
1,600 athletes from 38 nations competed at Lake Placid, N.Y., in a program that included Alpine and
Nordic skiing, biathlon, ice hockey, figure skating and speed skating, bobsled, and luge. The
Summer and Winter Games were traditionally held in the same year, but because of the increasing
size of both Olympics, the Winter Games were shifted to a different schedule after

Australia Cultural Identity
Sport events like the Olympic games provide the opportunity for host countries to show their
identity to the rest of the world. This showing of identity is at the same time a construction of
selfidentity.
It is a construction in a sense that the host country has to convey its most important ideas about
itself to the world. In this limited period of time the host country has to draw upon experiences,
historical events, and values which represent the country and the nation.1 In other words, it is a
narration of the nation visible to the rest of the world. The ceremony tells a story that is supposed to
represent a unified nation. At the same time, it is, as Jackie Hogan points out, an act
"of inclusion and exclusion".2 Thus, the ceremony itself ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The ceremony pictures stereotypes of immigrants with associated dresses and dances.10 Moreover,
the presence of Aboriginal Australians is limited to the sequence 'Awakening'.
It almost seems that they are not seen as a part of modern Australia. According to Hogan, ideas of
"backward, exotic, and pre–modern" come to mind when compared to the developed and working
white Australian.11 Thus, dividing Australia and its history into white–male dominated, premodern
Aboriginal past, and a period of immigration rather emphasises boundaries than unity. The
ceremony seems to show contrast rather than togetherness. The attempt to create a united nation
consisting of many different people result in the marginalisation of minorities and celebration of
"the dominant culture".12
In sum, the opening ceremony of the Olympic games in Sydney attempts the portrayal of a
multicultural Australia, in harmony with its past, and welcoming of all cultures. However, the main
focus on the history of white Australians and the constant presence of this white Australianness
throughout the ceremony reflect existing power–relations and result in marginalisation of

The Similarities Between The Ancient And Modern Olympic Games
While there are clear contrasts between the ancient and the modern Olympics there is still the
respect for the athlete striving to perform at the highest level. Today, the Olympic Games are the
world's largest carnival of athletic skill and competitive spirit. They are displays of nationalism,
commerce, and politics. These important elements of the Olympics are not a modern invention, as
the first Olympics was in 776 BC in Ancient Greece. After 1503 years, in 1896 the Olympic Games
were recreated as what we know today. The Ancient Games were once dedicated to the Olympian
God, Zeus Olympios and were staged on the ancient plains of Olympia, which is also how the word
'Olympics' originated from. The modern Olympics is the largest international sporting event, which
feature both summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of respectable athletes from
over 200 different nations compete against one another. There are clear contrast between the modern
and ancient forms of the Olympic Games regarding uniforms, participants, religion, events, politics
and the concept of amateurism. However both the Ancient Greeks and the people in the modern
world still respect and admire the athletics achievements of the participants making the Olympics
the most highly regarded contest in sport.
The Olympic Games, was once a significant athletic festival that originated in ancient Greece as a
religious festival which was revived in the late 19th century as a secular competition to

What Are The Similarities Between Ancient Greece And...
Just sit there and just think about what I'm going to ask you in the next sentence. What do you think
is different from back in the olden days compared to today's 21st Century Olympics? Is there any
similarities? Is there any differences? Well there were multiple differences between Ancient Greece
and today's modern Olympics. Some of these differences consist of what the celebrated for, what
some of the events are or even what they wore during the events. Now say do you think they wore
anything in the Ancient Greece Olympics? Just ask yourself that question and think about it for a
minute of two. In the paragraphs below I will answer that question counting many other differences
but yet the similarities there are between the Ancient Greece and modern ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The answer to this question is no, they did not wear anything in the Ancient Greece Olympics. In
these Olympics they would cover there selves in grease and participate in the games. Now in the
modern day Olympics the athletes wear sport kits. An example of this is when people compete in the
gymnastics part they normally wear leotards or even in running in the Olympics males wear athletic
shorts and an athletic shirt. Another difference between the Olympics is what they celebrated for. In
Ancient Greece they celebrated for the high and mighty where as in the modern Olympics they
celebrate the best athletes in the whole entire world. Now here's another question for you how long
did these events last for? Did it last weeks, months, or days? Well In Ancient Greece the Olympics
lasted for five days, but in the modern Olympics they lasted longer. These Olympics lasted for at
least two weeks. Further more was what would have happened if a war had come upon this time.
The modern Olympics would stop the Olympics if the war broke out they would stop the Olympics
where as in Ancient Greece they would pause the war to do the Olympics then pick it up from where
they left

Essay about Politics and the Modern Olympics
At first thought, it may be difficult to understand any possible connection between sports and
politics. The New International Webster's Dictionary of the English Language defines politics as 'the
science of government', and sports as 'a particular game or physical activity pursued for diversion'.
On the surface the two concepts have very little in common, yet their connection can be traced to
antiquity and the first organized sporting events. The first Olympic games took place in Greece in
the ninth century, b.c.e. to worship the gods, win personal glory, and, most importantly, unite the
Greek city–states. At that time, Greece was made up of many small, isolated communities which, as
they flourished, sought to dominate the others. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(16).
Hitler employed artists to create beautiful posters and magazine spreads to advertise and promote
the Games. When they included athletes in their artwork, the artists portrayed them as
representatives of the Nazi myth of the "Aryan" race –– blue eyed blondes with strong, chiseled
features. In this way, Hitler wanted to draw a link between Nazi Germany and Ancient Greece. (16).
Adolph Hitler opened the Eleventh Olympiad on August 1, 1936. His arrival was announced by a
fanfare directed by the famous composer Richard Strauss to the mostly German spectators.
Establishing a new Olympic tradition, a lone runner carried a flame which traveled by relays of
runners from the site of the original ancient Games in Olympia, Greece (16)
"...Sport is prostituted when sport loses its independent and democratic character and becomes a
political institution...Nazi Germany is endeavoring to use the Eleventh Olympiad to serve the
necessities and interests of the Nazi regime rather than the Olympic ideals."
Committee on Fair Play In Sports, New York, November 15, 1935 (16) Adolph Hitler wanted the
1936 Berlin Olympics to be a large scale national spectacle. So that the rest of the world could see
the glory of Nazi Germany, he hired film producer Leni

Technology, Abstraction and Ideas of Nature
Coming to terms with modern architecture, we must read through such seminal statements through
their sensibilities and societal myths which they exemplify. Now, we shall explore parallel themes to
do with new myths of modernity, poetic expressions of technology, the reemergence of abstraction,
and analogies between architecture and other realms such as minimalist sculpture, landscape art and
nature. Architecture oscillates between the unique and the typical where the old and new may
reunite in unexpected ways. Example, the Navarro Baldeweg's Congress Hall in Salamanca which
underlines the complexity of ideas, fantasies, memories and aspirations that may operate in a single
function. If this interconnections work on the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Part from his exchange with painters, sculptors and conceptual artists, part from his direct
engagement with ordinary techniques of construction in which he found extraordinary possibilities
of expression. Spiller House in Vernice, California (1979) in which angled planes and tilting
volumes introduced visual tension and ambiguities while materials, as found, were handled in a
deliberately casual way which exposed the process of assembly. Another route towards
fragmentation and abstraction lay through the works of "neo–modernist" such as Richard Meier and
Bernard Tschumi. Richard Meier established a signature style that was characterized by layers of
wall planes and transparencies, fractured structural grids, interpenetrating ramps and space of vying
luminosity. All these devices were all on display in the Museum für Kunsthandwerk in Frankfurt
(1981–5). The Parc de La Villete (1984–9) by Bernard Tschumi revealed another aspect of the neo–
modernist stance. His basic strategy of co–ordinates, sinuous lines and boundaries suggested a
latter–day version of Kadinsky's elements of abstract painting or perhaps the score for an avant–
garde film in which the same shot–pieces were repeated in different montages. The site recalled past
mechanistic fantasies such as Tchernikov's sketches of around 1929. The cubic "follies" were like
giant toys scattered across the grass. Rem Koolhass's proposal for the Grande Bibliothèque

Track And Field Research Paper
Track and field is an extremely unique sport. Unlike most other sports, track and field is an umbrella
for the many events it includes. Track and field has a very long history and inclusive evolution.
Since the beginning of its modern history, spectators have adored cheering on their favorite runners,
jumpers, and throwers.
The elements of track and field are long distance, short distance, and the field evets. The sprinting or
short distance events include the 100–meter, 200–meter, 400–meter, 800–meter, relay races, and
hurdles races. Long distance events include the marathon, which is 26 miles, the 5,000 meter,
10,000 meter, 1,500 meter, and walking events, which are 10,000 to 50,000 meters long. Field
events include the discus throw, hammer ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Usain Bolt, Allyson Felix, and Brittney Reese are among these athletes. Usain Bolt is a Jamaican is
nicknamed the "the fastest man alive" due his incredible speed in the 2008, 2012, and 2016 Summer
Olympic Games. Bolt has won nine gold metals and destroyed world records in his sprinting career.
He ran and won the 100–meter and 200–meter in record times in to 2008 Olympics. Later, he ran
the 100–meter in 9.63 seconds, smashing the world record and becoming the first man to ever set
three world records in Olympic competition. Allyson Felix is an American athlete with nine metals,
six of which are gold and three are sliver. Felix is the most decorated woman in US track and field
history. She is nicknamed "Chicken Legs" for her long and thin physique. American Britney Reese
is a long jumper. Not only is she a Olympic Gold medalist but she is a six–time world champion.
She holds the American record for long jumping at a staggering 7.23 meter

Modern Olympic Movement
Throughout 1892 to 2002, many events happened that helped shape the modern Olympic
movement. There were new problems and new improvements that affected the Olympics. WIth the
documents we're given, we are able to analyze the factors that created these new problems and
improvements. Through these years, we can see that the world has become more acceptable to
women, people being pressured because of pride, people trying to work harder to earn more money,
and people working harder for world peace.
Within the many years of Olympics, women was able to gain acceptance and respect from others.
From this gain, women were beginning to attend the Olympic games. In document 2, a picture taken
in 1908 was given a caption, "2 percent of the athletes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Regardless of who takes home the medals, corporations from the United States, Japan, and some
other countries stand to make a lot of gold at the Seoul Olympics," (cite Doc #7), what the
newspaper meant by that was that even though some won gold, the corporations that helped
broadcast have earned them gold as well. Though these corporations were a big help in the
Olympics and it made a really big influence in the Olympics now, some corporations may have
taken advantage of the Olympics just to make profit. Document 9's bar graph was given a title "Fees
Paid to the International Olympic Committee for International TV and Radio Broadcast Rights" and
with the bar graph we can see that during 1980 to 2000 the countries paid more and more to
promote the olympics. This graph might have also been made because they wanted to show how
people worked harder to help make the Olympic more popular and be watched by different people
around the world to help show our world is developing into a more diverse society. Lots of people
worked hard to promote the Olympics and some did it just to help the Olympics and some others
took advantage of this event.
From the Olympics, people were able to try to bring peace and unity to the world. Pierre de
Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympic movement, gave a speech to the Athletic Society of
France and his speech showed he thought the Olympics brought peace to the

Modern Dance, By Miriam Giguere
Contemporary dance was developed in the early 20th century as a movement against the rigid
technique of ballet (Blackfish Arts Acadamy, 2006). Using the natural lines of the body to create
new movements, the contemporary dance style usually has more fluidity than that of conventional
dance styles (Freeman, 2013). In the book 'Beginning Modern Dance', Miriam Giguere says 'The
function of dance is communication. . . . By communication is not meant to tell a story or to project
an idea, but to communicate experience by means of action . . . out of this came a different use of
the body as an instrument, as the violin is an instrument. Body is the basic instrument, intuitive,
instinctive. As a result an entirely contemporary set of technics was evolved.' (Giguere, 2014).
A forerunner in the changing face of modern dance was choreographer and performer Martha
Graham. Graham took up dance at the age of 22, during the time when women were fighting for the
right to vote (Mapes, 2013). Being both shorter and older than most dancers, Graham had to use her
body in a different way to the others at the Denishawn School of dance. This went against all of the
principles that female dancers had originally been taught (Mapes, 2013). Over the duration of her
career, Graham created one of the only sets of technique that is still practiced in today's
contemporary style (Mapes, 2013). Focusing on two main principles, contraction and release,
Graham's technique was strikingly different to that of

The History Of Wrestling
Wrestling is a sport which was developed from ancient Olympic Games. In today's world sports
such as baseball, soccer, or football are common and have many fans; however, wrestling has
history. In understanding ancient history, the Greco–Roman society and how they held Olympic
Games is important in realizing wrestling is an extremely competitive sport. As time passed,
wrestling begins to become modern and incorporated into the Athens Olympic Games in 1896,
which included the Greco–Roman wrestling style (Wikipedia, 2017). The first time free style
wrestling is found in the history of wrestling is documented in 1904 at the St. Louis Olympic Games
(Wikipedia, 2016). Wrestling has been a controversial sport and was removed from the 2020
Olympic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He is considered an iconic figure in wrestling. Mr. Gable was from the state of Iowa. In his
wrestling career, he only lost once to Larry Owings of the University of Washington in the NCAA
finals his senior year while attending Iowa State University. He continued a wrestling career. Dan
Gable won multiple national and world championships. And, in 1972, Mr. Gable won the gold
medal at the Munich, Germany 1972 Olympic Games. During the 1972 Olympic Games, he had to
wrestle 21 qualification matches, and he pinned twelve of his opponents. Overall he earned 131
points, which is outstanding. He only lost one pin or point during the entire Olympic Games. After
the Olympics, he began a coaching career at the University of Iowa. He coached from 1976–1997.
While coaching, Dan Gable won more games than any coach prior to him. He was able to win 15
NCAA National titles with the teams he coached. As a coach, he aided in the development of 152
All–American wrestlers, 106 Big Ten Champions, 45 National Champions, and 12 Olympians. Mr.
Gable set the bar high for all wrestlers to meet their personal potential and taught them to wrestle
with

The War During The Cold War Essay
As the Second World War came to a close and American and Soviet forces marched into German
territory, both states understood that shortly thereafter their common foe would be defeated and their
relationship very well could deteriorate. Even prior to the United States' entrance into the war,
media companies and state officials themselves spoke out against the "evils" of communism, though
that rhetoric was put on hold as the Soviet Union and America fought alongside one another against
the Axis powers. As Rider points out, while "the U.S. propaganda apparatus was almost totally
dismantled" at the war's end, Truman still "wanted to ensure that 'other peoples receive[d] a full and
fair picture of American life,'" which became the basis for the substantial psychological war both the
Soviets and Americans engaged in throughout the Cold War. While a considerable amount of
attention in historical academia has been given to the proxy wars, space race, and arms build–up
both states took part in, parallel to said competitions were those at the Olympics. Rider did an
excellent job of exploring the role of sports, athletes, and particularly the media in the propagandist
battle both states waged, discussing the numerous individuals, various committees, and notable
confrontations between the USSR and the USA in the realm of sports. Propaganda had long been a
tool that governments and private institutions alike used to promote images, either to paint
themselves in a positive light or to

An Analysis Of Frank Lloyd Wright On Architecture, And...
In life, there are things that happen to us; all of us or some of us that are beyond comprehension and
that leave a lasting impact into our lives. Some of the things are a glimpse of what the future could
imply to us and form a platform from which important things will be built. In the last few centuries,
the dancing industry in the world had not been considered as an important art, and therefore,
dancing was basically done informally for entertaining oneself or for layman's reasons. That was
until a girl was born at the end of the of the 18th century, a girl who would grow into prominence as
far as dancing was concerned; revolutionizing the dance world and setting new platforms through
which modern dance would be established. Her influence on the dance and choreography would last
for over seven decades, and her influence has been reminiscent to that of Picasso on the modern
visual arts, Frank Lloyd Wright on architecture, and Stravinsky on music. The name of this girl who
went from heights to heights and established the modern dancing and choreography in the world
was Martha Graham.
Martha Graham was an American dancer and choreographer, born in the city of Allegheny, which
would later become part of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. However, when Martha turned fourteen years
old, her family moved to Santa Barbara, California. Her father was an "alienist," a practitioner of an
early form of psychiatry, or what could be described as using physical movements to treat physical

Interview With Martha Graham 's Life As A Dancer And...
Interview With Martha Graham Celia (interviewer): Hello, Martha. Today we are going to be
interviewing you about your life as a dancer and choreographer. Are you ready Martha
(interviewee): Yes, let's start. Question 1 C: What was it like during the time and place you lived in?
M: I was born on May 11, 1894 in Allegheny City, which later became a part of Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania. It was a very industrial city with many churches, social organizations, factories,
commercial areas, and packing houses. It also had numerous job opportunities for German
immigrants. My family eventually moved to Santa Barbara, California when I was fourteen. Whilst
there, much renovation occurred at the Church, mostly in the sanctuary. I saw my very first dance
performance at the Mason Opera House in Los Angeles, which is about 95 miles away from Santa
Barbara. I moved to New York in 1925 to attend the Eastman School of Music, and that's where I
did a lot of my work. There was a depression in the 1890s, and because of that immigration rose
from 3.5 million to 9 million. Immigrants kept coming from Northern and Western Europe, but we
started receiving immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe, including Latin America and
Canada. Immigration eventually decreased in 1914 because of the war, and later in the 1920s with
its immigration restrictions. Speaking of the war, it was very hard for everyone around the world.
World War I was the first global war in history and it put the central

Greek Cultural Values
What role have social and cultural values and ideas played in shaping artistic expression from the
Greeks to modern civilization?
Social and cultural values and ideas played a critical role from the Greeks to modern civilization.
Today, I will discuss how social and cultural values played a critical role from the Greeks to modern
society. The legacy of Greek culture is significant and continues to influence our culture today. The
Greeks introduced our modern civilization to numerous ideas and values. Some of them include
detail to sculptures, patterns on pottery, and the introduction to materials that we still use today.
Greek art, literature, music, and political thought are other ideas and values we inherited from the
Greeks continue to influence us today.
Amongst the many influences of Greece was Greek art. The idea of "beauty" was originated in
Greece and is still used today. During the classical era artists made significant innovations–that went
beyond the traditional styles. Majority of our modern artistic expressions today was heavily
influenced by the Greeks. The Greeks had great interest in scientific specifications. Which helped
develop their accurate proportions when making their sculptures. One of the ideas and values we
learned from the Greeks that is still used today are beauty in the human form along with accurate
proportions. Greek artists were focused on making the human body as real as possible. The Greeks
obsession with the human body was a great

The White Star Line
At this time, the means of mass transportation moved out to the ocean which is why they existed to
carry many people for these ships' maiden voyages. Three different stratifications of society were
able to travel by the waterways, as in the Titanic there were the three uniquely designed decks to
meet each passengers' financial expectations and lifestyles. The interior designing of three of The
White Star Line ships were remotely similar as they may have one–upped each other as the previous
ship sunk. Harland and Wolff were a responsible shipbuilding company and these three ships were
amongst many that were built by them in their time. A very fascinating detail about the sinkings'
would be that the stewardess, Miss Violet Constance Jessop, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The hull or the bottom structure of the ship weighed half of that amount of steel. For being so large
it was designed to only travel at the speed of 20–22 knots. On June 14, 1911, The Olympic officially
entered the ocean workforce being the ninth out of fourteen four–shacked ocean liners ever to be
built, her maiden voyage was made a few days later to New York in exactly 5 days, 16 hours, and 42
minutes traveling on average 21.7 knots.However it was launched into viewing before the sailing on
the same day as the Titanic's maiden voyage beginning May 31,1911. As this cruise liners was
pulling out of the port, The Titanic for the first time was revealed as was her date of sailing the
following year as it still had some adjustments to be made. On this maiden voyage it was taken
under consideration for The White Star Lines' next cruise liner the Titanic that the Promenade deck
have added more rooms as there is too much space on this deck and that the passengers wouldn't be
the only ones to occupy the spacing. It was Bruce Ismay who made the order to fix spacing issues
that were solved to only hold more people than just letting the space be wasted. An interesting fact
about this ship is that in many of the books that show the Titanic are not really pictures of the
Titanic because it really didn't get that much paparazzi and that she never came back from the
maiden voyage, the books usually showed

Modern Day Olympics Dbq
There are quite a few factors that shaped the modern–day Olympics from 1892 to 2002. Pierre de
Coubertin states that he wanted to create the Olympics to spread world peace. He does this by
substituting war for friendly sports competitions (doc 1). Of course, there were some bumps in the
road while trying to achieve this utopia. Some factors that have changed the Olympics are the
allowing of women being able to compete in the Olympics, women's suffrage, nationalism, wars,
and economic conditions (doc 2–7). Women have gone through a lot during this time frame:
women's suffrage, feminism, and more. Despite these instances, women's rights have increased from
1908 to 1992. In 1908, 2% of the competitors were women (doc 2). This number of women ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Japan was undergoing a mini–depression in the economic department. This was due to the
aftershock of World War 2. The Japanese mayor, Ryotaro Azuma, knew they were going through an
economic depression, so he wanted the Olympics to be held in Japan. Furthermore, the Olympics
were later held in Japan in 1972. Afterward, Azuma was greatly satisfied and content with the
outcome. Japan was, again, part of the worldwide trade and the economy flourished. He believes
that the companies, that deal with the Olympics, have saved him (doc 4). This also relates to the fees
paid by the United States to air the Olympics on TV and radio broadcasts. In 1996, the Olympics
were held in Atlanta and the money spent on the social media increased by about 135% from 1988
(doc 7). It can be inferred that the Olympics can revive nations; therefore, the United States agreed
to pay more money since the Olympics were held in Atlanta, Georgia. The spending of money was
being carried over to the 2000 Olympics, as well. Throughout this journey, many factors had an
impact on the Olympics. Some of the factors that changed the modern day Olympics are women
competitors, women's suffrage, nationalism, wars, and economic conditions. An increase of
women's rights was given, pride for the nations was shown, wars still occurred, and economies have
flourished. The longer the Olympic Games have aged, the closer the world's state is to Pierre's

Ancient Olympic Gamges to Modern Day Olympic Games Essay
Spectators from all over the world have gathered together on one stage, leaving no seat empty in the
grand arena. Cheers could be heard from all over the stadium as athletes from different towns and
cities come out. These people, trained and ready, have come from throughout the land, gathered
together in one spot to compete against one another. This was no simple competition. Not only is it
for the people, but it is also for the gods, to see who will be declared victor amongst those who call
themselves the finest over the rest. The moment the runner wielding the torch enters the stadium,
everyone waits and watches in earnest anticipation. The cauldron is lit by the Olympic flame and the
arena thunders with applause and hurrahs. The games ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another reason as to why the ancient games are regarded highly is because Persian king Xerxes, "on
hearing that Olympia awarded only wreath prizes, marveled that Greeks competed not for material
reward, but "only for honor"" (Kyle 34). The games were often associated with "physical effort, fair
competition..., and sacred truce" (Callebat 556). The ancient games were meant to create a sense of
peace for festivities dedicated to their gods. To do something underhanded was not justifiable.
Ancient Greece was not a unified state at the time of its birth up until the Macedonia king, Philip the
II, conquered it. It was originally split up into many city–states, such as Sparta and Athens, which
would fight amongst each other. At one point, the ancient games existed but it eventually went away
due to all the conflict. However, according to Pausanias, a Greek traveler and geographer, the
ancient games were brought back because "Greece was grievously worn [down from the] internal
strife and plague" ("DESCRIPTION OF GREECE"). This is further supported by another Greek
lyric poet, Pindar, who wrote "under the power of noble joys, malignant pain is subdued and dies,
whenever god–sent Fate lifts prosperity on high" ("Pindar"). "Noble joys" could be interpreted as
the festivities and the games while the "malignant pain" could

What Are The Characteristics Of Western Civilization
Characteristics of Western Civilization can be found in many different ancient civilizations. Ancient
Greece has had the most influence on western civilization. Aspects of western civilization such as
philosophy, Western values, and science were all influenced by ancient Greek. The roots of western
civilization can be traced back to four thousand years ago, in ancient Greece.
Philosophy opened a whole different way of thinking. Socrates the father of western philosophy;
started a chain reaction when he taught Plato, who taught Aristotle, who would later tutor Alexander
the Great. Socrates believed that a life that was unexplored and questioned was not worth living.
Unlike many philosophers who questioned the physical world and how to explain ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Westerns values their traditions. In the United States, sports is a huge. This can be said for all of
Western Civilization. Every four years they come together and the Olympics, a sporting event
happens. This event unifies the five inhabited continents in the world. Ancient Olympics originated
in Greece. The Olympics also unified Greece's city–States. Like now the Olympic Games were a
form of entertainment that came from their values and beliefs. Ancient Olympics started to honor of
the God Zeus. The athletes that won were praised; their victory not only brought honor to
themselves but to their cities as well. This is similar to what it is like when someone wins a medal in
the modern Olympics. It is obvious that sports was an important aspect of Greek culture. It was
everywhere, in their art works it was there culture. One of the most famous sculpture is The Discus
Thrower by Myron. Myron became famous for his representations of athletes through art. The arts
and sports can be seen as very different things, however, the Greeks learned their values from them.
The sports taught them to value their bodies and strength. They also learned values from the Dramas
(plays), tragedies and comedies. The tragedies consisted of tragic events happening to the main
character and comedy was a form of slapstick. Antigone a tragedy by Sophocles showed values
including power, family, and willingness. In the

19th Century Swimming
Swimming became a true sport in the 19th century when Great Britain began to start holding
competitions to see who could get from one side of the pool to the other the fastest. The first type of
stroke that they used was breaststroke because that was the easiest way to swim at the time while
still being able to breathe. As time progressed the British started using a stroke called the forward
crawl with a scissor kick, however a man named Frederick Cavill in 1887 traveled to the South Seas
and saw people using the forward crawl but with a flutter kick which is now our modern day
freestyle. Swimming first became featured in the Olympics in 1896 and the only strokes that were
raced were Freestyle and Breaststroke. Backstroke was added in 1904

Classical Western History
The Foundation of the United States
Throughout Classical Western history, certain civilizations have prospered more than others. The
strongest civilizations adopt the best practices of past cultures while also developing innovative
practices. America's civilization is an excellent example. It has taken the best practices of many past
civilizations, such as those of Greece and Rome, to become what many would say is the greatest
civilization in history. In fact, while Greece has contributed to the modern makeup of the United
States, Rome's civilization was more influential due to its democratic principles, emphasis on trade
in order to expand the empire, and development of common experiences to unite society.
Democracy began with the Greeks, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Greece established a platform for the beginning of democracy. The Romans used these ideas and
expanded upon them to form a government with written laws, division of power and the ability to
vote which are all key elements in the US modern government. Also, Greece founded trade routes
that allowed their empire to thrive, but Rome again improved the method of trade by creating
currency as well as a system of roads which allowed their empire to expand. The complex trade and
transportation system of the US is a further developed version of this Roman system. Finally,
Greeks united their culture through sporting competitions and the Romans further developed their
common culture by popularizing sporting arenas and spreading religion which are also significant
aspects of US culture. Global success today continues to occur when countries emulate the best of
what the world shows

Sex Testing And Gender Fraud: Analysis
Sex testing and gender fraud have been major issues in modern Olympic Games. There are contexts
in which we can analyse the sources from the past. The narrative that will be used to analyse three
sources from around the time sex testing was introduced to international sport is that of Jaime
Schultz's chapter on Women's Sport and Questionable Sex (2014, p.103). Schultz writes from the
perspective that appears to be a feministic point of view. The sources that will be analysed are two
letters, and one newspaper article.
The first letter is one sent by Arthur Porritt to Avery Brundage from November 1966. Porritt states
that the first sex test actually took place in the 1966 Commonwealth Games, not the European
Athletic Championships, that Schultz's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This article states "that all athletes will have to undergo strict sex determination tests before they
will be permitted to compete" in the Winter Games and the Summer Games. Schultz's chapter states
that it was experimented with in the 1968 Winter Games, but was adopted for all female athletes,
and no male athletes at the Summer Games. This means that the International Olympic Committee
had changed their mind about how the sex testing was going to be used at the Olympic Games from
the time the article was written to the time of the Olympic Games. This article exposes Russian
athletes as the main culprits of gender fraud as many leading athletes did not show at the European
Games when sex testing was introduced. Schultz believes that this could have been due to
stereotypes created during the Cold War era where Soviet female athletes were deemed to be
masculine by American and British media (Schultz, 2014). Schultz however argues that these
athletes do not conform to the Western perceptions of how women 'should' look and that this was
the reason why some questions were raised over their

Ancient Greek Society
Ancient Greece society evolved around their sports. In fact, they created the Olympics. Played by
mostly men and boys, the sports were to make sure they were in shape. For people in the army,
sports would be played to not only keep you fit, but to also prepare you for war. They had to be able
to march long distances, hold heavy weapons along with the heavy equipment, and then to fight.
The ancient Olympics were very significantly and were held in Olympia. Unlike the modern
Olympics, though, competitors were only from the Greek towns. They started as a one–day event
until 684 BC it became a three–day event. The games included running, long jump, shot put, javelin,
boxing, pankration and equestrian events. Over 50,000 people could sit and watch

In 1894 the Modern Olympic Games were created in order to...
In 1894 the Modern Olympic Games were created in order to gain back popularity for France that
was lost during the Franco–Prussian War but since then countries have found themselves slipping
into the Political Olympics. In 777 B.C. the Ancient Olympics were created in order to show the
athletic abilities and the evolution of humans and to encourage peace among the cities of Greece.
The Modern Olympics were created in the late 1800's in order to redeem France after their loss in
the Franco–Prussian War, since that point the Games have been politically motivated. The Olympics
bring increased public attention and publicity to the country hosting them. China, Germany, and
Russia along with many other countries have used this to their ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
from competing and were forced to follow strict rules as to who could even attend the Games. The
Games were brought to an end in 393 AD when Emperor Theodosius banned all "pagan cults." The
Ancient Olympics were held for a total of one thousand one hundred and sixty nine years. 1870
marked the beginning of the Franco–Prussian War. This war was fought between France and Prussia
with Germany as Prussia's ally. France was soon defeated and was forced to give up Alsace and
Lorraine in addition to paying reparations to Germany totaling five billion francs of gold. France
was now forced to face a unified Germany who soon became their enemy. The Franco–Prussian
created a serious state of crisis between the new German Empire and the new French Republic.
There were several failed attempts to bring back the Ancient Olympics for hundreds of years after
they were banned, but in a new modern way. In 1890 Pierre de Coubertin began his attempt to create
the Modern Olympic Games. Coubertin looked back on the Franco–Prussian war with shameful
eyes. He blamed France's loss of the war on the inadequate physical levels of the French soldiers.
While France was focusing their students on Greek and Latin classics, Germany was instilling a
sense of athleticism into their citizens at a very young age. France did not lose the Franco–Prussian
war solely on their poor physical condition

The Ancient And Modern Olympics
Have you ever wondered where the idea of the Olympics has started? The Ancient and Modern
Olympics are a turning point in history. The Olympics played a huge role in society, and was
different yet similar both in ancient times and modern time, but had stopped for a while, made a
comeback, and has started a breakthrough in the world of sports. Events like the Olympics brings
each country together all supporting each other. It combines passion with hard work and pride to
compete in the Olympics. Here is how the Olympics has evolved and made a breakthrough. First of
all, during ancient times the Olympics were different from what you see today. The first ancient
Olympics dates back to 776BC. The Olympics are named after the place they originated, ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first modern Olympics was held in Athens, Greece in 1896. There were 280 competitors from
13 nations. All competitors were male. Other than in Ancient Greece women were allowed to watch
because the male competitors were clothed. There were forty–three events being competed in. The
events include track and field, gymnastics, swimming, wrestling, cycling, tennis, and weightlifting,
shooting and fencing. Judges are members of respective International Sports Federations, which are
non–governmental organizations recognized by the International Olympic Committee for being in
charge of a sport on an international level. Later many sporting events were added and all people
were allowed to compete. The official symbol of the modern Games was made with a white
background and with five interlocking colored rings, representing the continents of North and South
America, Asia, Africa, Europe and Australia. The Winter Olympics debuted in 1924 and included
such events as figure skating, ice hockey, bobsledding and the biathlon. In the Modern Olympics
wins get either a gold medal (for 1st place), a bronze medal (for 2nd place), and a bronze medal (for
3rd place). Athletes can get money for placing. Different countries offer different amounts of money
to the athletes, and the winnings actually vary greatly. Some countries, like the United Kingdom,
don't offer money to the medalist at all. However, in the United States of America Gold medal
winners receive $25,000 before taxes. Silver medal winners receive $15,000, and bronze winners
receive $10,000. For team sports like gymnastics, the winnings are not split among members each
athlete receives the winning amount. Eighty years later, when the 2004 Summer Olympics returned
to Athens for the first time in more than a century, nearly 11,000 athletes from a record 201
countries competed. In a gesture that joined both ancient and modern Olympic traditions, the

Sports Architecture in Modern China: a Comparison Between...
Sports Architecture in Modern China
A comparison between 2008 Olympic venues and 1990 Asian Games venues
Introduction
Hosting the 2008 Olympic Games is monumental in Chinese history, almost a century ago, Chinese
scholars dreamed of the Olympics being staged in China, which marks sovereignty and power of the
country in a global view. Therefore, when the long time expectation is about to become real, the
primary goal for Chinese government and citizens is to show the best part of China to the world.
This paper focuses on what and how the Chinese have done in order to accomplish the mission of
hosting a successful game. A number of Olympic architectures are reviewed in terms of their
locations, the cultural ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Selection of the National Stadium had been modified and second thought over and over. In the
1950th, Chinese government officials assigned Wukesong area to be the future site for National
Stadium. While the Asian Games Village and other stadiums were constructed, that area was saved
for National Stadium for China was planning to bid for the 2000 Olympic Games. On March 1999,
an Olympic venue location selection committee was founded, and the members brought up 3 plans,
which are to build the primary venues on the north part, east part, or southeast of Beijing. The
committee eventually reached an agreement that is the center of 2008 Olympics (known as the
Olympic Green) must be located on the north side, adjacent to the central axis, by doing this China
shows the world how Chinese people cares about the Olympics. One question was raised among
experts though, which regards with the extended central axis. For instance, Peng Peigen, a
Canadian––nationality professor with Qinghua University, said the traditional central axis of Beijing
is a real one with large buildings on it, such as the Tiananmen Tower, the Forbidden City and the
Drum Tower. Now the extended axis does not have any landmark buildings on it, which doesn't
comply with the designing style of Chinese cities. Other members of the judging panel of the design
competition for the Olympic Green, agreed that the

Loie Fuller's Influence On American Dance
1. INTRODUCTION
"Dance first. Think Later. It's the natural Order"
– Samuel Beckett.
With the onset of 20th century was the beginning of the modern dance. It was born in America due
to a reason of an agitation against the two forms of dance which has been prevailing for a long time,
vaudeville and ballet. Loie Fuller, Isadora Duncan, Ruth St. Denis and Ted Shawn were the
forerunners of modern dance in America. Each had a different way of being unique and representing
the art form of modern dance in his or her own way. Where Loie Fuller began experimenting with
effects of gas lighting on silk costumes, Isadora Duncan discarded the slippers and adapted a new
kind of dress form more of which will be discussed later and so on.
During the 1920s, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For such great compositions, she was awarded a few accolades as stated below.
1957 – Elected as a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1976 – Awarded as the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Gerald Ford
1987 – Was inducted into the National Museum of Dance's Mr. & Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt
Whitney Hall of Fame [Cross, Mary (ed). One Hundred People who Changed 20th–century
America. p. 156.]
1998 – Named as 'Dancer of the Century' by Time Magazine.
3.7 Legacy
Martha Graham surely is correctly called as 'Mother of Modern Dance' because of her outstanding
and most illustrious career. She has influenced a layman to a politician with a weapon of dance. She
has taken the art – form dance to another level. The amount of work she has done, all of which can't
be mentioned here, she has left enough legacy to support and inspire others and to allow them to
have an idea of evolution which she began with. She lets people interpret and communicate what
she is trying to craft from her dance and

Modern Olympic Games Boycotts
From the beginning of the modern Olympic Games in 1896 the games have been the essence of how
sports can directly affect politics. "The Olympic Games are arguably the most popular multi–
sporting event in the world. As of 2010, twenty–three Nations and thirty–nine separate cities have
hosted the Olympics since its revival in 1896" (Saum 8). The 1980 and 1984 Olympic Games has
been labeled as a "case study", examining the relationship between sports and politics, and how they
affect each other. Some argue that the United States purposely boycotted the 1980 Olympics as a
low risked protest against the Soviet Union's invasion into Afghanistan, and also displaying the
success of both capitalism and socialism. At the end of the 1984 Olympic Games the United States
came out victorious with a more economically successful Olympic Games then the Soviet Union's,
who held the 1980 Olympic Games. Thus, concluding the triumph of Capitalism over socialism. In
The Political Olympics: Moscow, Afghanistan, and the 1980 U.S. Boycott, Derick Hulme states that
"The peripheral relationship of sport to international relations allows leaders to turn to it, aware that
its use will be relatively low risk, especially as evaluated against its potential benefits" (Hulme 14).
In other words the 1980 and 1984 Olympic Games were a way for the United States and Soviets to
send low risk political statements. The outcome of the games were not going to cause all out war or
even decided the Cold war,

Greek Sports Vs Roman Games

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Lisa Brown

More from Lisa Brown (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Greek Sports Vs Roman Games