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El Futuro
 Formation:

future
stem + future ending
 For most verbs, the
future stem is the
infinitive.
 Verbs that have an
accent mark in the
infinitive lose this
mark in the future.

Subject

Ending

yo

-é

tú

-ás

él, ella, Ud.

-á

nosotros

-emos

vosotros

-éis

ellos, ellas,
Uds.

-án
Irregular Future Stems
Infinitive

Future Stem

Infinitive

Future Stem

poder

podr-

decir

dir-

poner

pondr-

hacer

har-

salir

saldr-

querer

querr-

tener

tendr-

haber

habr-

venir

vendr-

saber

sabr-
Uses of Future Tense
To describe events that will/ will not happen some time in
the future
El tren saldrá a la una. (The plane will leave at
one.)
Yo hablaré con el profesor por la mañana. (I will
talk to the teacher in
the morning.)
To express the result, what will happen if certain condition
is met.
Si el bús no llega, tomaremos un taxi. (If the bus
does not come, we
will take the taxi.)
To express the guess about the present (future of
probability)
Donde estará mamá? (I wonder where mom is.)
Irá de comprás. (She is probably shopping.)
Practice
~Form following sentences using future tense~






Uds./ subir/ en diez minutos
Yo/ hacer tarea/ después de comer
Si no romperte la pierna/ tú/ bailar
conmigo
Los turistas/ estar/ japoneses
Si graduarnos del colegio/ viajar durante
el verano
Answer Key
1.
2.
3.

4.
5.

Uds. subirán en diez minutos. (You will rise in
10 minutes.)
Haré tarea después de comer. (I will do the
homework after eating.)
Si no te rompes la pierna, bailarás conmigo.
(If you don’t break your leg, you will dance with
me.)
Los turistas estarán japoneses. (The tourists
are probably Japanese.)
Si nos graduamos del colegio, viajaremos
durante el verano. (If we graduate from high
school, we will travel during the summer.)
El Condicional
 Formation:

future
stem + conditional
ending
 Verbs that are
irregular in future
have the same
irregular stem in
conditional.

Subject

Ending

yo

-ía

tú

-ías

él, ella, Ud.

-ía

nosotros

-íamos

vosotros

-íais

ellos, ellas,
Uds.

-ían
Uses of Conditional
 To

express what would/ would not happen if
certain conditional were met


Con más dinero, compraría un vestido elegante. (With
more money (but I don’t have it), I would buy an elegant
dress.)

 To

make polite requests, using gustar, poder,
deber


Podría ayudarme? (Could you help me?)

 To

wonder or express guess about the past
(conditional probability)


Serían las dos. (It was probably two o’clock.)
Comparison of Conditional and Future
 Conditional

is used to describe future events in
relation to a point of reference in the past.
Declarative Verb

Future Event

Present

future

Past (preterite, imperfect)

conditional

1. Future
•

Me dices que ella llegará a las tres. (You tell me that she
will arrive at three.)

2. Conditional
•

Me dijiste que ella llegaría a las tres. (You told me that
she would arrive at three.)
Practice
~Form the following sentences using “If I could
choose”: “Si pudiera escoger”~

Hacerse famoso o rico
 Tomar el examen de español o
descansar a la casa
 Cenar con su familia o con sus amigos
 Trabajar el banco o en el hospital

Answer Key
1.
2.

3.

4.

Si pudiera escoger, me haría famoso (rico). (If
I could choose, I would be…)
Si pudiera escoger, tomaría el examen de
español (descansaría en la casa). (If I could
choose, I would take a Spanish exam or rest at
the house.)
Si pudiera escoger, cenaría con mi familia
(mis amigos). (If I could choose, I would have
a dinner with my family/ my friends.)
Si pudiera escoger, trabajaría en el banco (en
el hospital). (If I could choose, I would work at
a bank or at a hospital.)
El Pluscuamperfecto





Formation: imperfect of
haber + past participle
To describe what had
happened before another
past event
 Nunca antes
habíamos visitado
Francía. (We had
never visited France
before.)
Too reference in the past
tense to a past event in
the indirect speech
 Se anunciaron que el
avión había llegado.
(They announced that
the plane had arrived.)

Subject

Haber Imperfect

yo

había

tú

habías

él, ella, Ud.

había

nosotros

habíamos

vosotros

habíais

ellos, ellas,
Uds.

habían
Practice
~Tell what happened to the following
people~
Yo/ llamar/ mi amiga/ ella/ salir de casa
 Ud./ llegar al hotel/ cerrar
 Los padres/ regresar a la casa/ la hija/
comer/ la torta

Answer Key
Cuando llamé mi amiga, ella ya había
salido de casa. (When I called my friend,
she had already left the house.)
2. Cuando Ud. llegó al hotel, ya había
cerrado. (When you arrived to the hotel, it
had already closed.)
3. Cuando los padres regresaron a la casa,
la hija ya había comido la torta. (When
parents came back home, the daughter
had already eaten the cake.)
1.
El Futuro Perfecto
~Future Perfect~



Formation: future of haber Subject
+ past participle
To express what would
have happened by a
certain point in time




El avión habrá aterrizado
dentro de una hora. (The air
plane will have landed in an
hour.)

To express a guess or to
suppose what may have
happened in the past


Paco llegó con retraso.
Habrá perdido un tren.
(Paco arrived late. He may
have missed a train.)

Future of Haber

yo

habré

tú

habrás

él, ella, Ud.

habrá

nosotros

habremos

vosotros

habréis

ellos, ellas,
Uds.

habrán
Practice
~Tell whether the following statements would have
happened by the given point~

Esta noche a las seis/ ella/ empezar la
tarea
 Dentro de diez años/ casarte
 Esta fin de semana/ Ud./ asistir tres
fiestas
 Al fin de próximo verano/ nosotros/
aprender español perfectamente

Answer Key
1.

2.
3.

4.

Esta noche a las seis, ella habrá empezado su
tarea. (This evening at 6, she will have started
her homework.)
Dentro de diez años, te habrás casado. (In ten
years, you will have been married.)
Para el fin de semana, Ud. habrá asistido tres
fiestas. (By the weekend, you will have attended
three parties.)
Al fin de próximo verano, nosotros habremos
aprendido español perfectamente. (By the end
of the next summer, we will have learned
Spanish perfectly.)

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Chapter 10

  • 1.
  • 2. El Futuro  Formation: future stem + future ending  For most verbs, the future stem is the infinitive.  Verbs that have an accent mark in the infinitive lose this mark in the future. Subject Ending yo -é tú -ás él, ella, Ud. -á nosotros -emos vosotros -éis ellos, ellas, Uds. -án
  • 3. Irregular Future Stems Infinitive Future Stem Infinitive Future Stem poder podr- decir dir- poner pondr- hacer har- salir saldr- querer querr- tener tendr- haber habr- venir vendr- saber sabr-
  • 4. Uses of Future Tense To describe events that will/ will not happen some time in the future El tren saldrá a la una. (The plane will leave at one.) Yo hablaré con el profesor por la mañana. (I will talk to the teacher in the morning.) To express the result, what will happen if certain condition is met. Si el bús no llega, tomaremos un taxi. (If the bus does not come, we will take the taxi.) To express the guess about the present (future of probability) Donde estará mamá? (I wonder where mom is.) Irá de comprás. (She is probably shopping.)
  • 5. Practice ~Form following sentences using future tense~      Uds./ subir/ en diez minutos Yo/ hacer tarea/ después de comer Si no romperte la pierna/ tú/ bailar conmigo Los turistas/ estar/ japoneses Si graduarnos del colegio/ viajar durante el verano
  • 6. Answer Key 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Uds. subirán en diez minutos. (You will rise in 10 minutes.) Haré tarea después de comer. (I will do the homework after eating.) Si no te rompes la pierna, bailarás conmigo. (If you don’t break your leg, you will dance with me.) Los turistas estarán japoneses. (The tourists are probably Japanese.) Si nos graduamos del colegio, viajaremos durante el verano. (If we graduate from high school, we will travel during the summer.)
  • 7. El Condicional  Formation: future stem + conditional ending  Verbs that are irregular in future have the same irregular stem in conditional. Subject Ending yo -ía tú -ías él, ella, Ud. -ía nosotros -íamos vosotros -íais ellos, ellas, Uds. -ían
  • 8. Uses of Conditional  To express what would/ would not happen if certain conditional were met  Con más dinero, compraría un vestido elegante. (With more money (but I don’t have it), I would buy an elegant dress.)  To make polite requests, using gustar, poder, deber  Podría ayudarme? (Could you help me?)  To wonder or express guess about the past (conditional probability)  Serían las dos. (It was probably two o’clock.)
  • 9. Comparison of Conditional and Future  Conditional is used to describe future events in relation to a point of reference in the past. Declarative Verb Future Event Present future Past (preterite, imperfect) conditional 1. Future • Me dices que ella llegará a las tres. (You tell me that she will arrive at three.) 2. Conditional • Me dijiste que ella llegaría a las tres. (You told me that she would arrive at three.)
  • 10. Practice ~Form the following sentences using “If I could choose”: “Si pudiera escoger”~ Hacerse famoso o rico  Tomar el examen de español o descansar a la casa  Cenar con su familia o con sus amigos  Trabajar el banco o en el hospital 
  • 11. Answer Key 1. 2. 3. 4. Si pudiera escoger, me haría famoso (rico). (If I could choose, I would be…) Si pudiera escoger, tomaría el examen de español (descansaría en la casa). (If I could choose, I would take a Spanish exam or rest at the house.) Si pudiera escoger, cenaría con mi familia (mis amigos). (If I could choose, I would have a dinner with my family/ my friends.) Si pudiera escoger, trabajaría en el banco (en el hospital). (If I could choose, I would work at a bank or at a hospital.)
  • 12. El Pluscuamperfecto    Formation: imperfect of haber + past participle To describe what had happened before another past event  Nunca antes habíamos visitado Francía. (We had never visited France before.) Too reference in the past tense to a past event in the indirect speech  Se anunciaron que el avión había llegado. (They announced that the plane had arrived.) Subject Haber Imperfect yo había tú habías él, ella, Ud. había nosotros habíamos vosotros habíais ellos, ellas, Uds. habían
  • 13. Practice ~Tell what happened to the following people~ Yo/ llamar/ mi amiga/ ella/ salir de casa  Ud./ llegar al hotel/ cerrar  Los padres/ regresar a la casa/ la hija/ comer/ la torta 
  • 14. Answer Key Cuando llamé mi amiga, ella ya había salido de casa. (When I called my friend, she had already left the house.) 2. Cuando Ud. llegó al hotel, ya había cerrado. (When you arrived to the hotel, it had already closed.) 3. Cuando los padres regresaron a la casa, la hija ya había comido la torta. (When parents came back home, the daughter had already eaten the cake.) 1.
  • 15. El Futuro Perfecto ~Future Perfect~   Formation: future of haber Subject + past participle To express what would have happened by a certain point in time   El avión habrá aterrizado dentro de una hora. (The air plane will have landed in an hour.) To express a guess or to suppose what may have happened in the past  Paco llegó con retraso. Habrá perdido un tren. (Paco arrived late. He may have missed a train.) Future of Haber yo habré tú habrás él, ella, Ud. habrá nosotros habremos vosotros habréis ellos, ellas, Uds. habrán
  • 16. Practice ~Tell whether the following statements would have happened by the given point~ Esta noche a las seis/ ella/ empezar la tarea  Dentro de diez años/ casarte  Esta fin de semana/ Ud./ asistir tres fiestas  Al fin de próximo verano/ nosotros/ aprender español perfectamente 
  • 17. Answer Key 1. 2. 3. 4. Esta noche a las seis, ella habrá empezado su tarea. (This evening at 6, she will have started her homework.) Dentro de diez años, te habrás casado. (In ten years, you will have been married.) Para el fin de semana, Ud. habrá asistido tres fiestas. (By the weekend, you will have attended three parties.) Al fin de próximo verano, nosotros habremos aprendido español perfectamente. (By the end of the next summer, we will have learned Spanish perfectly.)