4. DefinitionTypesSuffixesPlacementPractice
Types: Noun
There are several different types of nouns:
1. Common Nouns
2. Plural Nouns
3. Proper Nouns
4. Abstract Nouns
5. Collective Nouns
6. Other Types of Nouns: Countable, Non-
Countable, Compound, Gerund, Gerund Phrase,
and Infinitives
6. DefinitionTypesSuffixesPlacementPractice
Plural Nouns
• refer to more than one person, place, thing, or idea
• usually the same word with an ‘s’, ‘es’, or ‘ies’ at the end
irregular nouns change spelling when plural
Singular Noun Plural Noun
boy boys
box boxes
tree trees
lady ladies
party parties
it them
7. DefinitionTypesSuffixesPlacementPractice
Proper Nouns
• refer to a specific person, place, thing or idea
• opposite of common nouns
• capitalized
Person Place Thing
Michelle Obama Washington, D.C. Starbucks
Michael Jordan Chicago Disneyland
Gloria Estefan Columbia Statue of Liberty
Donald Trump Mississippi River Mac
Martin Luther King, Jr. Jupiter Mrs. Fields Cookies
8. DefinitionTypesSuffixesPlacementPractice
Abstract Nouns
• the ideas, emotions, and other ‘things’ that you cannot see
• opposite of concrete nouns.
joy grace shame
anger beauty trouble
manners jealously confusion
friendship sadness freedom
childhood stupidity thought
divorce fact fiction
slavery peace love
9. DefinitionTypesSuffixesPlacementPractice
Collective Nouns
• a word that represents a group (of something)
a class of students a range of mountains a cloud of dust
a crowd of spectators a group of islands a catch of fish
a patrol of policemen a party of friends a pack of thieves
a staff of servants a bevy of ladies a body of men
a company of soldiers a congregation of
worshipers
a team of players
11. DefinitionTypesSuffixesPlacementPractice
Noun Placement: Subjects
1. If a noun comes at the BEGINNING of a sentence, it is called the
subject.
A. It answers the question who or what did (performed) the action. (verb)
Emily was drinking the coffee. Who was drinking?
Jose was holding the baby. Who was holding?
Josh had a bottle. Who had?
S
S
S
S
12. DefinitionTypesSuffixesPlacementPractice
Noun Placement: Objects
2. If a noun comes at the END of a sentence, it is called the object
(O); it receives the action and follows the verb.
A. It answers the question who or what
Emily was drinking coffee. What was Emily drinking?
Jose was holding the baby What was Jose holding?
Josh had a bottle. What did Josh have?
O
O
O
O
13. DefinitionTypesSuffixesPlacementPractice
Noun Placement: Subjects
1. If a noun comes at the BEGINNING of a sentence, it is called the
subject.
A. It answers the question who or what did (performed) the action. (verb)
Emily was drinking the coffee. Who was drinking?
Jose was holding the baby. Who was holding?
Josh had a bottle. Who had?
S
S
S
S
15. Definition
Definition: Verbs
1. A verb is a word that tells the action, occurrence, or state
of being in a sentence.
2. A sentence MUST have a verb.
3. A verb tells when something is happening.
4. You can tell a word is a verb because it can change tenses.
(time)
past future
present
16. Definition
A verb can change times.
past, present, future tenses
past present future
had has will have
17. Definition
Definition: Verbs
1. Action Verbs
• if you can make a motion with your body
or
• use a tool to complete an action
2. Mental Verbs
o concepts in a cognitive state
• discovering
• understanding
• thinking
• planning
3. State of Being Verbs
o conditions or situations that exist
• linking verbs
• inactive since no action is being performed
• usually complemented by adjectives
18. Types
Verbs
There are several different types of verbs:
1. Being Verbs
2. Action Verbs
3. Irregular Verbs
4. Modals
5. Phrasal Verbs
6. Auxiliary Verbs
7. Other Types of Verbs: Transitive, Intransitive, Stative,
and Passive Verbs
19. Types
Being Verbs
• describe conditions or situations that exist
• inactive or no action
• also known as linking verbs
• all from the word ‘be’
Person
Past Present Future
I was am will be
you were are will be
he/she/it was is will be
we were are will be
they/them were are will be
Being Verbs: am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been
20. Types
Action Verbs
• specific actions- someone doing something
want use work call try ask
need seem help play move live
believe happen include continued change watch
follow stop create open walk offer
remember consider appear served die stay
reach kill raise pass return explain
hope develop carry receive agree support
produce cover cause close increase represent
reduce note enter share save protect
occur accept determine prepare argue recognize
Most Frequently Used Verbs
22. Types
Irregular Verbs
• words that completely change their spelling or word in different tenses
Base
Form
Past Simple Participle
awake awoke awaken
beat beat beaten
begin began begun
bite bit bitten
blow blew blown
break broke broken
bring brought brought
build built built
buy bought bought
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
Base
Form
Past Simple Participle
come came come
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
do did done
deal dealt dealt
dig dug dug
dream dreamt dreamt
draw drew drawn
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
Most Frequently Used Irregular Verbs
23. Types
Irregular Verbs
• words that completely change their spelling or word in different tenses
Base
Form
Past Simple Participle
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
forget forgot forgotten
forgive forgave forgiven
freeze froze frozen
get got gotten
to went gone
Base
Form
Past Simple Participle
grow grew grown
hang hung hung
have had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
know knew known
lay laid laid
Most Frequently Used Irregular Verbs
24. Types
Irregular Verbs
• words that completely change their spelling or word in different tenses
Base
Form
Past Simple Participle
lead led led
leave left left
lend lent lent
let let let
lie lay lain
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
pay paid paid
put put put
Base
Form
Past Simple Participle
quit quit quit
read read read
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
run ran run
say said said
see saw seen
seek sought sought
sell sold sold
send sent sent
Most Frequently Used Irregular Verbs
25. Types
Irregular Verbs
• words that completely change their spelling or word in different tenses
Base
Form
Past Simple Participle
sew sewed sewn
shake shook shaken
shine shone shone
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
slide slid slid
speak spoke spoken
spend spent spent
spread spread spread
Base
Form
Past Simple Participle
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen
stick stuck stuck
swear swore sworn
sweep swept swept
swim swam swum
take took take
teach taught taught
tell told told
think thought thought
write wrote written
Most Frequently Used Irregular Verbs
26. Types
Auxiliary Verbs
• Auxiliary or Helping verbs are used with a main verb
they show the verb’s tense, or
form a negative or question
• The most common auxiliary verbs are have, be, and do.
HAVE
1. Sometimes ‘have’ can be the main verb of a sentence.
• I have an idea.
• My father has three brothers and two sisters.
• The doctor had a lot of experience.
• He has three Rolls Royces and a Bentley.
• Where are the scissors? Do you have them?
• The house has eight windows and three doors.
• I’ve had three phone calls so far today.
27. Types
Auxiliary Verbs
HAVE
2. Sometimes ‘have’ can be an helping verb.
• I have finished my lunch.
• The president has chosen his new team
• The children had gone home five minutes earlier than usual.
• The president has not yet arrived.
• Have you seen the light Mr. Jones?
• Hasn’t the rain stopped yet?
28. Types
Auxiliary Verbs
HAVE
3. Sometimes ‘have’ can be an modal.
• I have to be at school tomorrow at 8:00 a.m. for a test.
• I have to see a doctor because I feel sick.
• She had to move because she can’t stand the noise.
• He had to open the store early on Black Friday.
• She had to break the window because she forgot her key.
29. Types
Modals
• give extra information about the main verb
• shows certainty, possibility, willingness, obligation, necessity,
and/or ability
• also called auxiliary verbs or helping verbs
100% will
90% must / have to
70% should / ought to
50% may / might / can / could
50% may not / might not
30% shouldn’t
10% can’t
0% wont
Modals of Possibility
never change forms
30. Types
Modals
Function Modal
advice should
ability can / could
assumption must
obligation must / need
offer shall /should
necessity need
permission can / could / may
possibility might
request can / could / will
suggestion can / could / should
willingness can / could / may / might
31. Types
Phrasal Verbs
• a group of words that when used together as a verb has a
different meaning.
• is made up of a verb and a preposition, an adverb, or both
Phrasal Verb Definition
agree with to have the same opinion
back down to give up a fight
boot up to start a computer
calm down to relax, become less angry
get over to recover from an illness or
emotional period
pass out to lose conscience, to faint
try on to put on clothes to see if they
fit
wipe off to clean