The document provides information on Spanish verb conjugations and structures. It discusses: - Verbs with stem changes in the -ar, -er, and -ir forms in the present tense. - Uses of the expressions "ir a + infinitive" to express future actions and "acabar de + infinitive" to express recent actions. - The infinitive used with certain verbs. - Reflexive verbs and their conjugations. Common reflexive verbs are listed. - Uses of the impersonal "se" construction. - Formation and stem changes of the present participle. - The progressive construction using verbs of motion and the present participle.

1. Estructuras
Gramaticales

2. Verbos con cambios en
radical: -ar, -er
Stem Change
infinitive
yo
tú
él,ella, Ud.
nosotros
vosotros
ellos/as, Uds.
e
ie
pensar
pienso
piensas
piensa
pensamos
pensáis
piensan
o
ue
volver
vuelvo
vuelves
vuelve
volvemos
volvéis
vuelvan
u
ue
jugar
juego
juegas
juega
jugamos
jugáis
juegan

3. Verbos con cambios en
el radical: -ir
Stem
Change
e
infinitive
yo
tú
él,ella, Ud.
nosotros
vosotros
sentir
siento
sientes
siente
senimos
sentís
sienten
ellos/as, Uds.
ie
o
ue
dormir
duermo
duermes
duerme
dormimos
dormís
duermen
e
i
pedir
pido
pides
pide
pedimos
pedís
piden

4.  -Ir verbs with changes in the radical have
changes in the third person in the preterite:
Stem
Change
e
e
infinitive
yo
tú
sentir
sentí
sentiste
sintió
sentimos
sentís
sintieron
él,ella, Ud.
nosotros
vosotros
ellos/as, Uds.
ie
i
o
o
ue e
u e
dormir
dormí
dormiste
durmió
dormimos
dormís
durmieron
i
i
pedir
pedí
pediste
pidió
pedimos
pedís
pidieron

5. Practice: Verbos con cambios en el
radical (conjugate)







They think.(pensar)
We dream.(soñar)
He tastes.(probar)
You want.(querer)
I begin.(empezar)
You lied.(mentir)
He repeated.(repetir)

6. Ir a + infinitivo
Use the expression “ir a + infinitive” to to
express what is going to happen.
 Voy a bailar.
I’m going to dance.
 Vamos a pescar.
We are going to fish.
 Vas a comer.
You are going to eat.

7. Acabar de + infinitivo
Use the expression “acabar de + infinitive” to
express what has just happened.
 I have just played.
Acabo de
jugar.
 We just swam.
Acabamos de nadar.
 You just worked.
Acabas de trabajar.

8. Practice: Ir a/Acabar de + infinitivo
(Translate)
I
just ate.
 You will run.
 He just talked.
 We will ski.
 You all just jumped.
 They will make it.

9. La Constucción
infinitivo
 The infinitive may be used with certain
verbs using the following structures:
Main verb + infinitive
Main verb + preposition + infinitive
Espero viajar durante las vacaciones.
 I hope to travel during the vacation.
Aprendemos a esquiar
 We are learning to ski.
Sueñas con ganar el campeonato.
 You dream of winning the champioship.

10. Verbs followed
by the infinitive:






(me) gusta

decidir ( to decide)

desear (to wish)

esperar (to hope)

necesitar (to need)

aprender a (to teach)
enseñar a (to teach)
cesar de (to stop)
dejar de (to quit/stop)
tratar de (try)
consistir en (to consist of)
insistir en (to insist on)
 comenzar(ie) a(to begin)
 vacilar en (to hesitate)
 empezar(ie) a (to begin)
 soñar(ue) con (to dream of

11. Reflexive
verbs
Reflexive verbs are conjugated with reflexive
pronouns that represent the same person
as the subject.
 Non-reflexive:
 Reflexive:
Luis despierta a sus
hermanos.
Luis wakes up his
brothers.
Sus hermanos se
despiertan.
His brothers wake
up (on their own).

12. Reflexive forms
me levanto
nos
levantamos
te levantas
os levantáis
se levanta
se lavantan

13. Reflexives: Position
With infinitive verbs, the pronoun is usually
attached to the end.
Reflexive pronouns may come before certain
congugated verbs such as ir, querer, and
acabar de.
Quiero irme de la ciudad
Me quiero ir de la ciudad.

14. Reflexive Uses (1)
Use to indicate that the subject is
performing to action on or for himself.
 Nos
lavamos antes de cenar.
We wash ourselfs before eating.
 Juan se mira en el espejo.
Juan is looking at himself in the
mirror.

15. Reflexive Uses (1)
Note:
The reflexive pronouns me, te, se, nos are
often expressed in English as myself,
yourself, hiself, or ourselves.
Especially with verbs relating to personal
care, the definite article, not the possessive
article, is often used with body parts and
clothing.
 Te cepillas los dientes.
 Me quito los zapatos.

16. Reflexive Uses
(2)
Use to express physical, mental, and
social condition change. In English, it
may be expressedby verbs such as to
get, to become, to be growing.



Nos levantamos. We are getting up.
Me vuelvo loco. I am becoming crazy.
Alicica se casa. Alicia is getting married.

17. Reflexive Uses (3)
Reflexive verbs are often used idiomatically.
They may correspond to Enlgish nonreflexive verbs.
 Se
queja de todo
He complains about everything.

18. Reflexive Uses (4)
They are used to express reciprocal action.
 Tomás
y Elena se quieren.
Tomás y Elena love one another.
 Nos
escribiremos.
We are going to write each other.

19. Reflexive
Note:
A reflexive construction is sometimes used to
reinforce the meaning of the verb.
El niño come un pedazo de torta.
 The child is eating a piece of cake.
El niño se come toda la torta.
 The child is eating the whole cake (by himself).

20. 














Common Reflexive
Verbs
negarse(ie) (a) toangry
enfadarse to to have fun
divertirse(ie) get refuse
darse cuenta (de) to realize
callarse toto rejoice
alegrarse be quiet/shut up
reunirse (con) to meet
alistarse to get ready
aburrirse to get bored
despedirse(i) (de) to take leave (of)
prepararse to prepare
enojarse to get upset/angry
hacerse to become (job) with
equivocarse toto get busy
ocuparse (de) make a mistake
casarse to getto compain about
quejarse (de)(de) to worry/get worried about
preocuparse married
hallarse to be located angy
olvidarsefurioso to get
ponerse (de) to forget
mudarse to move (homes)
acordarse(ue) (de) to remember

21. Practice: Reflexive
Use
Decide whether the following sentences
need reflexive verbs and then translate:
 I take off my shoes.
 He
 Why
washes his car.
are you getting furious?

22. Impersonal Use of the
Reflexive Pronoun se
The construction “se + verb” is often rendered
in English by passive construction or use of an
impersonal subject such as they, people, one.
 Se
venden pasteles en esa tienda.
Cakes are sold in that store.
 Se habla español aquí.
Spanish is spoken here.
Notice how
the verb
agrees with
the subject.

23. Practice:
Impersonal/Se
Translate:
 French is studied in my school.
 Eating is prohibited here.
 Cars are repared in the workshop.

24. Present Participle Formation
Infinitive
ending
Present participle
ending
-ar
-ando
-er
-iendo
-ir
-iendo

25. Present Participle: Stem
change verbs
-Ar and –er verbs do not have a stem
chanf in the present particple
-Ir verbs have the following changes in
the present particple:
e
o
i
u
Example:
sentir
sintiendo
dormir
durmiendo

26. Present
Participles
Irregulars
The verbs ir, oír, and verbs ending in
-aer, -eer, and -uir (but not -guir) have
endings as -yendo
Infinitive
ir
oír
traer
leer
construir
Present Participle
yendo
oyendo
trayendo
leyendo
construyendo

27. Other irregular
present
participles:
venir
viniendo
poder
pudiendo

28. Use the progressive
construction to emphasize the
ongoing natue of actions:
verb of motion + present participle
Estoy esquiando.
•I am skiing.
¿Por qué estás trabajando?
•Why are you working?

29. Progressive construction may be formed with
verbs of motion (Not just estar) Appropriate
verbs include:

30. Practice: Present
Progressive
Are
you swimming or running
right now?
We
The
are sleeping.
plane is coming.

31. This has
been an ES
Production