Laser drilling, welding, and cutting are important industrial applications of lasers. There are several advantages to laser processing including ease of programming with CNC, high accuracy and precision, and being a non-contact process. Lasers can remove material either through melting or vaporization, with melting requiring around 25% of the energy of vaporization. The type of laser used depends on the pumping technique, with Q-switched ND-YAG lasers used for vaporization and flashlamp pumped ND-YAG lasers used for melting. Different laser drilling techniques like single shot, percussion, and trepanning can produce holes with varying attributes in terms of size, depth, and precision for applications in industries like rubber, silicon

1. Laser in industry
Laser
Drilling Welding Cutting

2. What’s Laser Drilling ?

3. advantages
• Ease of programming ( CNC)
• High accuracy ( accurate surface finish )
• Non contact process (no wearing )
• high production rates ( faster setup time , less tooling )

5. Drilling
Melting Vaporization

6. Melting Vaporization
The energy required to remove material by melting is about
25% of that needed to vaporize the same volume, so a
process that removes material by melting is often favored.

7. What are the types of laser used ?!

8. According to techniques of pumping :
• Vaporization : Q-switched ND-YAG ((neodymium-doped
yttrium aluminium garnet ))
Melting : flashtube Pumped ND-YAG ((neodymium-doped
yttrium aluminium garnet ))

9. Melt expulsion
• It arises as a result of the rapid build up gas pressure . For it to happen a molten
layer must be formed and pressure gradient must be high enough to overcome
surface tension forces .
Melting
expulsion
Fine
Excellent wall
definition
Small heat
affected zone
coarse Quick

10. Different techniques
Single shot percussion trepanning helical

11. Single shot drilling
• Attributes:
Single pulse
High energy
• Produces large no. of holes in extremely short amount of time

12. Percussion drilling
• Attributes:
Multiple short duration pulses
Low energy (compared to single shot pulses)
• deeper holes
• more precise holes

14. On the fly

15. Applications
Rubber Silicon
Medical
devices
Nozzles