Laser apps in industry

1. GOVERMENT VIDARBH INSTITUTE
OF SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES ,
AMARAVATI
Department of physics and
electronics
seminar on
Laser Application In
Industry

2. Laser application in
industry

3. Introduction
Material
interaction
Laser
Cutting
Laser
Welding

4. when a laser beam is incident on metal the radiation is absorbed,
and the material heat up
Depending on the amount of absorbed energy and the interaction
time, the material is melted or vapourize
Laser Intercation with
materials
once the surface of the material absorbes energy, the materail starts
to melt and then vaporize

5. Laser cutting is a technology that uses a high-powered laser to cut materials
with precision. It's commonly used in industrial manufacturing, but it's also
becoming more accessible for small businesses and hobbyists due to
advancements in laser technology and affordability
how it generally works:
Preparation: The design to be cut is created using computer-aided design (CAD)
software. This design is then converted into instructions that the laser cutter can
understand.
Material Setup: The material to be cut is placed on the bed of the laser cutter. Different
materials require different settings to achieve optimal cutting results.
Laser Cutting: The laser cutter emits a concentrated beam of light energy, typically CO2
or fiber lasers, onto the surface of the material. The intense heat of the laser beam
melts, burns, or vaporizes the material along the predetermined cutting path.
The three main types of lasers used for cutting, are CO2, Nd-YAG (Neodymium Yttrium-Aluminum-
Garnet) lasers, and fiber-optic lasers. They differ in the materials used to generate the laser beam.
Laser
cutting

6. laser
cutting

7. Laser welding is a technique that utilizes a highly concentrated beam of
light energy, typically from a laser, to join materials together. It's widely
used in various industries for its precision, speed, and versatility.
how laser welding generally works
A laser beam fall incident on the surfaces to be welded. the surface absorb a
part of the laser radiation in ashort period of time and the material melts. this
leads to welding in this process either, the surface of the material or the beam
relative to each other
Welding Process: When the laser beam strikes the material, it rapidly heats and
melts the metal at the joint interface. The intense heat causes the materials to
fuse together, forming a strong bond as they cool. The process can be performed
in various modes, including conduction mode welding and keyhole welding,
depending on the desired weld characteristics and material properties. a little
bit of body text
LASER WELDING

8. 1)with lasers,very narrow,precise and accurate welding possible.
2)there is no filler material required and hene contamination of the welded
portion avoided and also their is no slag formation.
3)high welding speeds, precise control
over weld parameters, and the ability
to weld a
wide range of materials and thicknesses.
It's commonly used in industries such as
automotive manufacturing, aerospace,
electronics, medical device fabrication,
and jewelry production.
Laser welding
advantages

9. Laser
Drilling
Laser drilling is a manufacturing process that utilizes laser technology to create
precise holes in various materials such as metals, plastics, ceramics, and
composites. This process is widely used in industries such as aerospace,
automotive, electronics, medical devices, and more due to its accuracy, speed,
and versatility.
Drilling Process: The focused laser beam is directed onto the surface of the
material at the desired location. As the beam interacts with the material, it
rapidly heats and vaporizes or melts the material, creating a hole. The material is
removed as either vapor or molten material, depending on the laser parameters
and material properties

10. ADVANTAGES OF LASER
DRILLING
material like gemstone,ceramic etc are hard and brittle in nature.it is extreamely
difficult to drill hole in these material by any of the coventional method . laser is an
excellent tool for such Drilling Process: The focused laser beam is directed onto the
surface of the material at the desired location. As the beam interacts with the
material, it rapidly heats and vaporizes or melts the material, creating a hole. The
material is removed as either vapor or molten material, depending on the laser
parameters and material properties operation.
it is easy to drill hole having large hole depth to hole diametere ratio
Since the drilling process is non-contact, there is minimal risk of tool wear or
damage to the workpiece, resulting in longer tool life and reduced
maintenance

11. metal drilling glass drilling

12. LASER
HARDNENING
1. laser hardnening is a process, which has recentaly been developed with
co2 laser. the late entry of laser into this field is partly due to the part
that it required laser of very high power to perform heat treatment to it
fullest potential
Laser hardening, also known as laser surface hardening or laser heat
treatment, is a process used to increase the hardness and wear resistance of
the surface layer of metal components. It involves selectively heating the
surface of the material with a laser beam to a high temperature, followed by
rapid cooling, typically through conduction into the bulk material. This
process alters the microstructure of the surface layer, resulting in increased
hardness and improved mechanical properties.

13. how laser hardening generally
works:
As the laser beam interacts with the surface, it rapidly heats the material
to temperatures above its transformation temperature (usually above the
austenitizing temperature for steels). This causes the microstructure of
the surface layer to transform, typically into a harder phase such as
martensite.
After heating, the surface layer is rapidly cooled, typically through
conduction into the bulk material or by using an additional cooling method
such as water or air quenching. The rapid cooling rate is essential for
retaining the transformed microstructure and achieving the desired hardness.
Laser hardening is a fast and efficient process, offering high precision and
repeatability, which is particularly advantageous for high-volume production and
complex geometries.

14. Overall, laser hardening is a highly effective surface treatment technique for
enhancing the mechanical properties and performance of metal components,
offering advantages in terms of precision, efficiency, and control over the hardening
process.
few other laser hardening
tecnique
A) Shock
hardening.
B) Surface glazing
C) Surface alloying

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