Mechanical processes
Machining and grinding (will be covered in later classes)
Shearing, blanking, and punching (sheet metalworking operations)
Ultrasonic machining (USM)
Water jet cutting (WJC or hydro-jet)
Abrasive water jet cutting (AWJC or abrasive hydro-jet)
UNCONVENTIONAL MACHINING PROCESS CLASSIFICATION-MECHANICAL ENERGY METHODS-ELECTRICAL ENERGY METHODS-CHEMICAL ENERGY METHODS-ELECTRO CHEMICAL ENERGY METHODS-THERMALENERGY METHODS.
An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a Drone, is an aircraft without a human pilot on board. UAVs can be remote controlled aircraft (e.g. flown by a pilot at a ground control station) or can fly autonomously based on pre-programmed flight plans or more complex dynamic automation systems
A UAV is defined as being capable of controlled, sustained level flight and powered by a jet or reciprocating engine. In addition, a cruise missile can be considered to be a UAV, but is treated separately on the basis that the vehicle is the weapon.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are aircrafts that fly without any humans being onboard. They are either remotely piloted, or piloted by an onboard computer. This kind of aircrafts can be used in different military missions such as surveillance, reconnaissance, battle damage assessment, communications relay, minesweeping, hazardous substances detection and radar jamming. However they can be used in other than military missions like detection of hazardous objects on train rails and investigation of infected areas. Aircrafts that are able of hovering and vertical flying can also be used for indoor missions like counter terrorist operations
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The way we use computers today will soon change. The technology of the future will allow us to interact with the computer on a whole different level from what we are used to. The tools we use to communicate with the computer - such as the mouse and the keyboard, will slowly disappear and be replaced with tools more comfortable and more natural for the human being to use. That future is already here. The increase rate of how touch screen hardware and applications are used is growing rapidly and will break new grounds in years to come. This new technology requires new ways of detecting inputs from the user-inputs which will be made out of on-screen gestures rather than by the pressing of buttons or rolling mouse wheels.
The name Surface comes from "surface computing”. Surface computing uses a blend of wireless protocols, special machine-readable tags and shape recognition to seamlessly merge the real and the virtual world. Multi-touch technology is an advanced human-computer interaction technique that recognizes multiple touch points and also includes the hardware devices that implement it.
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1-The main intention of this project is to find the accident spot at any place and intimating it to ambulance through the GPS and GSM networks
2-Global system for mobiles (GSM) technology is used to establish cellular connections.
3-GPS is used to trace the position of the vehicle.
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The idea of the project is to make computation human centered and responsive to human needs rather than having people catering to expensive machine
In the future, computation will be human-centered.
It will be freely available everywhere, like batteries and power sockets, or oxygen in the air we breathe.
It will enter the human world, handling our goals and needs and helping us to do more while doing less.
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How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
3. 3
The Need for Advanced
Machining Processes
Traditional machining processes
• Material removal by mechanical means, such as chip
forming, abrasion, or micro-chipping
Advanced machining processes
• Utilize chemical, electrical, and high-energy beams
The following cannot be done by traditional processes:
• Workpiece strength and hardness very high, >400HB
• Workpiece material too brittle, glass, ceramics, heat-
treated alloys
• Workpiece too slender and flexible, hard to clamp
• Part shape complex, long and small hole
• Special surface and dimensional tolerance requirements
4. 4
Typical Parts
Skin panel for missiles and aircraft
Turbine blades, nozzles, sheet metal,
small-diameter deep holes, dies, thick
metallic and nonmetallic parts
5. 5
Chemical Machining
(Chem Milling)
Chemicals are used to dissolve
material
Masks are used to control attack
Most common use is circuit boards
and plates for printing (Sunday
comics and rotogravure)
Cutting speed of 0.0025-0.1
mm/minute – very slow
7. 7
Electrochemical Machining
(ECM)
Combines chemical attack and electrical attack
High material removal rate
Masking is used to control attack
Conforming electrodes are to control shape
Commonly used for aircraft parts such as airfoil
shapes
Normally followed by abrasive finishing or laser
peening to remove partially adhering particles
Works with a wide variety of metals
10. 10
Electrical Discharge
Machining
Successive electric arcs melt tiny droplets
from surface of workpiece
Frozen droplets must be flushed away
Electrodes are made from graphite,
copper or copper-tungsten alloy
Material removed from electrode by arc
Recast layer of approximately 0.001” in
depth left on surface
Secondary process such as chemical
machining used to remove recast layer
12. 12
Wire EDM
Uses fine brass wire
Wire is used once
Easily computer controlled
Cutting path must contain straight lines
Slow cutting speed
Wire breakage is a problem
Shallower recast layer than conventional EDM
14. 14
Laser Beam Machining
Direct laser beam against surface of
workpiece, as in laser welding
Successive pulses from laser gun vaporize
tiny bits of workpiece
Location of laser beam controlled by
computer
Workpiece need not be conductive
Cuts are tapered
Gotta trap overshoot from laser beam
15. 15
Laser Beam Machining (cont)
Produces large remelt zone
Can produce holes as small as 0.0002”
diameter
Can produce deep holes
Used to produce cooling holes in
blades/vanes for jet engines
16. 16
Electron Beam Machining
Workpiece placed in vacuum chamber
High-voltage electron beam directed
toward workpiece
Energy of electron beam melts/
vaporizes selected region of workpiece
Electron beam moved by deflection coils
Similar process to EB welding
18. 18
Plasma Arc Cutting
Plasma is a stream of ionized gas
Typical temperatures are very high
Same process as plasma welding, without filler
metal
Torch movement controlled by computer
Power requirements depend on material being
cut, plus depth of cut
Recast layer is deeper than with other processes
19. 19
Ultrasonic Machining
Abrasive slurry flows over top of
workpiece (loose particles)
Cutting tool vibrated by ultrasonic energy
Abrasive particles between tool and
workpiece do the machining
Works well with hard, brittle workpieces
20. 20
Water Jet Machining
Narrow jet of water directed, at high
pressure and velocity, against surface of
workpiece
Jet of water erodes surface of workpiece,
thereby cutting workpiece
Computer control to achieve shape
22. 22
Abrasive Jet Machining (Dry)
Similar to sand blasting, except that a
very narrow jet of air/abrasive particles
achieves localized cutting
Computer used to position jet
24. 24
Nanofabrication Methods
Typically used in the semiconductor
industry
Combines the lithography technique of
chemical machining with an atomic force
microscope
May incorporate plasma cutting, reduced
to nano scale
25. 25
Economics of Advanced Machining
Processes
High cost of equipment, which typically
includes computer control
May use hard tooling, soft tooling, or both
Low production rates
Can be used with difficult-to-machine
materials
Highly repeatable
Typically requires highly skilled operators
26. 26
Cincinnati Area Advanced
Machining Companies
Graphel – Wire EDM and Electrodes
Sermatech-Lehr Precision – Electrochemical
Machining
Andrews Laser Works – Laser Cutting, Welding and
Drilling
Meyer Tool – Laser Drilling and EDM
Barnes Aerospace – EDM Grinding of Honeycomb
Cincinnati, Inc – Laser and Plasma Arc Machines
Enginetics – EB Welding
Elano – Electrochemical Machining