3. Conflict:
A conflict might be as
small as an argument
between friends or as
large as a war between
countries.
A conflict may involve
one person with a
problem they need to
solve, or between two or
more people.
Conflicts are difficult for
the people involved, but
can a conflict have a
positive outcome?
4. Types of
Conflict
An INTERNAL
CONFLICT is
usually a
decision a
person has to
make that
might hurt
himself or
someone
else.
7. Development of
Characters:
The main characters in
a story are interesting
and complex, or well-
rounded. Complex
characters share the
following qualities:
-multiple traits, or
qualities.
-struggle with
conflicting motivations
or reasons for acting as
they do.
-they may change by
the end of the story.
8. Characterization
Direct Characterization Indirect Characterization
The narrator makes The reader learns what
direct statements about characters are like by
a character’s analyzing what they say
personality. and do as well as how
other characters respond
to them.
Afshin focused on just
one thing at a time, but
the depth of his focus Summer or winter, in
was remarkable. Before sun, wind, or rain, Jess
a reace, his single- rose before dawn and
minded trance could jogged the two-mile loop
only be broken by the around the reservoir.
sound of the starter’s After a quick shower and
whistle. two chocolate
donuts, she always felt
ready to face the day.
9. How characters advance a story:
Advance the plot Develop the theme
A character’s choices
A character’s struggles
help to move the story
with a decision or
along. A character’s
situation usually help to
decision to do (or NOT
explain a real life lesson.
do) something can also
Pay attention to the ways
lead to new plot
that characters change
developments and may
and to the lessons that
intensify the
they learn. These details
conflict, heighten the
usually point you toward
tension or suspense in a
the story’s theme.
story.
10. Conflict: Cindy is friendly with Matilda. Cindy’s
friends Staci and Ashley do NOT like Matilda an dput
pressure on Cindy to shun her.
Characters’
interactions: RESULT: (prediction)
Cindy decides that
Staci and Ashley are
Staci and
being unfair and
Ashley invite
makes a point of
everyone to
attending a school
their party
game with Matilda.
except Cindy.
12. Structuring a text for effect:
The way an
author structures
or organizes
information in a
story can create
effects like
tension, mystery
and surprise.
13. An author does this through:
PLOT STRUCTURE
Openings: The opening establishes
the general feeling of the story.
14. SEQUENCE
Chronological order: the order
in which events occurred from
start to finish.
Flashbacks: a section that
describes a time before the
present time of the story.
Flashbacks usually give an
insight into a character’s
motivations.
15. PACING
Pacing is the speed in which a narrator
describes events that have happened.
By describing a scene at length and
giving many descriptive details, an
author ‘slows down’ the pace. This is
usually done to create SUSPENSE.
A narrator can also create a sensation
of ‘speed’ and excitement by moving
quickly from one idea to another in a
scene that is loaded with tension.
16. POINT OF VIEW
The point of view, or narrative
perspective, from which the story is told.
Third-person omniscient: the narrator is
OUTSIDE of the events of the story and
tells the thoughts and feelings of ALL
characters.
Third-person limited: the narrator is
OUTSIDE of the story but tells the
thoughts and feelings of only ONE
character.
First-person: the narrator is a character
in the story and uses the pronouns I
and me.
