Cinderella's Struggles

SMA
KELAS XII
MODUL NARRATIVE
SMA KELAS XII

Modul Bahsa Inggris XII Narrative 1
Narrative text overview
Narrative
What is Narrative ?
Purpose
The basic purpose of narrative is to entertain, to gain and hold a readers'
interest. However narratives can also be written to teach or inform, to change
attitudes / social opinions eg soap operas and television dramas that are used
to raise topical issues.
Narratives sequence people/characters in time and place but differ from
recounts in that through the sequencing, the stories set up one or more
problems, which must eventually find a way to be resolved. And To
amuse/entertain the readers and to tell a story
Narrative text may be either fiction or non-fiction. Examples of fiction include
realistic fiction, science fiction, mysteries, folk tales, fairy tales, and myths.
Non-fiction is fact-based text such as reports, factual stories, and biographies.
Certain types of questions are likely to be asked about narrative text.
Narrative text has five common components. Most test questions refer to one of
these five story elements:
1.Setting – where or when the story takes place
2.Characters – people or animals in the story
3.Plot – sequence of events
4.Theme – central idea of the story
5.Vocabulary – words used to enrich understanding of the story

Types of Narrative There are many types of narrative. They can be imaginary,
factual or a combination of both. They may include fairy
stories, mysteries, science fiction, romances, horror stories,
adventure stories, fables, myths and legends, historical
narratives, ballads, slice of life, personal experience.
Definition of Narrative : Narrative is a text focusing specific participants. Its social
function is to tell stories or past events and entertain the
readers
Features of language :
1. Characters with defined personalities/identities
2. Dialogue often included - tense may change to the present or the future.
3. Descriptive language to create images in the reader's mind and enhance the
story.
Generic Structure
In a Traditional Narrative the focus of the text is on a series of actions:
Orientation: (introduction) in which the characters, setting and time of the story are
established. Usually answers who? when? where? eg. Mr Wolf went
out hunting in the forest one dark gloomy night.
Complication or problem: The complication usually involves the main character(s)
(often mirroring the complications in real life).
Resolution: There needs to be a resolution of the complication. The complication
may be resolved for better or worse/happily or unhappily.
Sometimes there are a number of complications that have to be
resolved. These add and sustain interest and suspense for the
reader.
To help students plan for writing of narratives, model, focusing on:
Plot: What is going to happen?
Setting: Where will the story take place? When will the story take place?
Characterisation: Who are the main characters? What do they look like?
Structure:
How will the story begin?
What will be the problem?
How is the problem going to be resolved?
Theme:
What is the theme / message the writer is attempting to communicate?
Language Action verbs:
Action verbs provide interest to the writing. For example, instead of The old
woman was in his way try The old woman barred his path. Instead of She
laughed try She cackled. Written in the first person (I, we) or the third
person (he, she, they). Usually past tense. Connectives, linking words to
do with time. Specific nouns: Strong nouns have more specific meanings,
eg. oak as opposed to tree.

Active nouns: Make nouns actually do something, eg. It was raining could
become Rain splashed down or There was a large cabinet in the lounge could become A
large cabinet seemed to fill the lounge. Careful use of adjectives and adverbs: Writing
needs judicious use of adjectives and adverbs to bring it alive, qualify the action and
provide description and information for the reader. Use of the senses: Where appropriate,
the senses can be used to describe and develop the experiences, setting and character:
What does it smell like? What can be heard? What can be seen - details? What does it
taste like? What does it feel like? Imagery Simile: A direct comparison, using like or as
or as though, egg. The sea looked as rumpled as a blue quilted dressing gown. Or The wind
wrapped me up like a cloak. l Metaphor: An indirect or hidden comparison, egg. She has a
heart of stone or He is a stubborn mule or The man barked out the instructions. l
Onomatopoeia: A suggestion of sound through words, eg. crackle, splat, ooze, squish,
boom, egg. The tyres whir on the road. The pitter-patter of soft rain. The mud oozed and
squished through my toes. l Personification: Giving nonliving things (inanimate) living
characteristics, eg. The steel beam clenched its muscles. Clouds limped across the sky. The
pebbles on the path were grey with grief. Rhetorical Questions: Often the author asks the
audience questions, knowing of course there will be no direct answer. This is a way of
involving the reader in the story at the outset, eg. Have you ever built a tree hut? l Variety in
sentence beginnings. There are a several ways to do this eg by using:
The Narrative Generic Structure:
1. Orientation
2. Evaluation
3. Complication
4. Resolution
5. Reorientation
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Chronologically arranged
BETWEEN NARRATIVE AND RECOUNT .
Something which happened in the past is the main resource to compose both
recount and narrative text. In writer's point of view, the thing is an experience. It can be what
the writer has done, hear, read, and felt. Composing recount and narrative is retelling the
experiences of the past event to be a present event.
What does narrative differ from recount?
The easiest way to catch the difference is analyzing the generic structure.
Recount text presents the past experiences in order of time or place; what happened on
Sunday, then on Monday, the on Tuesday.
In simple way, recount describes series of events in detail. It does not expose
the struggle on how to make them happen. The event happened smoothly. On the other
hand, narrative introduces crises and how to solve them.
Narrative text always appear as a hard potrait of participant's past experience. It
reveals the conflict among the participants. Cinderella's conflicts with her step mother and
sister are the example. The conflict is the most important element in a narrative text.
Narrative without conflicts is not narrative any more

Notes on Generic Structure of Narrative Text
Orientation: it means to introduce the participants or the characters of the
story with the time and place set. Orientation actually exists in every text type though it
has different term. In this story, the first paragraph is clearly seen to introduce the
participants of the Cinderella Story. They were Cinderella her self as the main character
of the story, her step mother which treated Cinderella badly, and her steps sister which
supported her mother to make Cinderella was treated very badly. Cinderella was
introduced as a hero in this story. She struggled against the bad treatment from her
step mother and sisters.
Complication: it is such the crisis of the story. If there is not the crisis, the story
is not a narrative text. In a long story, the complication appears in several situations. It
means that some time there is more then one complication. In this Cinderella story, we
can see clearly that there are Major Complication and Minor Complication. The
second paragraph is the major complication of this Cinderella story. Cinderella got bad
treatment from her stepmother. It is the bad crisis which drives into several minor
complications which Cinderella has to overcome
Resolution: it is the final series of the events which happen in the story. The
resolution can be good or bad. The point is that it has been accomplished by the
characters. Like complication, there are Major Resolution and Minor Resolution. In
the last paragraph, it is said that finally Cinderella lived happily. It is the happy
resolution of the bad treatment
BUILDING NARRATIVE TEXT WITH COMPLICATION
In simple word, narrative text has generic structure as orientation, complication and
resolution. This complication is the heart structure of narrative text. The complication will
determine whether the text "lives" or not. If the narrative text consider as the "live" text, it will
arouse the reader. It will intrude to the emotion of the reader. Commonly narrative text appears
as story text. In literary term, the complication structure is called conflict.
Basically, conflict is divided into three kinds. In any writing, each type will not take
place with its own type. Each often combines to other type in building the story. Physical
conflict, or in other word as elemental conflict, is description of man's struggle to his physical
word. It represents man versus nature force, difficulty and danger. How man survives from
flood, exploding mount is clear example of physical conflict.
Social conflict is the second type. It will show the struggle of man against his society. It
is description of struggle between man and man. Cinderella wants to go to party but her step
mother and sisters do not permit her. She eagerly to have the opportunity to meet the prince but
her step mother and sister try to block this opportunity and take it for them selves. It is a perfect
picture of social conflict. Internal or psychological conflict is a conflict which happens inside the
participant. A man struggles against him self, his conscience, his guilty. He wants to steal
money in the other hand he knows that stealing is not good. The fight of stealing money against
having good deed is a psychological conflict
The struggle among these conflicts includes verbal and physical attempts. Narrative
text will be perfectly composed by these kinds of conflict. Some time it will apply one type but it
often combines these three kinds of conflict

MAPPING CONCEPT
UNIT 1 NARRATIVE
(Tale and Life )
Listening:
• Listening to suggestions, requests and instructions
• Accepting and declining requests
• Listening to narrative texts
Speaking:
• Making suggestions, requesting and giving instructions
• Performing a monologue of narrative text
Reading:
• Reading narrative texts
• Reading a short functional text: an advertisement
Writing:
• Writing a narrative text
• Writing a short functional text: an advertisement
Learning Objectives
A. Oral Cycle
Respond to a Narrative monolog carefully
Respond to expressions for suggestions, requesting and giving instructions
Respond to expressions for accept and deny requests;
• perform a monologue of narrative texts.
B. Written Cycle
Respond to Recount text
Identify generic structure of a narrative text
Write Narrative text using correct structure
Use past tense in correct pattern

A. Oral Cycle
Activity 1
What do you have in mind when looking at the following pictures? Express
orally than any information you know about each of them
.

Activity 2 Answer the following questions !
1. When was the last time you read that kind of story ?
2. Do you think it is still relevant to read those stories in this modern era ?
3. In your opinion, how do tales come to exist ?
4. Tell a tale that you know well to your partner ?
Activity 3. Your teacher is going to read a short story then Complete the story
while you are listening to !
Activity 4 Answer the following questions based on the story you have completed !
1. Where did the beggar find the purse?
2. How many pieces of gold did the purse contain?
3. Who lost the purse?
4. What kind of person was the beggar?
5. Did the merchant thank the beggar?
6. Why did the judge say that the purse did not belong
to the merchant?
7. To whom did the judge give the purse?
8. What is your conclusion of the story?

( Speaking )
Activity 1 Answer the following questions !
1. Your friend has an assignment to write a book review. She intends to review a
novel. She asks for a suggestion. What do you say to her?
2. Your friend is reading a good novel. You intend to borrow it. What expression do
you use?
3. What do you say when accepting a request?
4. What do you say when denying a request?
Activity 2 Read the dialogue. Pay attention to the italicized sentences.

( Speaking )
Activity 3 Here is a dialogue between a son and his mother. Identify the
expressions which are used to give instruction.
Activity 4 Here are some more examples of the expressions to make suggestions,
requests and give instructions. Repeat after your teacher.
Making Suggestions
• You could (might) join the speech contest.
• If I were you, I would take care this dog.
• Why don't you go to the doctor?
• Why don't you come to my house and borrow my umbrela?
• What/How about going to the veterinarian?
Requesting
• Would you mind passing me the salt, please?
• Could you please take me to the dentist?
• Can you tell me what happened?
• Will/Would you come to my birthday party?
• Please tell me the story.
Giving Instructions
• You should keep it out of the children's reach.
• Whatever you do, don't be nervous.
• Bring that magazine to me.
• Read the text loudly.

( Speaking )

( Speaking )
Activity 5. With your partner, create a short dialogue using the expressions you
have just learned. Then act it out.
Activity 6 Read the following stories. Pay attention to your intonation and
expressions.
Once there was a farmer from Laos. Every morning and every evening, he ploughed
his field with his buffalo.
One day, a tiger saw the farmer and his buffalo working in the field. The tiger was
very surprised to see a big animal listening to a small animal. The tiger wanted to know
more about the big animal and the small animal.
After the man went home, the tiger spoke to the buffalo; “you are so big and strong.
Why do you do everything the man tells you?”
The buffalo answered; “oh, the man is very intelligent”. The tiger asked; “can you
tell me how intelligent he is?”. “No, I can’t tell you”, said the buffalo; “but you can ask him”.
So the next day the tiger asked to the man; “Can I see your intelligence?”. But the
man answered; “it at home”. “Can you go and get it?” asked the tiger. “Yes” said the man;
“but I am afraid you will kill my buffalo when I am gone. Can I tie you to a tree?”
After the man tied the tiger to the tree, he didn’t go home to get his intelligence. He
took his plough and hit the tiger. Then he said; “Now you know about my intelligence even
you haven’t seen it
Once upon a time there lived a little, named Snow White. She lived
with her aunt and uncle because her parents were died.
One day she heard her aunt and uncle talking about leaving Snow
White in the castle because they wanted to go to America and they didn’t
have enough money to take Snow White with them. Snow White didn’t want
her uncle and aunt to do this. So she decided to run away.
The next morning she run away from home when her aunt and uncle
were having breakfast, she run away into the wood. In the wood she felt
very tired and hungry.
Then she saw this cottage. She knocked but no one answered so
she went inside and felt asleep. Meanwhile seven dwarfs were coming
home from work. They went inside. There, they found Snow White woke up.
She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said; “What is your name?”. Snow White
said; “My name is Snow White”. One of the dwarfs said; “If you wish, you
may live here with us”. Snow White told the whole story about her. Then
Snow white ad the seven dwarfs lived happily ever after

Reading
Activity 1 Answer the questions orally.
The Legend of Toba Lake
Once upon time, there was a handsome man. His name was Batara Guru
Sahala. He liked fishing. One day, he caught a fish. He was surprised to find out
that the fish could talk. The fish begged him to set it free.
Batara Guru could not bear it. He made the fish free. As soon as it was free,
the fish changed into a very beautiful woman. She attracted Batara Guru so much.
He felt in love with that fish-woman. The woman wanted to marry with him and
said that Batara Guru had to keep the secret which she had been a fish. Batara
Guru aggreed and promised that he would never tell anybody about it.
They were married happily. They had two daughters. One day Batara Guru
got very angry with his daughter. He could not control his mad. He shouted
angrily and got the word of fish to his daugters. The daughters were crying. They
found their mother and talked her about it. The mother was very annoyed. Batara
Guru broke his promise. The mother was shouting angrily. Then the earth began
to shake. Volcanoes started to erupt. The earth formed a very big hole. People
believed that the big hole became a lake. Then this lake is known as Toba lake.
1. What do you know about legends?
2. Have you ever heard or read the legend of lake Toba ? Where is it from?
3. According to the legend, how did Lake Toba come into existence?

Reading
Activity 2 The following text is about The crow tried to push her head. Read it
then Discuss these questions with your friends.
Read the text carefully
ON a hot day, a thirsty cow flew over a field looking for water. For along Time,
she could not find any. She left very exhausted, almost giving up. Suddenly, she saw a
water jug below her, she flew straight down to see if there was any water inside. It was
a surprise because there was some water inside the jug !
The crow tried to push her head into the jug. Sadly, she found that the neck of the
jug was too narrow. Then, she tired to push the jug was too heavy.
The crow thought hard for a while. Then looking around her, she saw some
pebbles. She suddenly had a good idea. She started picking up the pebbles one by
one, dropping each into the jug. As more and more pebbles filled the jug, the water
level kept rising. Soon it was high enough for the crow to drink. “Its working!” she
said.
1. In your opinion what is the purpose of this reading text ?
a. to amuse the reader
b. to make people laugh when reading the text
c. to educate the reader
2. Who are involved in the story ?
3. What is the moral value of the story ?
4. When did the story happen ?
5. Now analyze the narrative text structure of the story
√ Title :
√ Orientation :
√ Major Complication :
√ Major Resolution :
Retell the story to your friends.

Activity 3. Read and study the following text aloud. Pay attention to the
pronunciation, stress and pause !

Activity 4 In pairs, answer the following questions based on the text in Activity 3.
1. Where does the story take place?
2. Who was Raden Sungging Pebangkara ?
3. What did Dayang Sumbli look like?
4. Who was Tumang?
5. Why was Sangkuriang angry with Tumang?
6. Why did Dayang Sumbi send Sangkuriang away?
7. What did Dayang Sumbi ask Sangkuriang to do?
8. What happened to Sangkuriang at the end of the story?

Notes on Narrative Text
It is important to know that the social function of the
narrative text is to inform and entertain. Narrative text will tell the
story with amusing way. It provides an esthetic literary experience to
the reader. Narrative text is written based on life experience. In
literary term, experience is what we do, feel, hear, read, even what
we dream.
Narrative text is organized focusing at character oriented. It
is build using descriptive familiar language and dialogue. There are
some genres of literary text which fit to be classified as the narrative
text. Some of them are
Folktales, it includes fables, legend, myth, or realistic tale
Mysteries, fantasy, science or realistic fiction
Commonly, narrative text is organized by the story of
grammar. It will be beginning, middle and end of the story. To build
this story grammar, narrative text need plot. This plot will determine
the quality of the story. Plot is a series of episodes which holds the
reader’ attention while they are reading the story.
Conflict is the main important element of the plot. This
conflict among the characters will drive the story progress. In this
conflict, readers will be shown how the characters face the problem
and how they have ability to handle that problem
Analysis the Generic Structure
Orientation: It sets the scene and introduces the
participants/characters. In that parrot story, the first paragraph is the
orientation where reader finds time and place set up and also the
participant as the background of the story. A man and his parrot
took place once time.
Complication: It explores the conflict in the story. It will
show the crisis, rising crisis and climax of the story. In the parrot
story, paragraph 2, 3, 4 are describing the complication. Readers will
find that the man face a problem of why the parrot can not say
Catano. To fix this problem, the man attempted to teach the bird.
How hard he tried to teach the bird is the excitement element of the
complication.
Resolution: It shows the situation which the problems have
been resolved. It must be our note that “resolved” means
accomplished whether succeed or fail. In the last paragraph of the
smartest parrot story, readers see the problem is finished. The
parrot could talk the word which the man wanted. The parrot said the
word with higher degree than the man taught the word to it. That was
the smartest parrot
Activity 5 Find some moral values from the story in Activity 3. Share them
with your partner.

Activity 5 Here is another text. Read the text intensively and study the structure
of narrative text!
Story of Hercules
Hercules was the son of Jupiter and Alcmena. As Juno was always hostile to the offspring of
her husband by mortal mothers, she declared war against Hercules from his birth. She sent two
serpents to destroy him as he lay in his cradle, but the precocious infant strangled them with his own
hands. He was, however, by the arts of Juno rendered subject to Eurystheus and compelled to perform
all his commands. Eurystheus enjoined upon him a succession of desperate adventures, which are
called the “Twelve Labours of Hercules.” The first was the fight with the Nemean lion. The valley of
Nemea was infested by a terrible lion. Eurystheus ordered Hercules to bring him the skin of this
monster. After using in vain his club and arrows against the lion, Hercules strangled the animal with his
hands. He returned carrying the dead lion on his shoulders; but Eurystheus was so frightened at the
sight of it and at this proof of the prodigious strength of the hero, that he ordered him to deliver the
account of his exploits in future outside the town.
His next labour was the slaughter of the Hydra. This monster ravaged the country of Argos,
and dwelt in a swamp near the well of Amymone. This well had been discovered by Amymone when
the country was suffering from drought, and the story was that Neptune, who loved her, had permitted
her to touch the rock with his trident, and a spring of three outlets burst forth. Here the Hydra took up
his position, and Hercules was sent to destroy him. The Hydra had nine heads, of which the middle one
was immortal. Hercules struck off its heads with his club, but in the place of the head knocked off, two
new ones grew forth each time. At length with the assistance of his faithful servant Iolaus, he burned
away the heads of the Hydra, and buried the ninth or immortal one under a huge rock.
Another labour was the cleaning of the Augean stables. Augeas, king of Elis, had a herd of
three thousand oxen, whose stalls had not been cleansed for thirty years. Hercules brought the rivers
Alpheus and Peneus through them, and cleansed them thoroughly in one day.
His next labour was of a more delicate kind. Admeta, the daughter of Eurystheus, longed to
obtain the girdle of the queen of the Amazons, and Eurystheus ordered Hercules to go and get it. The
Amazons were a nation of women. They were very warlike and held several flourishing cities. It was
their custom to bring up only the female children; the boys were either sent away to the neighbouring
nations or put to death. Hercules was accompanied by a number of volunteers, and after various
adventures at last reached the country of the Amazons. Hippolyta, the queen, received him kindly, and
consented to yield him her girdle, but Juno, taking the form of an Amazon, went and persuaded the rest
that the strangers were carrying off their queen. They instantly armed and came in great numbers down
to the ship. Hercules, thinking that Hippolyta had acted treacherously, slew her, and taking her girdle
made sail homewards.
Another task enjoined him was to bring to Eurystheus the oxen of Geryon, a monster with
three bodies, who dwelt in the island of Erytheia (the red), so called because it lay at the west, under
the rays of the setting sun. This description is thought to apply to Spain, of which Geryon was king.
After traversing various countries, Hercules reached at length the frontiers of Libya and Europe, where
he raised the two mountains of Calpe and Abyla, as monuments of his progress, or, according to
another account, rent one mountain into two and left half on each side, forming the straits of Gibraltar,
the two mountains being called the Pillars of Hercules. The oxen were guarded by the giant Eurytion
and his two-headed dog, but Hercules killed the giant and his dog and brought away the oxen in safety
to Eurystheus.
The most difficult labour of all was getting the golden apples of the Hesperides, for Hercules
did not know where to find them. These were the apples which Juno had received at her wedding from
the goddess of the Earth, and which she had entrusted to the keeping of the daughters of Hesperus,

assisted by a watchful dragon. After various adventures Hercules arrived at Mount Atlas in Africa. Atlas
was one of the Titans who had warred against the gods, and after they were subdued, Atlas was
condemned to bear on his shoulders the weight of the heavens. He was the father of the Hesperides,
and Hercules thought might, if any one could, find the apples and bring them to him. But how to send
Atlas away from his post, or bear up the heavens while he was gone? Hercules took the burden on his
own shoulders, and sent Atlas to seek the apples. He returned with them, and though somewhat
reluctantly, took his burden upon his shoulders again, and let Hercules return with the apples to
Eurystheus.
Milton, in his “Comus,” makes the Hesperides the daughters of Hesperus and niece of Atlas:
“...amidst the gardens fair / Of Hesperus and his daughters three, / That sing about the golden tree.”
The poets, led by the analogy of the lovely appearance of the western sky at sunset, viewed
the west as a region of brightness and glory. Hence they placed in it the Isles of the Blest, the ruddy
Isle Erytheia, on which the bright oxen of Geryon were pastured, and the Isle of the Hesperides. The
apples are supposed by some to be the oranges of Spain, of which the Greeks had heard some
obscure accounts.
A celebrated exploit of Hercules was his victory over Antæus. Antæus, the son of Terra, the
Earth, was a mighty giant and wrestler, whose strength was invincible so long as he remained in
contact with his mother Earth. He compelled all strangers who came to his country to wrestle with him,
on condition that if conquered (as they all were) they should be put to death. Hercules encountered him,
and finding that it was of no avail to throw him, for he always rose with renewed strength from every fall,
he lifted him up from the earth and strangled him in the air.
Cacus was a huge giant, who inhabited a cave on Mount Aventine, and plundered the
surrounding country. When Hercules was driving home the oxen of Geryon, Cacus stole part of the
cattle, while the hero slept. That their footprints might not serve to show where they had been driven, he
dragged them backward by their tails to his cave; so their tracks all seemed to show that they had gone
in the opposite direction. Hercules was deceived by this stratagem, and would have failed to find his
oxen, if it had not happened that in driving the remainder of the herd past the cave where the stolen
ones were concealed, those within began to low, and were thus discovered. Cacus was slain by
Hercules.
The last exploit we shall record was bringing Cerberus from the lower world. Hercules
descended into Hades, accompanied by Mercury and Minerva. He obtained permission from Pluto to
carry Cerberus to the upper air, provided he could do it without the use of weapons; and in spite of the
monster’s struggling, he seized him, held him fast, and carried him to Eurystheus, and afterwards
brought him back again. When he was in Hades he obtained the liberty of Theseus, his admirer and
imitator, who had been detained a prisoner there for an unsuccessful attempt to carry off Proserpine.
Hercules in a fit of madness killed his friend Iphitus, and was condemned for this offence to
become the slave of Queen Omphale for three years. While in this service the hero’s nature seemed
changed. He lived effeminately, wearing at times the dress of a woman, and spinning wool with the
hand-maidens of Omphale, while the queen wore his lion’s skin. When this service was ended he
married Dejanira and lived in peace with her three years. On one occasion as he was travelling with his
wife, they came to a river, across which the Centaur Nessus carried travellers for a stated fee. Hercules
himself forded the river, but gave Dejanira to Nessus to be carried across. Nessus attempted to run
away with her, but Hercules heard her cries and shot an arrow into the heart of Nessus. The dying
Centaur told Dejanira to take a portion of his blood and keep it, as it might be used as a charm to
preserve the love of her husband.
Dejanira did so, and before long fancied she had occasion to use it. Hercules in one of his
conquests had taken prisoner a fair maiden, named Iole, of whom he seemed more fond than Dejanira
approved. When Hercules was about to offer sacrifices to the gods in honour of his victory, he sent to
his wife for a white robe to use on the occasion. Dejanira, thinking it a good opportunity to try her love-
spell, steeped the garment in the blood of Nessus. We are to suppose she took care to wash out all

traces of it, but the magic power remained, and as soon as the garment became warm on the body of
Hercules the poison penetrated into all his limbs and caused him the most intense agony. In his frenzy
he seized Lichas, who had brought him the fatal robe, and hurled him into the sea. He wrenched off the
garment, but it stuck to his flesh, and with it he tore away whole pieces of his body. In this state he
embarked on board a ship and was conveyed home. Dejanira, on seeing what she had unwittingly
done, hung herself. Hercules, prepared to die, ascended Mount Œta, where he built a funeral pile of
trees, gave his bow and arrows to Philoctetes, and laid himself down on the pile, his head resting on his
club, and his lion’s skin spread over him. With a countenance as serene as if he were taking his place
at a festal board he commanded Philoctetes to apply the torch. The flames spread apace and soon
invested the whole mass.
The gods themselves felt troubled at seeing the champion of the earth so brought to his end.
But Jupiter with cheerful countenance thus addressed them: “I am pleased to see your concern, my
princes, and am gratified to perceive that I am the ruler of a loyal people, and that my son enjoys your
favour. For although your interest in him arises from his noble deeds, yet it is not the less gratifying to
me. But now I say to you, Fear not. He who conquered all else is not to be conquered by those flames
which you see blazing on Mount Œta. Only his mother’s share in him can perish; what he derived from
me is immortal. I shall take him, dead to earth, to the heavenly shores, and I require of you all to receive
him kindly. If any of you feel grieved at his attaining this honour, yet no one can deny that he has
deserved it.” The gods all gave their assent; Juno only heard the closing words with some displeasure
that she should be so particularly pointed at, yet not enough to make her regret the determination of her
husband. So when the flames had consumed the mother’s share of Hercules, the diviner part, instead
of being injured thereby, seemed to start forth with new vigour, to assume a more lofty port and a more
awful dignity. Jupiter enveloped him in a cloud, and took him up in a four-horse chariot to dwell among
the stars. As he took his place in heaven, Atlas felt the added weight. Juno, now reconciled to him,
gave him her daughter Hebe in marriage. Adapted from Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2007..

B. Written Cycle
Reading
Activity 6 Here is a story, but the paragraphs are not in order. With your partner,
rearrange them into a good story.
Before and After
Before and after are used if we want to express an order of events. We can use the
following form.
1. Before + clause 1 (S, V ,O) + clause 2 (S, V, O)
After + Subordinate clause + Main clause
For example:
• Before she attended the class, she would prepare everything.
• After hearing the news she felt relieved.
2. Before + noun phrase (V+ing) + clause 2 (SVO)
After + Subordinate clause + Main clause
For example:
• Before watching the movie, we must buy the tickets.
• After losing his job, the man became extremely depressed.

Writing
Activity 1 Writing a narrative, deals a lot with order or sequence of events. There are
certain signaling words that are frequently used to indicate the order or
sequence of events. Use the signaling words in the box to complete the
text below.

Activity 4 Put the story into the correct order. Work individually.

Activity 5
Summary

BUILDING NARRATIVE TEXT WITH COMPLICATION
In simple word, narrative text has generic structure as orientation,
complication and resolution. This complication is the heart structure of narrative text.
The complication will determine whether the text "lives" or not. If the narrative text
consider as the "live" text, it will arouse the reader. It will intrude to the emotion of the
reader.
Commonly narrative text appears as story text. In literary term, the
complication structure is called conflict. Basically, conflict is divided into three kinds.
In any writing, each type will not take place with its own type. Each often combines to
other type in building the story.
Physical conflict, or in other word as elemental conflict, is description of
man's struggle to his physical word. It represents man versus nature force, difficulty
and danger. How man survives from flood, exploding mount is clear example of
physical conflict.
Social conflict is the second type. It will show the struggle of man against his
society. It is description of struggle between man and man. Cinderella wants to go to
party but her step mother and sisters do not permit her. She eagerly to have the
opportunity to meet the prince but her step mother and sister try to block this
opportunity and take it for them selves. It is a perfect picture of social conflict.
Internal or psychological conflict is a conflict which happens inside the participant.
A man struggles against him self, his conscience, his guilty. He wants to
steal money in the other hand he knows that stealing is not good. The fight of stealing
money against having good deed is a psychological conflict The struggle among these
conflicts includes verbal and physical attempts. Narrative text will be perfectly
composed by these kinds of conflict. Some time it will apply one type but it often
combines these three kinds of conflict.

“The Smartest Parrot”
Once upon time, a man had a wonderful parrot. There was no other parrot like it. The
parrot could say every word, except one word. The parrot would not say the name of the place
where it was born. The name of the place was Catano. The man felt excited having the
smartest parrot but he could not understand why the parrot would not say Catano. The man
tried to teach the bird to say Catano however the bird kept not saying the word
At the first, the man was very nice to the bird but then he got very angry. “You stupid
bird!” pointed the man to the parrot. “Why can’t you say the word? Say Catano! Or I will kill
you” the man said angrily. Although he tried hard to teach, the parrot would not say it. Then
the man got so angry and shouted to the bird over and over; “Say Catano or I’ll kill you”. The
bird kept not to say the word of Catano
One day, after he had been trying so many times to make the bird say Catano, the man
really got very angry. He could not bear it. He picked the parrot and threw it into the chicken
house. There were four old chickens for next dinner “You are as stupid as the chickens. Just
stay with them” Said the man angrily. Then he continued to humble; “You know, I will cut the
chicken for my meal. Next it will be your turn, I will eat you too, stupid parrot”. After that he left
the chicken house
The next day, the man came back to the chicken house. He opened the door and was
very surprised. He could not believe what he saw at the chicken house. There were three death
chickens on the floor. At the moment, the parrot was standing proudly and screaming at the
last old chicken; “Say Catano or I’ll kill you”
Notes on Narrative Text
It is important to know that the social function of the narrative text is to inform and
entertain. Narrative text will tell the story with amusing way. It provides an esthetic literary
experience to the reader. Narrative text is written based on life experience. In literary term,
experience is what we do, feel, hear, read, even what we dream.
Narrative text is organized focusing at character oriented. It is build using descriptive
familiar language and dialogue. There are some genres of literary text which fit to be classified
as the narrative text. Some of them are
 Folktales, it includes fables, legend, myth, or realistic tale
 Mysteries, fantasy, science or realistic fiction
Commonly, narrative text is organized by the story of grammar. It will be beginning,
middle and end of the story. To build this story grammar, narrative text need plot. This plot will
determine the quality of the story. Plot is a series of episodes which holds the reader’
attention while they are reading the story.
Conflict is the main important element of the plot. This conflict among the characters
will drive the story progress. In this conflict, readers will be shown how the characters face the
problem and how they have ability to handle that problem

Analysis the Generic Structure
Orientation: It sets the scene and introduces the participants/characters. In that parrot story, the first
paragraph is the orientation where reader finds time and place set up and also the participant as the
background of the story. A man and his parrot took place once time.
Complication: It explores the conflict in the story. It will show the crisis, rising crisis and climax of the
story. In the parrot story, paragraph 2, 3, 4 are describing the complication. Readers will find that the
man face a problem of why the parrot can not say Catano. To fix this problem, the man attempted to
teach the bird. How hard he tried to teach the bird is the excitement element of the complication.
Resolution: It shows the situation which the problems have been resolved. It must be our note that
“resolved” means accomplished whether succeed or fail. In the last paragraph of the smartest parrot
story, readers see the problem is finished. The parrot could talk the word which the man wanted. The
parrot said the word with higher degree
BETWEEN NARRATIVE AND RECOUNT .
Something which happened in the past is the main resource to compose both recount and
narrative text. In writer's point of view, the thing is an experience. It can be what the writer has done,
hear, read, and felt. Composing recount and narrative is retelling the experiences of the past event to
be a present event.
What does narrative differ from recount?
The easiest way to catch the difference is analyzing the generic structure. Recount text
presents the past experiences in order of time or place; what happened on Sunday, then on Monday,
the on Tuesday.
In simple way, recount describes series of events in detail. It does not expose the struggle
on how to make them happen. The event happened smoothly. On the other hand, narrative
introduces crises and how to solve them.
Narrative text always appear as a hard potrait of participant's past experience. It reveals the
conflict among the participants. Cinderella's conflicts with her step mother and sister are the example.
The conflict is the most important element in a narrative text. Narrative without comflicts is not
narrative any more
Notes on Generic Structure of Narrative Text
Orientation: it means to introduce the participants or the characters of the story with the time
and place set. Orientation actually exists in every text type though it has different term. In this story,
the first paragraph is clearly seen to introduce the participants of the Cinderella Story. They were
Cinderella her self as the main character of the story, her step mother which treated Cinderella badly,
and her steps sister which supported her mother to make Cinderella was treated very badly.
Cinderella was introduced as a hero in this story. She struggled against the bad treatment from her
step mother and sisters.
Complication: it is such the crisis of the story. If there is not the crisis, the story is not a
narrative text. In a long story, the complication appears in several situations. It means that some time
there is more then one complication. In this Cinderella story, we can see clearly that there are Major
Complication and Minor Complication. The second paragraph is the major complication of this
Cinderella story. Cinderella got bad treatment from her stepmother. It is the bad crisis which drives
into several minor complications which Cinderella has to overcome
Resolution: it is the final series of the events which happen in the story. The resolution
can be good or bad. The point is that it has been accomplished by the characters. Like
complication, there are Major Resolution and Minor Resolution. In the last paragraph, it is
said that finally Cinderella lived happily. It is the happy resolution of the bad treatment

Cinderella's Struggles

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