Importance of various Laws / Norms / Regulations / Acts for safety, Precautions and precautionary Measures, Post-accident procedures

1. SAFETY
MEASURES
Prepared by
- Prof. Janki Patel

2. Importance of safety in construction
 Safety on Construction Sites Protects the Public
 Safety Reduces Work-Related Accidents
 Decrease Time and Money Lost After an Accident
 Increase Compliance with a Dedication to Safety

3. Causes of accidents in construction
Psychological causes
Physical causes
Physiological causes
Electrical causes

4. Physical causes
Non – machinery
causes
Age, physical weakness
Lack of skill, inexperience
carelessness
Machinery caused
Insufficient working space on the machine
The machine not being properly guarded
The machine not being properly adjusted
Electric motor not being insulated properly

5. Industrial
hazards
Improper layout of
machines
Inadequate safeguards
Inadequate safeguards
Absence of fencing
Working
conditions
Poor construction
Insufficient light
Poor ventilation
Long working hours

6.  Causes related to tools
 Tools being blunt
 Tools being too small for the job
 Tools with loose handle
 Tools being brittle
 Causes related to materials
 The material being inflammable i.e. explosives
 The material being too hot i.e. coal tar, bitumen
 The material being poisonous, i.e. acids
 The material being foul gases, i.e. sewage in sewers

7. Physiological causes
 Working floor being slippery, poor lighting, poor ventilation, loose electric cables, use of unstable
ladders, etc.
 Loose uniform, sleeves of the shirt without buttons, loose and slippery shoes
 Poor eye sight
 Over work
 Poor work
 Poor health, old age
 Use of drugs or alcohol

8. Psychological causes
 Worry
 Mental tension
 Emotional attitude
 Fear, nervousness
 Over confidence
 Frustration

9. Safety equipment
 Halmet – It is useful to protect the persons from falling objects like brick, stone, wooden platform,
centering plates etc.
 Gumshoes – It is used to protect the legs of workers from falling objects, chemical effects of lime,
cement etc.
 Rubber socks – These are used to protect the skin of hands from the effects of lime, cement, acids etc.
 First aid box – It should comprise of band aid, cotton, iodine, potassium permanganate, bernol, etc.
 Advertisement boards – At the construction site, the boards with following signs and slogans must ne
kept.
 Safety first, speed next.
 Make safety as habit.
 Prevention is better than cure.
 Accidents are not happened, they are made.

12. Safety measure for excavation (IS : 3764-1996)
 In all works, an experienced and
competent foreman or supervisor should
look after the excavation work.
 Before doing the excavation work, a
complete knowledge of underground
structures ( such as sewers, water pipe
lines, gas mains etc.)is essential and
proper precautions should be taken to
prevent accident.

13.  Excavated material should be kept away from the edge of trench in order to prevent sliding of slides of
trenches.
 Heavy equipment, such as excavating machinery, trucks, dumpers, etc. should be kept away from the
excavated sides at a distance not less than the depth of trench.

14. • Safety helmets should be worn by all persons entering a trench.
• Whenever workmen have to excavate in trenches in soil, soft rock or
hard soil exceeding 2 m in depth, the trenches should be securely
shored and timbered.

15.  At places where public is likely to trespass, faces or barricades should be erected to avoid accidents.
 At night, excavated area should be adequately lighted.
 Pathways and gangways should be non-slippery and should be of sufficient width. Planks should be
provided with cleats.
 The workers should be spaced so that they are not wounded by tools of fellow workers while doing
excavation work.

16. Safety measures for erection of concrete
framed structure
 The construction site should be barricaded by fencing or guiderails.
 Loading and unloading of materials should be carried out when intensity of traffic is low.
 Supervision of work should be done by an experienced engineer.
 Before placing concrete in forms for slab, reinforcement must be placed at the top of the
member.
 At the site, all the workmen should worn helmets, safety shoes etc.

17.  The scaffolding made for concreting work should be strong.
 No body should be allowed to go below slab when centering is in position.
 First-aid box should ne kept at site.

18. Safety measures during masonry work
 The scaffolding for masonry should be strong.
 The scaffolding should be provided with toe boards.
 Movement of people/workers should be restricted near scaffolding.
 The height of masonry should not be raised more than 1.5 m in a day.
 The vertical posts of scaffolding must be embedded into the ground for at least 15 cm depth.
 Proper arrangement of steps for climbing up the scaffolding shall be made.
 Bricks or mortar should not be dumped in excess on the platform of scaffolding.
 Good quality bamboo or timber should be used for erecting scaffolding.

20. Safety measures for demolition of buildings
 On every demolition work, danger signs should be provided all around the structure. Barricades
should be erected around the structure.
 During night time, red lights should be placed around the barricades.
 Entry of unauthorized persons should be restricted in the demolition area.
 At the time of demolition work, workers should use all safety appliances such as helmets,
goggles, gloves etc.
 In case any danger is anticipated to the adjoining structure during the process of demolition, the
same should be got vacated to avoid any danger to human life.

21.  The walls of adjoining structure should be supported until permanent protection is provided.
 The power on all electrical service lines must be shut off and all such lines disconnected before the
demolition work is started.
 All gas, water, stream and other service lines must be shut off before the demolition work is
started.
 No demolition work should be carried out at night especially when the structure to be demolished
is in an inhabited area.
Safety measures for demolition of
buildings

22. Safety measures for ladders
 All the ladders should be designed for the loads these are required to carry.
 In bamboo ladders, the rungs may be fixed to the rails with spikes of proper design and
strength.
 Safety shoes shall be used to avoid danger of slipping.
 Ladders used for heavy works should not be more than 6 m long.
 Before use, all ladders should be tested for the designed loads.
 To prevent slipping, a ladder should be secured at the bottom end.
 The ladder should not be supported against window panes, sashes etc.
 Metal stairs should not be used around electrical equipment.

23. Damages due
to accident
Direct damage
Indirect
damage

24. Direct damages
Minor injuries
Fatal injuries
Death of animals
Loss of property

25. Indirect damages
Delay in construction work
Mental stress in workers
Increase in project cost
Bed effect on reputation of the contracter

26. Stay home stay safe