The Bauhaus was an influential art and design school that operated in Germany from 1919 to 1933. It was founded by architect Walter Gropius and brought together different art forms and crafts with the goal of creating a "total work of art." The school had a profound impact on modern art, architecture, graphic design and other fields. It emphasized simplicity and functionality of form and design. De Stijl was an artistic movement founded in 1917 in Amsterdam that promoted pure abstraction and emphasized horizontal and vertical visual elements over diagonal ones. Key members included painters Piet Mondrian and Theo van Doesburg, and architect Gerrit Rietveld. They published the journal De Stijl to propagate their principles of

1. BAUHAUS
Staatliches Bauhaus, commonly known simply as Bauhaus, was an art school in Germany that combined crafts
and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught. It operated from
1919 to 1933. At that time the German term Bauhaus - literally "house of construction" - was understood as
meaning "School of Building".
The Bauhaus was first founded by Walter Gropius in Weimar. In spite of its name, and the fact that its
founder was an architect, the Bauhaus during the first years of its existence did not have an architecture
department. Nonetheless, it was founded with the idea of creating a "total" work of art in which all arts,
including architecture, would eventually be brought together. The Bauhaus style later became one of the most
influential currents in modern design, Modernist architectureand art, design and architectural education. The
Bauhaus had a profound influence upon subsequent developments in art, architecture, graphic design, interior
design, industrial design, and typography.
The Bauhaus Dessau. Walter Gropius'sExpressionist Monument to the March Dead
Typography by Herbert Bayer
above the entrance to the workshop
block of the Bauhaus, Dessau, 2005
The Bauhaus Museum - Tel Aviv

2. DE STIJL (THE STYLE)
De Stijl (/də ˈstaɪl/; Dutch pronunciation: [də ˈstɛil]), Dutch for "The Style", also known as neoplasticism, was a
Dutch artisticmovement founded in 1917 in Amsterdam. The De Stijl consisted of artists and architects In a
narrower sense, the termDe Stijl is used to refer to a body of work from 1917 to 1931 founded in
the Netherlands.
De Stijl is also the name of a journal that was published by the Dutch painter, designer, writer, and critic Theo
van Doesburg(1883–1931) that served to propagate the group's theories. Next to van Doesburg, the group's
principal members were the painters Piet Mondrian (1872–1944), Vilmos Huszár (1884–1960), and Bart van der
Leck (1876–1958), and the architectsGerrit Rietveld (1888–1964), Robert van 't Hoff (1887–1979), and J. J. P.
Oud (1890–1963). The artistic philosophy that formed a basis for the group's work is known as neoplasticism—
the new plastic art (or Nieuwe Beelding in Dutch).
Red and Blue Chair designed by
Gerrit Rietveld in 1917.
The Rietveld Schröder House
—the only building realised completely
according to the principles of De Stijl.
Composition with Yellow, Blue, and Red,
1937–42, Piet Mondrian. Oil on canvas;
72.5 x 69 cm. London, Tate Gallery.
Theo van Doesburg,
neoplasticism:Composition VII (the three
graces)1917.