Introduction to cancer

1. Jaineel Dharod
Dept. of Pharmacology

2. What does the
word cancer
mean to you?

3. A terrifying
illness.

7. Normal body cells grow, divide and die in an orderly fashion.

8. Cancer cells
are different
because they
do not
die, they just
continue to
grow and
divide in a
disorderly
fashion.

9. It is also called Neoplastic
disease:
Neoplasm means: Abnormal new
growth

10. INTRODUCTION
• Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal
cells anywhere in a body – cancer cell.
• It is also called malignancy.
• Causative agents – chemical , toxic compound
exposures ,ionizing radiation , some pathogens.
• Most cancer form tumors ,but not all tumors are
cancerous.

11. CANCER SYMPTOMS:
• Depends on the types
• General symptoms are,
Fatigue
Weight loss
Pain
Skin changes
Unusual bleeding
Persistent cough
Fever

12. COMMON TREATMENT:
• Surgery: before 1955
• Radiotherapy: 1955~1965
• Chemotherapy: after 1965
• Immunotherapy and Gene therapy: Present

13. CARCINOMA:
• Begins in skin ( or ) in tissues.
• Epithelium lining: That line the internal organs –
skin , lung , colon , pancreatic , etc…
• Subtypes ,
Adenocarcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Transitional cell carcinoma

14. SARCOMA:
• Begins in bone (or) cartilage (or) other
connective tissue.
Two types:
Bone sarcomas
Soft tissue sarcomas

15. LEUKEMIA:
• Begins in blood forming tissue (Bone marrow).
• Causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells and
enters the blood.
• Ages – 0-5,14-18,19-40,60+
• Sub type:
Lymphoblastic leukemia
T – cell leukemia
Hematological

16. LYMPHOMA & MYELOMA:
• Starts from white blood cells.
• Affects lymph nodes of specific sites,
Stomach
Brain
Intestine
• Two types:
B cell lymphocytes
T cell lymphocytes

17. MYELOMA:
• Begins in plasma cells in white blood cells.
• Type of blood cancer.
• Plasma cells are capable of producing various
antibody.
• It can damage the bones , kidney , red blood cell
count.

18. Different Types of Cells
Blood cells
Muscle cells (smooth,
striated, cardiac)
Nerve cells
Bone cells
Cartilage cells
Liver (hepa) cells

19. Types of Tumors

20. SS

22. TYPES:
• National cancer Institute gives the common types:
Bladder
Breast
Endometrial
Leukemia
Pancreatic
Thyroid
Lung
Melanoma
Kidney cancer
Lymphoma
Prostate
Colon & rectal

24. THE MOST COMMON CANCERS IN MEN , WOMEN
AND CHILDREN:
• Men - prostate , lung , colorectal
• Women - Breast , lung , colorectal
• Children - Leukemia , brain tumors , lymphoma

28. SPREAD OF CANCER:
• Primary and secondary cancer:
• The place where a cancer starts in the body is
called primary cancer.
• These are spread to other parts of the body.
• These can form other tumours are known as
secondary cancers.

30. SPREAD TO OTHER AREAS OF BODY:
• It can spread to other parts of the body through
the blood stream (or) lymphatic system.
• In order to spread some cells from the primary
cancer must break away and travel to another
part of the body and start growing there.
• Some are go into blood vessels – capillaries.

31. SPREAD THROUGH THE BLOOD CIRCULATION:
• When cancer cell go into the small blood vessels
and get into the blood stream . They are called
circulation tumour cells.
• These can stuck somewhere in a very small
blood vessel such as capillary.
• Move through the wall of capillary and into the
tissue of the organ.

32. • They can multiply to form a new tumors.

33. SPREAD THROUGH THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM:
• The lymphatic system is a network of tubes and
glands in the body that filters body fluid and
fights infection.
• Cancer cells go into lymph vessels and travel
into nearby lymph glands and grow to form
tumours in lymph nodes.

34. PROPERTIES OF CANCER CELLS:
• Uncontrolled proliferation
• Dedifferentiation / loss of function
• Invasiveness
• Metastasis
MostImportant
MostImportant

35. • It can involves changes in gene expression.
• Lack of contact inhibition.
• Loss of limitations on the number of cell division.
• Ability to grow in culture.
• Angiogenesis.

36. Flow of process in CANCER CELLS:
• Initiation
• Promotion
• Progression

37. Myths about
CANCER

39. Biggest MYTH
Of Indian Society

40. Tumhe Stomach
Cancer hai Zaheer
Maine kabhi Cigarette nahi pee, kabhi koi paan –
masala nahi khaya, Kabhi Daaru ko hath nahi lagaya,
Kabhi dosto ke sath aayashi nahi ki…
FIR BHI MUJHE KYUN DOCTOR…!!!?

41. Simple hai Zaheer bhai,
Roz bahar khana khate ho,
it is case of food poisoning.
Maa ke hath ka khana
khao, abhi theek ho jayega

42. Bahar ka indigestible khana
Yahan problem badh
gayi hai
AUR AADMI BHEJO

43. Bahar ka indigestible khana
Yeh toh saare
bacche hai

44. Bahar ka indigestible khana
Nahinnnnn….
GAME
OVER…!!