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1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1650 Re-configurable Microstrip patch antenna applicable for Ultra wide (UW) band Arita Basumatary1, Anil Kumar2, Rajeev Paulus3 , A.K. Jaiswal4 , Ekta Chauhan5 1M.Tech Scholar, Faculty of Electronics & Communication Engineering, SIET SHUATS, U.P, India 2,3 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering, SIET SHUATS, U.P., India 4Head of the Dept. Electronics & Comm. Engineering, SIET SHUATS, U.P., India 5Dept. of Physics, SIET SHUATS, U.P., India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract: The designed antenna is about elliptical Microstrip patch antenna with a slot where two diodes are placed on the slot. The design of the antenna is based on diodeconditions ON and OFF. This antenna is tested and simulated and the gain of antenna is being improved for different conditions at two frequencies 8.5306GHz and 8.7143GHz. Slot antenna worksin single band and multiband frequency. The antenna has a substrate designed on FR4epoxy. A variation in parameters like radiated power, gain and directivity is achieved. Working and testing is done by utilizing simulator Ansoft HFSS. The results are checked and evaluated for the proposed antenna. Key Words: Reconfigurable, Elliptical, Ultra Wide band, Slots, Diodes. 1. INTRODUCTION More than the past period of years the antennas haveplayed very decisive role in the area of wireless communication. With the growing and increasing of the broadband technologies microstrippatchantenna is mostlyfavored.[1]- [3] It is utilized in numerous areas like satellite communication, aircrafts, missiles, GPS system and broadcasting. Certain credits of antenna are low cost light weight low profile, small size, polarization.[4][6] Basically the advancement of dual band antennas for the extension in the wired antennas was done . The configuration of internal handset antennas are accomplished by rectifying the size of small antenna.[6] With broadening of the cellular communication the dual frequency came into scenario having a useful benefit comparatively exquisite electric aspects, compressed in geometry, cheap and adequate function that can be established for a single coaxial feeding.[7][8] Likewise, the Reconfigurable Antennas has a great significance in wireless communication consist extensively for defense and in themarket.Theantenna could be reconfigured making use of the diodes.[9] It has the potential to modify the operating frequency, radiation pattern & polarization in form of real time.[11]Moreover, when the antennas are Reconfigurable the polarization involves linear, right- hand & left- hand polarization.[12] The extreme hindrances of patch antenna bandwidth is restricted, gain is not high, little efficiency, lesser power and inadequate polarization. Therefore, in order to conquer the indicated numerous obstacles few resolutions have been recommended for instance slots, coaxial probe feeding techniques and diodes. [1-2] Furthermore another specific approach is the utility of peculiar model of the patch which aims resonance at frequency & hides surfacecurrent wavesconsidering modes. Since the relevance of the applicability of Elliptical Patch antenna came into existence the consequenceofthefactthat category regarding insignificant character sketchofantenna have larger capacity.Wecanalsoregulatecontrastingshapes in the manner of circular, rectangular, square, helical & elliptical shape.[2] Consideringthepolarizationof ellipse the tangential part of the elliptical angleshowstheproportionof minor axis to major axis.[10] Including the consideration of slots where diodes are positioned the gain, low permittivity & bandwidth of patch antennas can be progressed. Through controlled slots, Patch antennas get impacted. Diodes and capacitor have a positive display on patch antenna.[4] Henceforth this conditions can execute the demands for the evolution of wireless technologies. 1.1 Antenna Configuration In this antenna the dimension of the substrate is 30mm x 30mm x 1.8mm at position -15, -15, 0. The material used for the substrate is FR4epoxy. Dimensions are 0mm x 0mm x 1.8mm where radius is taken as 7mm and ratio 2. The elliptical patch has been dividedintotwosectionbyaslotand in between the divided section two square slots are notched placing two diodes into square shape. The material of the diode taken is copper. Both the dimension of diode is 2mm x 2mm x 1mm. The copper diodes behaves as a switch. The coaxial feeding is terminated using cylinder 2 and cylinder 3 as pec. Slot with two diodes are attached to the patch.
2.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1651 Fig-1: Structure of the Antenna 2. Tables, Simulations and Results Table -1: Switching operation of diodes Condi tions of Diode Return loss(dB ) VSW R Gain (dBi ) Direc tivity (dB) Radiati on (GHz) D1 & D2 ON - 16.3520 2.664 7 2.70 20 6.181 3 8.5306 D1 ON & D2 OFF - 14.9163 3.153 3 3.09 43 6.400 5 8.7143 D1 OFF & D2 ON -18.08 2.178 3 2.85 68 6.142 7 8.7143 D1 & D2 OFF - 15.5134 2.939 6 3.14 75 6.342 0 8.7143 2 4 6 8 10 -20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 ReturnLossi.e.S11 indB Frequency in GHz (a) 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 vswrindB Frequency in GHz (b) 0 2 4 6 8 10 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 GainindB Frequency in GHz (c) 0 2 4 6 8 10 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 DirectivityindB Frequency in GHz (d) feed d1 d2 patch substrate
3.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1652 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 Radiation at Frequency= 8.5306 and phi=0 deg. Radiation at Frequency= 8.5306 and phi=90 deg. (e) Fig-3: Diode D1 and D2 both in ON condition, (a) Return loss (b) vswr, (c) Gain, (d) directivity, and (e) Radiation pattern The Figure-3 shows that when both the diodes are ON the values are as follows R1 =85 ohm; L1=0.1nH; C1= not assigned; R2=85ohm; L2=0.1;C2=notassignedwhichshows the return loss as -16.3520dB, VSWR 2.6647, Gain of the antenna is 2.7020 and the Directivity is 6.1813dBi at radiation frequency 8.5306GHz. 0 2 4 6 8 10 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 ReturnLossindB Frequency in GHz (a) 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 vswrindB Frequency in GHz (b) 0 2 4 6 8 10 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 GainindB Frequency in GHz (c) 0 2 4 6 8 10 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 DirectivityindB Frequency in GHZ (d) -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 Radiation at Frequency= 8.7143 and phi=0 deg. Radiation at Frequency= 8.7143 and phi=90 deg. (e) Fig-3: Diode D1 on and D2 in off condition, (a) Return loss (b) vswr, (c) Gain, (d) directivity, and (e) Radiation pattern Figure-3 shows when Diode d1ON andd2OFFthevaluesare R1= 85ohm; L1=0.1nH; C1= not assigned; R2= 85kohm; L2= 0.1; C2=100pF. The return loss S11 is -14.9163, VSWR 3.1533, Gain of the antenna is 3.0943, Directivityis6.4005at radiation frequency 8.7143GHz.
4.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1653 0 2 4 6 8 10 -20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 ReturnLossi.e.s11 indB Frequency in GHz (a) 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 vswrindB Frequency in GHz (b) 0 2 4 6 8 10 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 GainindB Frequency in GHz (c) 0 2 4 6 8 10 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 DirectivityindB Frequency in GHz (d) -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 Radiation at Frequency=8.7143 and phi=0 deg. Radiation at Frequency=8.7143 and phi=90 deg. (e) Fig4: Diode D1 off and D2 in on condition, (a) Return loss (b) vswr, (c) Gain, (d) directivity, and (e) Radiation pattern Figure- 4 shows for condition D1 OFF and D2 ON the values are R1=85 kohm; L1= 0.1nH; C1= 100pF; R2=85ohm; L2= 0.1; C2= not assigned which indicates the antenna return loss as -18.08 dB, VSWR 2.1783, Gain 2.8568dBi and Directivity 6.1427dBi at radiation frequency 8.7143GHz. 0 2 4 6 8 10 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 Returnlossi.e.S11 indB Frequency in GHz (a) 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 vswrindB Frequency in GHz (b)
5.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1654 0 2 4 6 8 10 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 GainindB Frequency in GHz (c) 0 2 4 6 8 10 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 DirectivityindB Frequency in GHz (d) -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 Radiation at Frequency=8.7143 and phi=0 deg. Radiation at Frequency=8.7143 and phi=90 deg. (e) Fig-5: Diode D1 and D2 both in ON condition, (a) Return loss (b) vswr, (c) Gain, (d) directivity, and (e) Radiation pattern When both the diodes are OFF the values of the antenna are R1=85kOhm;L1=0.1nH;C1=100pF;R2=85kOhm;L2=0.1nH; C2=100pF the figure-5 shows the return loss -15.5134dB, VSWR as 2.9396, Gain of the antenna 3.1475dBi, Directivity 6.3420dBi at radiation frequency 8.7143GHz. 3. CONCLUSIONS The behavior of the diode towards elliptical patch are studied for varied conditions of diode switching detecting the properties of the designedantenna comparativelyreturn loss, vswr, gain, directivity and radiation frequency. The termination showing return loss is analyzed in terms of S- parameters S11. Fig 1 demonstrates the purposed antenna of Return loss S11 as -16.35dB at 8.53GHz. The VSWR for first condition is 2.6. Gain of the antenna denotes as 2.7dBi and the directivity 6.1813dB. The Fig 2 presents the 2nd condition of diode operation causing the value of the Return loss S11 at 8.7GHz that is - 14.9163dB. VSWR obtained is 3.15, the antenna Gain acheived is 3.09dBi and Directivitybecomes6.4dB.Likewise, Fig 3 and Fig4 radiates at similar resonance frequency 8.7143GHz due to the value of capacitance determined. The frequency increments from 8.5GHz to 8.7GHz but with dissimilar parameters. The Return loss for 3rd and 4th conditions are -18.08dB and -15.5dB. The Gain and directivity of the antenna becomes better from the first condition. In addition,thediodeconditionsthetabledisplays the details of switching operation activating in a patch antenna. It is clearly revealed that when the Diode D1 is ON and D2 is OFF a good return loss, VSWR, Gain and Directivity is derived. Return loss S11 -18.08 dB radiating at 8.7GHz frequency has a satisfying VSWR of 2.1 whose antenna gain is 2.8dBi and directivity of 6.1427dB. This is accessed by unceasingly harmonizing the capacitance of the diode. The Return loss for the last condition S11 at 8.7GHz frequency is - 15.5dB. Also, the radiation patterns shows the polarization of the antenna. REFERENCES 1. Ridhi Gupta and Sanjay Gupta," Shifted Elliptical Slot in Microstrip Patch Antenna for increasing BW and Gain."IJARCEE Vol.2, Issue 4,April 2013. 2. AjinkyaPingale," Design of Elliptical Microstrip Antenna for Ultra wide Band Applications." IJETR, vol.3, Issue, March 2015. 3. PratibhaSekra,SumitaShekhawatandManojDubey," Design of circulatory polarized edge truncated elliptical patch antenna with improved performance,"Indian Journal of Radio & Space Physics, vol.40,pp227-333, August 2011. 4. Vijay Sharma & Deepak Bhatnagar," Radiation Performance of an Elliptical Patch Antenna with three orthogonal Sector Slots," RomanianJournal of Infor. Science & Tech, vol. 14, No.2, 123-130, March 2011. 5. RitikaTandon&TejbirSingh," VaractordiodeLoaded Reconfigurable Patch Antenna with Adjustable Slots," IJCA(0975-8887), vol 128, No.14, October 2015. 6. Zi Dong Liu & Peter S. Hall," Dual-Frequency Planar Inverted-F Antenna," IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Prop., vol. 45, No. 10, Oct 1997.
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1655 7. Mingwu Yang & Yinchao Chen," A Novel U-shaped Planar Microstrip Antenna for Dual-Frequency Mobile TelephoneCommunications," IEEETrans.on Antennas and Prop.,vol.49, No. 6, June 2001. 8. Zhi zhang Chen & Acep D. Ganjara," A Dual L- Antenna with a Novel Tuning Technique for Dual Frequency Applications," IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Prop, vol. 50, No.3, March 2002. 9. Mohammad Ali & T.M. Sayem," A Reconfigurable Stacked Microstrip Patch Antenna for Satellite and Terrestrial Links," IEEE Trans. on Vehicular Technology, vol.56, No. 2, March 2007. 10. Sujatha Ramanujan,Govind P.Agrawal,Fellow,IEEE, James M. Chwalek and Herbert Winful, Fellow, IEEE" Elliptical polarization Emission from GaAlAs Laser Diodes in an External Cavity Configuration," IEEE Journal of Quantum electronics,Vol. 32, No.2, Feb 1996. 11. Pawan Pujari & KirtiVyas," ReconfigurableAntenna (Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna) using Varactor Diodes," IJARCS, vol.4, No.3, March 2013. 12. Yu- Ming Lee & Shen Cherng,"A Novel Design of Reconfigurable Annular Slot Active Patch," PIERS Proceedings, Taipei, March 2013. BIOGRAPHIES Arita Basumatary, M.Tech st scholar, Dept. of Electronics & Communication, SIET, SHUATS, Allahabad. Dr. Anil Kumar, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electronics & & Communication, SIET, SHUATS, Allahabad. Dr. Rajeev Paulus, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electronics & Communication, SIET, SHUATS, Allahabad Prof. A.K. Jaiswal, Head of the Dept. of Electronics & Comm. SIET, SHUATS, Allahabad Mrs. Ekta Chauhan, Assistant Professor, Dept of Physics, SIET, SHUATS, Allahabad
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