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IRJET- Piezo as Vibration Sensor using Amplifier Circuit
1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2522 Piezo as Vibration Sensor Using Amplifier Circuit Gulab Jain J K1, Manoj S2, P Muzamil3, Karjala Pavan Kumar4 1Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, GITAM School of Technology, Bengaluru 2,3,4Department of Electronics and communication Engineering, GITAM School of Technology, Bengaluru ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract This article comprises of explaining how a piezomodulecanbeusedasavibrationsensorbyusingamplifiercircuitand Arduino UNO as a microcontroller. Usually, seismometer is used as a vibration sensorortocalculatemovementsofthe Earthcrust. But, these seismometers are larger in size. And cannot be used for the smaller application. The piezo as a vibration sensor is very much compact compared to the seismometer and can be used in all smaller applications. By amplifier circuit, even the small vibrations can be recorded using piezo. Key Words: Piezo module, operational amplifier, Arduino UNO as micro controller, seismometer, vibrations, amplification 1. INTRODUCTION In seismometer, a large weight is suspended by spring to record the vibrationsortopredeterminethe earthquakes. Andforthe precise recording of the vibration high-cost components are required.Ina similarwayforthesameapplication,a piezomodule can be used to record the vibrations easily with low-costcomponents.Thereare many disadvantagesinseismometerandsome of those disadvantages can be overcome by the piezo module as a vibration sensor using an operational amplifier circuit. Though piezo as a vibration sensor has many disadvantages for theeconomical andefficientpurposeitcanbeused. Thisdevice is very much compact when compared to a normal seismometer. 1.1 WORKING OF PIEZO MODULE The mechanical stress (vibrational energy) applied to piezo crystal is directly proportional tothegeneratedvoltage,itis called a piezoelectric effect. Initially, the electric dipoles are at rest and are distributed randomly in the crystal so net polarisation is zero, this will maintain symmetry. When mechanical stress is applied to the piezoelectric crystal, the domains get disturbed which are at rest, and are aligned in particular direction, this causes distribution of charges in opposite phases of the crystal and it results in the generation of electricity, once the domains are disturbed they will not return to their original positionand electricity produced by these crystal is an AC current and by using rectifiers we can convert it into DC current. 1.2 HOW THE PIZEO MODULE CAN BE USED AS A VIBRATION SENSOR ? I. As we discussed the working of piezo before, we know that the amount of voltage generated by the piezo module is directly proportional to the amount of stress applied to it. Using this the main origin of an idea. II. An operational amplifier circuit is used to amplify the voltage generated from the piezo module. Piezo module produces a very low voltage which may not be able to plot a graph hence amplifier circuit come into picture here. III. Operational amplifier circuit has a capacity of amplifying millivolts and microvoltstovolts.Theamountofvoltage generated form piezo will be in millivolts. when this voltage is passed through the operational amplifiercircuit,it amplifies the voltages from millivolts to volts. IV. Using this output voltage from amplifier circuit a digital graph and voltages can be recorded easily. V. This can be achieved using the Arduino UNO board as a microcontroller to convert analog input to digital output. VI. To record vibrations in other planets instead of seismometer, piezo can be used since it has very low weight than seismometer and it is very economical when weight is reduced.
2.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2523 2. OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT USED 3. Observation during experiment No vibrations recorded Small vibration are recorded
3.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2524 Large vibrations are recorded 4. Code Used to record vibration values through micro controller (Arduino UNO) Programming language – Java int Pr = 0; // will be used for analog 0. int PrValue = 0; // value of output void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); //start serial Monitor } void loop() { PrValue = analogRead(Pr); Serial.println(PrValue); //prints value delay(5); // value updated every perticular period of time. } 5. Model representation
4.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2525 6. Advantages of piezo module as vibration sensor Compact physical device It has negligible phase shift Can be used for smaller apllications Simple and easy code to program micro controller Vibrations are not recorded which are caused by wind Good frequency response 7. Disadvantages of piezo module as vibration sensor High temperature sensitivity Some crystals get dissolved in high humid environment One single module can record vibrations from one directions only 8. Conclusion Since the device is very compact in nature, for space research applications it can be used instead of sending heavy weight devices like seismometer. As the weight decreases its more economical in space research applications 9. References Introduction to Seismology by Peter M. Shearer text book Piezo electric ceramics principles and applications by APC text book
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