1. A Project Report
On
“INTRUSION ALERT SYSTEM”
Submitted for partial fulfillment
of
Bachelor of Technology
in
Electronics & Communication Engineering
Submittedto: Submitted by:
ArpitSharma
Jaipur Engineering College & Research Centre, Jaipur
Session: 2012 – 13
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2. Preface
Engineering students gain theoretical knowledge only through books. Only theoretical
knowledge is not sufficient for absolute mastery in any field. Theoretical knowledge in our
books is not of much use without knowing its practical implementation. It has been experienced
that theoretical knowledge is volatile in nature; however, practical knowledge imparts solid
foundation in our mind.
This practical knowledge creates the difference between a student and a professional,
hence it is very essential for every engineering student to take up an initiative to make project
which can be helpful for gaining knowledge and improving society.
This report is in fact a summary of, what I have learnt and seen and done during my
project titled “INTRUSION ALERT SYSTEM” Succeeding chapters give details what I have
learnt in Jaipur Engineering College and Research Centre, Jaipur.
Arpit Sharma
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3. Acknowledgement
Working on the project is one of the important aspects for an engineering student‟s career. It is
to strengthen the practical concepts. During this project student is acquainted with the latest
technology and recent development in their field. A student learns to use his practical knowledge
in project and capacity of understanding real life problems.
Thus making this project was not an easy task, there were many glitches and complications
which I faced while implementing my idea. But with support of faculty and friends I successfully
accomplished it so I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to all those who have helped me
during this time.
Firstly, I convey my sincere thanks to all the employees of,ECE Department of JECRC Jaipur.
Their support and guidance are omnipotent and incompatible throughout the project period. I
convey special thanks to Mr. blah blahfor providing me the opportunity to undergo this project
and I express thanks to all department members for their help and cooperation.
Arpit Sharma
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4. Contents
S. No. Chapter Page no
1. Introduction 5-6
2. Circuit Design 7-21
3. Implementation 22-33
4. Conclusion 34
5. List of References 35
6. Future scope 36
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5. Introduction
INTRUSION ALERT SYSTEM
Nowadays with advent of technology in various fields there is substantial growth made in
existing systems of security too. Security is one of the most important concerns whether it is
related to security of person or product or maybe ideas when it comes to protecting these
everyone wants to rely on system which is economical, powerful, highly responsive. This project
has the capability to fulfill all these requirements when used by right people for a good and right
purpose
As it is evident from the name of project that it will give alert about the intrusions in the but this
definition is not sufficient the beauty of the project lies in the way it is used for providing alerts
or we may say how the system detects unauthorized or authorized access. Prime feature of this
project is that it not only detects the interception but also the location of interception.
All entries and exits are controlled by central monitoring unit in which there is single bit display
that tells the location of unwanted person. I have used single bit display because I am using only
4 gates, capacity of display can be increased by just changing interfacing according to number of
gates used. This low cost circuitry proves helpful in detecting unwanted person and his location
just monitoring by single man. The alert is made whenever LOS between transmission and
receiver pair is disturbed by any external body this is described in detail in the implementation
part of this project report.
This project doesn‟t uses any software implementation it is a type of analog digital circuit which
uses analog disturbance as input and gives output in the form of digital display which indicates
the gate number and if two gates are disturbed then the display will show the sum of gate
numbers that means the circuit is not blocked by two inputs we can use all the gates at same
time. This feature enables the counter trick for blocking one gate in existing security systems it
has all four gates working on single display systems. Hence it is more efficient then existing
systems so there is no chance of comparing this system with those common systems which are
visible nowadays in almost all shopping malls, cinema halls or protected areas where trespassing
is not allowed.
Main and foremost feature of this circuit is the use of simple and low cost circuit for such an
important task of security although there may occur few problems in this circuit by microwave
interference as it uses only the smaller transmitter receiver pair which is input to simple logic
gates. Basic operation of this circuit is explained on next page in the subsequent paragraph.
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6. BASIC OPERATION OF SYSTEM
We can use simple and reliable security system as a watchdog by installing the sensing loops
around our building. We use transmitter and receiver as sensor for sense the unauthorized entry
into your premises. Transmitter and receiver 1, 2 and 4 are connected to the A, B and C inputs
of 7-segment decoder 4511 (IC1), respectively, while the D input of IC1 is grounded
permanently The transmitter and receiver are also connected to a dual 3-input NOR gate and
inverter CD4000 (IC2) to activate the alarm.
Before using this security system, make sure that transmitter and receiver must alien with each
other The circuit works off a 9V regulated power supply. However, battery back-up is
recommended. A common anode, 7-segment display (LTS542) is used for displaying whether
the tx and rx are intact or not. If tx rx1 is interrupted , the display will show „1‟. If two or all the
three txrx is interrupted, the display will show the sum of the respective broken loop numbers.
For example, if loops 1 and 4 are broken, the display will show 5(1+4). When all the three loops
are intact, the display will show „0.‟ All the three inputs of gate N1 remain low to give a high
output. This high output is further given to gate N2 and, as a result, its output remains low. This
keeps transistor T1 in cut-off position and the Piezo buzzer does not sound. When any loop is
broken, the output of NOR gate N1 goes low, while the output of gate N2 goes high. Transistor
T1 conducts and the buzzer sounds to alert you. You can mute the buzzer by switching off power
to the circuit through switch S1.
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7. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
Circuit description part of this project can be divided into 3 parts
1. Component description
2. Block diagram
3. Layout diagram
4. Circuit diagram
Component description
Various electronic components used in this project are:
IC CD4511 1
DISPLAY LTS542 1
IC CD4000 1
IC BC574 1
LED 4
BUZZER 1
POWER SOURCE 1 9V
RESISTORS 3 1MΩ
1 100KΩ
1 1KΩ
CONNECTING WIRES
PCB
WORK BOARD
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8. CD4511
BCD-to-7 Segment Latch/Decoder/Driver
General Description
The CD4511BC BCD-to-seven segment latch/decoder/ driver is constructed with complementary
MOS (CMOS) enhancement mode devices and NPN bipolar output drivers in a single monolithic
structure. The circuit provides the functions of a 4-bit storage latch, an 8421 BCD-to-seven
segment decoder, and an output drive capability. Lamp test(LT), blanking (BI), and latch enable
(LE) inputs are used to test the display, to turn-off or pulse modulate the brightness of the
display, and to store a BCD code, respectively. It can be used with seven-segment light emitting
diodes (LED), incandescent, fluorescent, gas discharge, or liquid crystal readouts either directly
or indirectly.
Applications include instrument (e.g., counter, DVM, etc.) display driver, computer/calculator
display driver, cockpit display driver, and various clock, watch, and timer uses.
Features
_ Low logic circuit power dissipation
_ High current sourcing outputs (up to 25 mA)
_ Latch storage of code
_ Blanking input
_ Lamp test provision
_ Readout blanking on all illegal input combinations
_ Lamp intensity modulation capability
_ Time share (multiplexing) facility
_ Equivalent to Motorola MC14511
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10. LTS542
SINGLE DIGIT LED DISPLAY
0.52 inch digit height
Continuous uniform segment
Low power requirement
Excellent character appearance
High brightness and high contrast
Wide viewing angle
Solid state reliability
Categorized for luminous intensity
LTS542 is 0.52 inch digit height single digit seven segment display the device utilizes red LED
chips which are made of GaAsP on a transparent GaP substrate, and has a gray face with white
segments.
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12. CD4000
Quad 2-Input NOR Buffered B Series Gate •
Quad 2-Input NAND Buffered B Series Gate
General Description
The CD4000BC quad gates are monolithic complementary MOS (CMOS) integrated circuits
constructed with N- and P-channel enhancement mode transistors.
They have equal source and sink current capabilities and conform to standard B series output
drive.
The devices also have buffered outputs which improve transfer characteristics by providing very
high gain.
All inputs are protected against static discharge with diodes to VDD and VSS.
Features
Low power TTL:
Fan out of 2 driving 74L compatibility: or 1 driving 74LS
5V–10V–15V parametric ratings
Symmetrical output characteristics
Maximum input leakage 1 mA at 15V over full temperature range
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF CD4000 BC
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13. CONNECTION DIAGRAM OF CD4000
Operating Range (VDD) 3 VDC to 15 VDC
Operating Temperature Range 40 C to 85 C
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14. BC574
OCTAL D FLIP FLOP
The HD74BC574A provides high drivability and operation equal to or better than high speed
bipolar standard logic IC by using Bi-CMOS process. The device features low power dissipation
that is about 1/5 of high speed bipolar logic IC, when the frequency is 10 MHz. The device has
eight edge triger D type flip flops with three state outputs in a 20 pin package.
Data at the D inputs meeting set up requirements, are transferred to the Q outputs on positive
going transitions of the clock input. When the latch enable goes low, data at the D inputs will be
retained at the outputs until latch enable returns high again. When a high logic level is applied to
the output control input, all outputs go to a high impedance state, regardless of what signals are
present at the other inputs and the state of the strage elements.
Features
Input/Output are at high impedance state when power supply is off.
Built in input pull up circuit can make input pins be open, when not used.
TTL level input
Wide operating temperature rangeTa = –40 to + 85°C
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16. BUZZER
FEATURES
• The PS series are high-performance buzzers that employ unimorph piezoelectric elements and
are designed for easy incorporation into various circuits.
• They feature extremely low power consumption in comparison to electromagnetic units.
• Because these buzzers are designed for external excitation, the same part can serve as both a
musical tone oscillator and a
buzzer.
• They can be used with automated inserters. Moisture-resistant models are also available.
• The lead wire type(PS1550L40N) with both-sided adhesive tape installed easily is prepared.
APPLICATIONS
Electric ranges, washing machines, computer terminals, various devices that require
speech synthesis output.
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18. Resistors:
This is the most common component in electronics. It is used mainly to control current and
voltage within the circuit. You can identify a simple resistor by its simple cigar shape with a wire
lead coming out of each end.
In this project three 1megaohm, one 1kiloohm, one 100kiloohm resistors are used.
LED(LIGHT EMITTING DIODE)
CIRCUIT SYMBOL
LEDs emit light when an electric current passes through them. In this project LED works as
transmitter of microwave frequency which is received by receiver at the other end
4 LEDs are used in this circuit which are colorless and do not produce visible light rather it
produces wave in microwave frequency which is invisible
POWER SOURCE
Alkaline bar battery of value 9V is used for this prototype of the project. Battery power must be
enhanced if the system is to be used on extensive scale or ac power can be used.
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19. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF INTRUSION ALERT SYSTEM
1 BIT
BUZZE DISPLAY
R
Tx-Rx Tx Rx
CENTRAL MONITORING
1 2
UNIT
Tx Rx
Tx Rx
4
3
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22. IMPLEMENTATION
Implementation part of this project can be divided in 2 parts:
1. Principle
2. Construction
3. Working
PRINCIPLE
it is a system designed to detect intrusion – unauthorized entry – into a building or area. They are
also called security alarms, security systems, alarm systems, perimeter detection systems,
and similar terms.
It can be used in residential, commercial, industrial, and military properties for protection against
burglary (theft) or property damage, as well as personal protection against intruders. Car alarms
likewise protect vehicles and their contents. Prisons also use security systems for control of
inmates.
Some alarm systems serve a single purpose of burglary protection; combination systems provide
both fire and intrusion protection. Intrusion alarm systems may also be combined with closed-
circuit televisionsurveillance systems to automatically record the activities of intruders, and may
interface to access control systems for electrically locked doors. Systems range from small, self-
contained noisemakers, to complicated, multi-area systems with computer monitoring and
control.
Microwave detectors
This device emits microwaves from a transmitter and detects any reflected microwaves or
reduction in beam intensity using a receiver. The transmitter and receiver are usually combined
inside a single housing (monostatic) for indoor applications, and separate housings (bistatic) for
outdoor applications. To reduce false alarms this type of detector is usually combined with a
passive infrared detector or "Dualtec" alarm.
Microwave detectors respond to a Doppler shift in the frequency of the reflected energy, by a
phase shift, or by a sudden reduction of the level of received energy. Any of these effects may
indicate motion of an intruder.
Wireless systems, on the other hand, often use battery-powered transmitters which are easier to
install and have less expensive start-up costs, but may reduce the reliability of the system if the
batteries are not maintained. Depending on distance and construction materials, one or more
wireless repeaters may be required to get the signal to the alarm panel reliably. A wireless
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23. system can be moved to a new home easily, an advantage for those who rent or who move
frequently. The more important wireless connection for security is the one between the control
panel and the monitoring station. Wireless monitoring of the alarm system protects against a
burglar cutting a cable or from failures of an internet provider. This full wireless setup is
commonly referred to as 100% wireless.
CONSTRUCTION
The project is constructed in accordance to the circuit diagram shown on previous pages
common circuit construction devices such as PCB, solder machine are used to join various
components of the circuit.
1.1 Cleaning for soldering:
1. Ensure that parts to be soldered and the PCB are clean and free from dirt or grease.
2. Use isopropyl alcohol with the help of non-static bristol brush for cleaning.
3. Use lint-free muslin cloth for wiping or alternatively use mild soapsolution followed by
thorough rinsing with water and drying.
1.2 Tips for good Soldering:
1. Use 15 to 25 watt soldering iron for general work involving small joints and for CMOS IC‟s,
FETS and ASIC‟S use temprature controlled soldering station ensuring that the tip temperature is
maintained within 330-350 deg. centigrade.
2. For bigger joints use elevated temperature as per job.
3. Before using a new tip, ensure that it is tinned and before applying the tip to the job, wipe it
using a wet sponge.
4. Use 60 : 40 (tin : lead) resin core (18-20 SWG) solder.
5. Ensure that while applying the tip to the job, the tip of the soldering iron is held at an angle
such that the tip grazes the surface to be heated and ensure that it does not transfer heat to other
joints/components in its vicinity at the same time heating all parts of joint equally.
6. Heat the joint for just the.right amount of time, during which a very short length of solder
flows over the joint and then smoothly withdraw the tip.
7. Do not carry molten solder to the joint.
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24. 8. Do not heat the electronic parts for more than 2-4 seconds since most of them are sensitive to
heat.
9. Apply one to three mm solder which is neither too less nor too much and adequate for a
normal joint.
10. Do not move the components until the molten solder, at the joint has cooled.
Working
Working of the circuit is very easy :
First step is to connect the power source.
The circuit is inspected for any short circuit or loose wires.
Then object is kept at different gates to observe the display and buzzer sound
These steps are explained diagrammatically in subsequent pages
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25. CASE 1
BUZZE 1
R
Tx-Rx
CENTRAL MONITORING
1
UNIT
When transmitter receiver pair 1 is intruded
Display shows 1 and buzzer beeps
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26. CASE 2
When transmitter receiver pair 2 is intruded
Display shows 2 and buzzer beeps
2
BUZZE
R
CENTRAL MONITORING
UNIT
Tx-Rx
2
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27. CASE 3
BUZZE 3
R
Tx-Rx
CENTRAL MONITORING
3
UNIT
When transmitter receiver pair 3 is intruded
Display shows 3 and buzzer beeps
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28. CASE 4
BUZZE
4
R
Tx-Rx
CENTRAL MONITORING
4
UNIT
When transmitter receiver pair 4 is intruded
Display shows 4 and buzzer beeps
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29. CASE 5
5
BUZZE
R
Tx Rx
CENTRAL MONITORING
2
UNIT
Tx Rx
3
When gates 2 and 3 are intruded display shows the sum
2+3=5 and buzzer beeps.
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30. CASE 6
6
BUZZE
R
Tx-Rx Tx Rx
CENTRAL MONITORING
1 2
UNIT
Tx Rx
3
When gates 1, 2 and 3 are intruded display shows the
sum 1+2+3=6 and buzzer beeps.
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31. CASE 7
7
BUZZE
R
Tx-Rx Tx Rx
CENTRAL MONITORING
1 2
UNIT
Tx Rx
4
When gates 1, 2, 4 are intruded display shows the sum
1+2+4=9 and buzzer beeps.
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33. CASE 8
9
BUZZE
R
Tx-Rx Tx Rx
CENTRAL MONITORING
1 2
UNIT
Tx Rx
Tx Rx
4
3
When all the gates are intruded display shows the sum
1+2+3+4=9 and buzzer beeps.
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34. Conclusion
After considerable efforts and hard work I have successfully accomplished making this project
INTRUSION ALERT SYSTEM. This system is very handy and easy to install so there is a
possibility that it is going to replace existing systems of same purpose.
This system detects any unauthorized intrusions on the different entry exits of the premises and
alert about it will be made to central monitoring system. Although there are lot more efforts to be
made for making it perfectly usable in real time applications. There is possibility of encountering
some complications in applying it to practical scenario. But these complications can be easily
overcome by a little more efforts for converting a prototype to device.
This prototype has numerous advantages over currently used systems in terms of principle as
well as construction and working. In this report I had explained each basic and detail related to
this system so that it may prove a self-sufficient manuscript for further work on this project.
With a lot more learning on the topic I conclude my project report by stating that it was really a
nice experience working on this project INTRUSION ALERT SYSTEM.
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35. List of References
1. http://seminarprojects.com/projectlist/ece
2. http://takingelectronics.com
3. http://www.engineersgarage.com/electronic-circuits
4. M.Morris Mano for Digital DesignPerentice Hall publications
5. http://www.mikroe.com/old/books/keu/00.htm
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36. Future Work
Scope of this system can be easily extended in future due to its high reusability. It is highly
sensitive to any kind of access via gates to the premises the fast response of this system makes it
extremely useful for modern day security enhancements
Its easy integrity with security systems may result in to an efficient device for stopping unwanted
access to houses, offices, industries as well as other areas where security is needed. This system
can be interfaced with
CCTV systems
Burglars alarms
GSM systems
Barrier systems
Smart card entry systems
Biometric access systems
for providing automatic security solutions thereby resolving various problems which
occur on using this system all alone. But all these extensions require adequate amount of
knowledge and research for implementing in real timescenarios.
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