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1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 12 | Dec 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 426
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF GEOPOLYMER COMPOSITE WITH
DYE SLUDGE
Mr. K. Harish1, Mr. Amir Suhail P.T 2
1Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, RVS Technical Campus –Coimbatore
Coimbatore 641402, India
2PG Student, Department of Civil Engineering, RVS Technical Campus –Coimbatore Coimbatore 641402, India
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Abstract - A new class of Geo-polymer composites, as
materials substitute to traditional binders, was produced and
its potentialities as refurbishment material in Cultural
Heritage has been discovered. Thismaterialhasbeenprepared
through a reticulation reaction in mild circumstancesofamet
kaolin-based Geo-polymer mineral matrix and a commercial
epoxy resin and dye sludge. The freshly prepared slurry
displays a consistency, work ability and phototropic behavior
that make it suitable to be spread on different substrates in
restoration, renovation and reinforcement actions, flat on
walls and ceilings. Applicability and compatibility testsontuff
and concrete substrates were accepted out and the micro
structure of the samples in correspondence of the transition
zone was examined by means of scanning electronmicroscope
(SEM) remarks and energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS)
mapping. Our educations point out the creation of a
continuous phase betweentheGeo-polymercompositeand tuff
and concrete substrates, highlighting a high compatibility of
the Geo-polymer binder with different kinds of materials.
These structures specify a large possible for applications of
these ingredients in Cultural Heritage.
Key Words: GeoPolymer, Dye, Sludge, Composite
1. INTRODUCTION
Geo-polymer were first mentionedby Davidovitsintheearly
1970s to describeinorganic materialswithpolymericSi-O-Al
bonds obtained from the chemical reaction of alumino
silicate oxides with alkali silicates. The network is made up
with SiO4 and AlO4 tetrahedra linked alternatelybysharing
all oxygen atoms. The Al3+in IV-foldcoordination becomesa
network forming but requires extra charge to compensate,
which forces the presence of cations in the framework to
balance the structure.
2. Literature Review
In this chapter, the works carried out by some of the earlier
investigators on light weight aggregate and waste
management concreate blocks are briefly given.
Ashutosh Das and Mukesh Goel (2015) Growing
industrialization is producing numerous products and also
lots of waste. Most of this waste causes risk of hazard to
humans and the environment. As per USEPA, “Hazardous
waste is waste that is dangerous or potentially harmful to
our health or the environment. The degree of hazard may
vary in addition to the quantity of the waste produced. By
nature, hazardous waste complicates the process of
collection, handling, treatment and disposal, and, of course
expensive and risk involved. Typical example of suchwastes
include heavy metals such as Chromium, Mercury, Nickel,
Cyanide, etc and oil and grease laden wastes with toxic
metals.
Basavaraju Manu, Shrihari Surathkal and Shrikant
Jahagirdar (2015) Study deals with reuse of textile mill
sludge in making cement bases solid blocks which can be
used in practice for bulk usage of sludge. Textile sludge and
fly ash are analyzed by using XRF technique. Textilesludgeis
mixed with cement and later with combination of cement
and fly ash to make solid blocks. Solid blocks are tested for
compressive strength. To study the post effects of thesludge
reuse, water used for curing (curing of water) is also
analyzed for different parameters such as pH, EC, Solids,
Hardness, chlorides etc by standard methods. Additionof fly
ash reduces the leaching from the solid blocks. Compressive
strength of cement and sludge blocks is 23.8 N/mm2,
whereas solid blocks made of sludge, cement and fly ash
shown compressive strength of 29 N/mm2. Reuse of textile
mill sludge as building material will increase bulk usage of
sludge in future, thus completely eliminating landfilling
disposal option.
Chandak N. R. and Amit Babu The process of soil
stabilization helps to achieve the required properties in a
soil needed for the construction work. Theattempthadbeen
made to investigate the effect of lime sludge obtained from
paper mill as waste on the strength and compactionofsandy
soil with plasticity. The basic properties of soil like liquid
limit, plastic limit, shear strength and MDD & OMC were
determined before and after addition of lime sludge. The
lime sludge was added at 3%, 6% and 9% by weight of soil
and mixed with soil at optimum moisturecontent.Thedirect
shear and compaction tests were conducted without curing
of the specimens. It was observed that addition of lime
sludge in sandy soil improves the shear strength.
Dr. Abhipsa R MakwanaTreatmentoftextilewastewateror
dye wastewater is little difficult suing biological treatment
for wastewater like activated sludge process due tocomplex
nature of the dye. This paper reports pre-feasibility study of
activated sludge process for simulated dye waste removal.
Activated sludge process involves biomass development,
acclimatization if complex waste are to be treated. Here
active biomass was developed from domestic sewage and
then it was acclimatized for Navy Blue 3G dye andoptimized

2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 12 | Dec 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 427
mix system of 70-30 ratio (Dye effluent –sewage) has been
suggested with 20 hr as optimum detention time. Optimized
system shows 91% of average dye removal.
Dr. Jayeshkumar Pitroda and G I Joshi Hypo Sludge or
paper mill sludge or textile mill is a major economic and
environmental problem for the paper and other industry.
The material is a by-product of the deinking and re-pulping
of paper. The million tons quantity of paper mill sludge
produced in the world. The main recycling and disposal
routes for paper sludge are land-spreading as agricultural
fertilizer, producing paper sludge ash, or disposal to landfill,
Hypo sludge is investigated for its use as a partial
replacement for cement in cement mortar (1:3). The
utilization of Hypo Sludgeascementreplacementmaterial in
mortar or as additive in cement introduces many benefits
from economical, technical and environmental points of
view. Four sets of mixture proportions were made. First
were control mix (without Hypo Sludge) with regional fine
aggregate (sand)) and the other mixes contained Hypo
Sludge obtained from J. K. Papers mill Pvt. Ltd, plant near
Songadh, Tapi District in Gujarat State. The compressive
strength has been obtainedwithpartial replacementofHypo
Sludge with cement. Test results indicate the decreases in
the strength properties of mortar with Hypo Sludge for
strength at 7 &28 days as partial replacement with the
cement in the cement mortar 1:3. So it can be used in non-
structural elements in the low range compressive strength
where strength is not required and low cost temporary
structure is prepared.
Vaishali Sahu and Gayathri V The increased demand of
drinking water and power has led huge generation of water
treatment plant residue i.e. sludge and the thermal power
plant by-product such as fly ash. Large quantities of sludge
and fly ash are produced in India and disposed off by
landfilling or dumping in and around sites. In this study fly
ash and water softening sludge (lime sludge) has been
utilized in mortar. Due to the variationofpHvaluecausesskin
problems and other disease. The led content mainly causes
kidney function and have a chance to come kidney stones.
The dumping of sludges in the water resources leads to
change in the physical property such as color odour etc and
chemical property’s such as pH,dissolved contentsandother
thinks are varies.
V. K. Kauthale, P. S. Takawale, P. K. Kulkarni and J. N.
Danie He identified that 10% replacement of fly ash as
bagasse ash in fly ash blocks give acceptable compressive
strength which is almost same compared to normal fly ash
blocks and It reduces the density and cost of blocks. The
reuse of textile sludge to manufacture of blocks as building
or construction materials is a popularidea to eliminatethese
waste materials from environment. Many studies have
already been done to incorporate waste materials or sludge
into the production of blocks or building materials. bending
strength, bending modulus, impact strength and water
uptake (%) is also increases. The effect of various
combinations on strength has been varies with to the mix
proportion.
S.Sudha Pranavi Singaraju,G.Prabhakaran Concrete is a
composite construction material composed of aggregate,
cement and water. There are many formulations that have
varied properties. The aggregate is generally coarse gravel
or crushed rocks such as lime stone or granite, along with a
fine aggregate such as sand. The cement commonlyPortland
cement and other cementitious materials such fly ash and
slag cement, serve as a binder for the aggregate. Various
chemical admixtures are also added to achieve varied
properties. Water is then mixed with this dry composite
which enables it to be shaped and then solidified and
hardened into rock-hard strength through a chemical
process called hydration. The water reacts with the cement
which bonds the other components together, eventually
creating a robust stone-like material. Lime sludge is
generated from paper, acetylene, sugar, fertilizer, sodium
chromate, soda ash industries, and water softening plants.
Approximately 4.5 million tonsofsludgeintotal isgenerated
annually from these industries. Fly ash is a naturally-
cementitious coal combustion by-product.
V Palanisamy Over 300 million tones of industrial wastes
are being produced per annum by chemical and agricultural
process in India. These materials pose problems of disposal
and health hazards. The wastes like phosphogypsum,
fluorogypsum and red mud contain obnoxious impurities
which adversely affect the strength and other properties of
building materials based on them. Out of several wastes
being produced at present, the use of phosphogypsum,
fluorogypsum, lime sludge, hypo sludge, red mud, and mine
tailing is of paramount significance to protect the
environment. Paper making generally produces a large
amount of solid waste. Fibers to join the waste solids. The
shiny finish on glossy magazine-type paper is produced
using a fine kaolin clay coating, which also becomes solid
waste during recycling. Worse yet, some of the wastes are
land spread on cropland as a disposal technique, raising
concerns about trace contaminants building up in soil or
running off into area lakes and streams. Some companies
burn their sludge in incinerators, contributingtoourserious
air pollution problems. To reduce disposal and pollution
problems emanating from these industrial wastes, it is most
essential to develop profitablebuildingmaterialsfromthem.
Keeping this in view, investigations were undertaken to
produce low cast concrete by blending various ratios of
cement with hypo sludge. This project is concerned with
experimental investigation on strength of concrete and
optimum percentage of the partial replacement byreplacing
cement via 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 70% of
Hypo or dye Sludge.

3. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 12 | Dec 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 428
3. Properties and materials used
3.1. Engineering properties of Fly Ash
Specific gravity 1.90-2.55
Plasticity Non Plastic
Proctor compaction 0.90-1.60 gm/cc
Optimum moisture
content
38.0-18.0%
Angle of internalfriction 300-400
Cohesion Negligible
Compression index 0.05-0.4
Permeability (CM/SEC) 105-103
3.2. physical and chemical properties of NaOH
The properties such as appearance,odour,solubility,specific
gravity and etc are detailed below,
Appearance White, deliquescent pellets
or flakes.
Odour Odorless.
Solubility 111 g/100 g of water.
Specific Gravity 2.13
pH 13 - 14 (0.5% soln.)
Boiling Point 1390C (2534F)
Melting Point 318C (604F)
Vapour Density (Air=1) > 1.0
Vapour Pressure (mm Hg) Negligible.
3.3 Dye Sludge
Properties Value
Formula mass 122.06
Melting point, °C 188 - 189
Boiling point, °C 102
Vapour pressure, mmHg 18
Density 1.37 g/cm3
Solubility in water very slightly soluble
Viscosity 10 P (1088 °C)
Refractive index 1.512 - 1.514
4. CONCLUSIONS
 A Geopolymer-dye sludge composite is
successfully obtained from the fly ash and
Geopolymer and dyeing industry effluent
treatment plant sludge.
 Bricks can bemanufacturedfromthecomposite
with strength of second class bricks.
 New composite aggregate Geopolymer-dye
sludge composite is projected as environment
friendly building material with less leaching
property and comparable strength vis-à-vis
cement based products.
 For adding dyeing industry effluent treatment
plant sludge up to 10% in the Geopolymer-dye
sludge compositewithoutaffectingitsstrength.
 The dyeing industry effluent treatment plant
sludge was also giving economical benefits.
 Inference from compressive strength test
Geopolymer-dye sludge composite with silica
gel shows appreciable reduction of
compressive strength with increase in dyeing
industry effluent treatment plant sludge, but
Geopolymer-dye sludge composite without
silica gel shows decrease in compressive
strength up to 10% of dyeing industry effluent
treatment plant sludge but for 15% of dyeing
industry effluent treatment plant sludge and
20% of dyeingindustry effluenttreatmentplant
sludge the compressive strength increases
REFERENCES
[1] Ashutosh Das and Mugesh Goel , “comprehensive
Study on textile dying sludge as an substituteforcement
in cement mortar” International J. Technology July-
December 2015 Vol 5 issue 2
[2] Basavaraju Manu,Shrihari Surathkal, and Shrikant
Jahagirdar ‘Reuse of incinerated textile mill sludge as
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Technology Karnataka 2015. To Cite This Article: J R
Pitroda And G I Joshi 2018 IOP Conf. Ser.:Mater.Sci.Eng.
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[3] Chandak N. R. , Amit Babu, Effect Of Lime Sludge On
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[4] Dr. Abhipsa R Makwana Optimization Of Activated
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[5] Dr. Jayeshkumar Pitroda and G I Joshi ‘Evaluation of
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[6] V Palanisamy Utilization of Textile Effluent Waste
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4. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 12 | Dec 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 429
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Assistant Professor,-Professor, Department Of Civil
Engineering, Siddharth Group Of Institutions, Putter,
Andhra Pradesh, India INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH
JOURNAL IN ADVANCED ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY (IRJAET) E - ISSN: 2454-4752 P - ISSN :
2454-4744 VOL 4 ISSUE 2 (2018) PAGES 3025 - 3033
RECEIVED : 28.02.2018 PUBLISHED : 29.03.2018
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