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1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1967 Utilization of Waste Plastic in Manufacturing of Paver Blocks Jeevan Ghuge1, Saurabh Surale2, Dr. B.M. Patil3, S B Bhutekar4 1,2Student, MGM’s Polytechnic Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India 3Principal, MGM’s Polytechnic Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India 4Faculty, MGM’s Polytechnic Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world. Using waste and recycled materials in concrete mixes for paver blocks becoming increasingly important to manage and treatboththesolidwastegenerated by industry and municipal waste. These blocks were rectangular in shape and had more or less the same sizeasthe bricks. During the previous five decades, the block shape has relentlessly developed from non-interlocking to somewhat interlocking to completely interlocking to multiple interlocking shapes. Use of plastic waste which is non biodegradable is rapidly growing in the surroundings and becoming threat to environment in many aspects. This study demonstrates use of waste plastic for manufacturing the concrete paver blocks and with this efficient disposal way of plastic waste is possible. Key Words: Plastic waste, plastic paver blocks,compressive strength etc. 1. INTRODUCTION Solid waste management is one of the major environmental concerns in India. Landfills are becoming scarce and the cost in building landfill sites areincreasing.Duringtransportation of wastes from homesandindustriesbythesetransferstation to the dumping sites some fallout from the trucks into gutters. But generally the level of plastics in waste composition is high. The largest component of the plastic waste is polyethylene, followed by polypropylene, polyethylene Terepthalate and polystyrene. Fortunately, there are various ways in whichwasteplasticscouldbereuse or converted to other products. High density polyethylene (HDPE) waste is used in making bags and dustbins. Polymer modified pavement blocks has applications in road construction and buildings. Hence waste plastic bags can therefore, be mixed in concrete mass in some form, without significant effect on its otherpropertiesorslightcompromise in strength. In this project waste plastic bags collected from municipal solid waste and used in the production of pavement blocks which generally used in the park, roadside footpaths and in the yard of buildings. 1.1 Concrete Paving Blocks Concreteblocksaremassmanufacturedtostandardsizes. This block has excellent interlocking characteristics, durability and has great aesthetics. Brick pavers, concrete paver, granite paver, rubber paver and stone pavers are various types of pavers widely used. But for manufacturing plasticpaverblocks,cement,quarrydust,crushedaggregates, coarse aggregates and plastic waste are essential. Both ordinary and plastic paver blocks are design for same grade and compared by its durability and compressive strength. The study by typical concrete paving blocks has one smooth Fig. No- 1: Different shapes of paver blocks face and one rough, although some paving blocks so come with reversible surfaces (can be used both sides). The performance characteristics of concrete paving blocks make it suitable for the heaviest duty applications, able to support substantial loads and resist shearing and braking forces. These blocks come in different colours. The colours typically come from metallic oxides. Paving blocks are the most preferred choice for laying of pavements, driveways as it can be immediately open to the traffic after fixing up. 1.2 Objectives a. To determine the suitabilityofwasteplasticbags in the development of pavement blocks for construction and to reduce the burden of waste plastic by reusing into pavement. b. To evaluate the performance of plastic concrete for paver blocks for use in pavements and other application areas. c. To evaluate compressive strength anddurability for ordinary concrete paver blocks, the same have beenstudiedforvariousplasticpaverblock. d. To produce cost-effective paver block which a common person can afford easily.
2.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1968 2. System Development 2.1 Material selection and its properties For Manufacturing of ordinaryaswell asplastic paverblocks cement, Quarry dust, coarse aggregates, water and waste plastic bags are essential materials. Here in case of ordinary concrete paver blocks, waste plastic is not used andonother hand plastic paver blocks manufactured without use of water as it contains waste plastic content. After performing various tests on used materials following observations are made. Table -1: Properties and observations of materials Moisture content of the coarse aggregate was found 1% for both sizes and potable waterof 28-300C used for the mixture of concrete for ordinary paver block. Waste Plastic A material which contains one or more number of polymers having large molecular weight. Solid in its finished state or same state will manufacturing or processing into finished articles is known as Plastic. Waste management in respect to plastic can be done by recycling. If they are not recycled then they will becomebig pollutant totheenvironmentastheynot decompose easily and also not allowthewatertopercolateto the soil and they are also poisonous. Fig. No- 2: Municipal Solid Waste India generates 5.6 million metric tons of plastic waste annually. On the basis of physical properties, plastic can be classified as thermoplastic (remoulded) and thermosetting material which shares 80% and 20% respectively in total plastic waste generation. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE or PET),High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE),Polyvinyl Chloride(PVC), Low density polyvinyl chloride, (LDPE)Polypropylene(PP),PolystyreneorStyrofoam(PS)are some examples of thermoplastic which can be recycled and which are used for making plastic paver blocks. Plastic used for making plastic paver block is collected from various sources. The classification of Thermoplastic and its sources is tabulated as below. Table -2: Waste plastic and its sources Waste Plastic Origin Low-Density Polyethylene(LDPE) Carry bags ,sacks ,milk pouches, cosmetic and detergent bottles High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Carry bags, bottle caps, house hold articles etc. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Drinking water bottles etc. Polypropylene (PP) detergent, biscuit packets, microwave trays for readymade meal etc. Polystyrene(PS) bottle caps. Foamed polystyrene: food trays, egg boxes, disposable cups etc. 2.2 Concrete Mix Design It is the process of selecting suitable ingredients of concrete to achieve specified strength and durability of at its 28th day curing. For this study design mix is prepared for M20 grade as per IS 10262-1982 and by IS 456-2000 for both ordinary and plastic pavement blocks. Water cement ratio taken for ordinary concrete is 0.5 and for plastic paver block no moistureis added. For casting ofblocks,threeRoundDumble mould were prepared which has volume of 0.00205m3 each. The quantity of materials required per cubic meter is determined by IS method.Dependingonthecapacityofpaver mould amount of each material for both ordinary and plastic paver block is found to be as follows. Table-3: Amount of constituents Material OrdinaryPaverBlock Plastic Paver Blocks Cement 1.14Kg 1.14Kg Quarry Dust 1.60Kg 1.60Kg 10mmCoarse Aggregate 2.08Kg 2.08Kg Water 440gm NA Waste Plastic NA 600gm For the present study three cubes of 0.00205 m3 volume are to be casted. Concreting process includes batching, mixing, placing followed by curing for number of days. But in case of Cement Properties of cement Observation s Specific gravity 3.15 Consistency 33% Fineness 7 Initial Setting Time 45 minute Final Setting Time 480 minutes Quarry Dust Specific gravity 2.60 Grading zone Zone II of soil Fineness modulus 2.952 Water absorption 1.80 Coarse Aggregate Specific Gravity 20mm 2.44 10mm 2.60 Water Absorption 20mm 4.0 10mm 3.0
3.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1969 Fig. No- 3: Plastic melting process &Fig. No- 4: Plastic melting process plastic paver blocks burningand meltingofwasteplasticisto be done. In this process plastic collected from different sources burnt in a close chamber and melt it to the liquid state. And then that liquid plastic added into other ingredients for making plastic paver block. 3. Results and Discussion After sufficient curing of both ordinary and plastic concrete block it has to be checked under compression testing machine (CTM) to know its compressive strength under gradually applied compressive force on the specimen. After placing the paver block on the platform and applied the load on a smooth surface steadily and uniformly at the rate of 35N/sq.mm/minute till the block failed. Noted the load at which it failed and divided it by the cross sectional area of paver block gives the compressive strength of the specimen. Test results of the ordinary concrete block and plastic paver blocks after 7day curing are tabulated below Table-4: Compressive strength for 7 day curing Blocks Compressive strength of Ordinary paver block Compressive strength of Plastic paver block 1 11.45 10.79 2 12.39 10.92 3 12.06 11.10 Average 11.96 10.93 From the above table it is clear that average compressive strength for ordinary paver block is 11.96 N/mm2 and for plastic paver block it is 10.93 N/mm2 whichisslightlessthan ordinary block so plastic paver blocks can be the alternative for it. Similarly compressive strength checked for the paver blocks after 28 day curing for boththesamples.Thetestresultfound to be as follows. Table-4: Compressive strength for 28th day curing Blocks Compressive strength of Ordinary paver block Compressive strength of Plastic paver block 1 19.54 15.35 2 19.55 16.03 3 19.55 16.78 Average 19.54 N/mm2 16.05 N/mm2 The above test results describe that average compressive strength of ordinary concrete paver block on its complete curing of 28th day is 19.54 N/mm2 where in case of plastic paver block it is 16.05N/mm2. 4. Conclusions 1. From the obtained results it is clear that plastic paver block has almost equal strength as that of ordinary one. 2. From the obtained results it can be concluded that plastic paver block can be used in the park, footpath and yards of the residential as well as commercial building because the compressive strength is sufficient for the smooth utility of user. 3. The utilization of waste plastic in production of paver block has productivewayofdisposalofplastic waste. 4. It reduces up to 600 kg plastic over 1000 blocks. 5. It reduces plastic in municipal solid waste and significant reduction of land filling is possible if it this project takes place on a large scale. REFERENCES [1] B.Shanmugavalli, B. Eswara Moorthy, “Reuse of Plastic Waste in Paver Blocks”. ISSN:2278-0181 : Vol. 6 Issue 02, February-2017 [2] Raghatate Atul M., “use of plastic in a concrete to improve its properties” ISSN2249–8974 IJAERS/Vol. I/ Issue III/April-June, 2012/109-111. [3] Praveen Mathew et al., “Utilization of plastic bags in concrete block” Literature Review June 2015, Volume2, Issue 6 JETIR (ISSN-2349-5162). [4] R.L.Ramesh, “Recycled plastics used ascoarseaggregate for constructional concrete” project reference no 37S1114. [5] Mohan D.M, Vignesh, “Utilization of plastic bags in pavement blocks” Volume 119 No. 15 2018, 1407-1415 ISSN: 1314-3395. [6] V. Natrajan. “UtiliZation of Waste Plastics as a Partial Replacement of CoarseAggregateinConcreteBlocks.Vol
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1970 8(12), DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2015/v8i12/54462, June 2015. [7] Pramod S. Patil, “Innovative techniques of waste plastic used in concrete mixture”.IJRET ISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308 [8] Ganesh Tapkire, “Recycled plastic used in concrete paver block” EISSN:2319-1163 | pissn: 2321-7308. [9] Zainab Z. Ismail, “Use of waste plastic in concrete mixture as aggregate replacement”. June 2015, Volume 2, Issue 6 JETIR (ISSN-2349-5162) [10] Dinesh S, Dinesh A, “Utilization of waste plastic in manufacturing of bricks and paver blocks” IJAER, ISSN 0973-4562 Vol.11 No.3 2016
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