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IRJET- Composite Column Subjected to Non-Linear Time History Method in Comparison to Conventional RC Column
1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 08 | Aug 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1090 Composite Column Subjected to Non-Linear Time History Method in Comparison to Conventional RC Column Pavithra S M1, Geetha K2 1M-Tech Student in Dept. of Civil Engineering, EWIT, Bengaluru – 560091(Karnataka). 2Assistant Professor in Dept. of Civil Engineering, EWIT, Bengaluru - 560091(Karnataka). ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract – Structural Steel-Concrete Composite structures are nowadays very popular owing to their advantages over conventional Concrete and Steel constructions. Concrete structures are bulky and impart more seismic weight and more deflection as compare to Composite Construction combines the better properties of both steel and concrete along with lesser cost , speedy construction, fireprotectionetc. Hence the aim of the present study is to evaluate and compare the seismic performance of G+15 structural model with composite frame and a R.C Frame model having spacing between columns as 5m and 10m is consideredforthebuilding models, these models are subjected to seismic zone IV, their corresponding behaviors and results are extracted and interpreted. Various parameterssuchasdisplacements, storey drifts, storey acceleration, storey force, storey stiffness, and base shear have been gathered. ETABS software is used and the results are compared; and it is found that composite structure is found to be more economical. Key Words: Steel-Concrete Composite structures, Time History Method, Base shear, Storey stiffness, displacement 1. INTRODUCTION The design of structures for buildings and bridges is mainly concerned with the provision and support of horizontal surfaces. In buildings, the floors are usually made of concrete, reinforced by steel to resist tension. As spans increase though, it is cheaper to support the slab, for example by beams is in turn supported by columns.Boththe beams and columns can be conveniently constructed using structural steel sections, normally hot-rolled I-sections and H-shapes respectively. It is used to be customary to design the bare steelwork to carry all the loads, it has become common to connect the concrete slabs to the supporting beams by mechanical devices. These eliminate, or at least reduce, slip at the steel-concrete interface, so that the slab and the steel beam section act together as a composite unit, commonly termed as “composite beam”.Useofcompositeor hybrid material is of particular interest, due to its significant potential in improving the overall performance through rather modest changes in manufacturing and constructional technologies. In this work an attempt was made to analyze and study the performance of R.C.C and structural steel-concrete composite section with C/C spacing between columnsas5m and C/C spacing between columns as 10m w.r.t different parameters such as a story drift, story displacement, base shear, shear force. 1.1 Elements of composite construction Composite slab Composite slabs comprise reinforced concrete cast on top of profiled steel decking, which acts as formwork during construction and external reinforcement at the final stage. The decking may be either re-entrant or trapezoidal, as shown below.Trapezoidaldeckingmaybeover200mmdeep, in which case it is known as deck decking. Additional reinforcing bars maybe placed in the decking troughs, particularly for deep decking. They are sometimes required in shallow decking when heavy loadsarecombinedwithhigh periods of fire resistance. The steel is galvanized and maybe varying of thickness, although about1mm. The profiled decking is often designed to be continuous over two spans when acting as formwork. Composite slabs are normally designed to be simple spanning at room temperature. Figure 1.1: Composite beam and slab Figure 1.2: Typical Composite Beam Slab Details with shear connectors Composite beams The second element within the floor are the beams supporting the slabs and carrying the loads to the columns. Depending on the grid of beams the slabs therefore are spanning in one direction. Following thephilosophyofmixed structures those beams can be realized in steel, concrete,
2.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 08 | Aug 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1091 steel-concrete composite or even other materials or their combination. In the following only steel-concrete composite floor beams will be treated in detail. In a composite beam within the sagging moment region the concrete slab is activated in compression by shear connectors. Headed studs dominate in practical application, the advantage is the combination of a relatively large stiffness with a very large deformation capacity. Figure 1.3: Conventional and innovative composite beams Composite columns Beside the possibility to realize pure steel or concrete columns the bearing behavior of composite columns mainly dominated by the structural steel part in it. They are commonly used where large normal forces are combined with the wish for small sections. As the composite columns maybe prefabricated the constructiontimecanbedrastically reduced compared to in-situ concrete. A decisive advantage over bare steel columns is the very high fire resistance of composite columns without any preventive measures. Fig 1.4: Examples of composite columns 1.2 Behavior of Tall Buildings As earthquakes can happen almost anywhere, some measure of earthquake resistance in the form of reserve ductility and redundancy should be built into the design of all structures to prevent catastrophic failures. Moreover, during the life of a building in a seismically active zone, usually the building will be subjected to many earthquakes, including some moderate ones, one or more large ones, and possibly a very severe one. Building massing, shape and proportion, ground acceleration, and dynamic response of the structure, influences the magnitude and distribution of earthquake forces. When compared to the wind loads, earthquake loads have stronger intensity. Fig 1.5: Schematic representation of seismic force 2. MODELLING AND BUILDING DATA Fig 1.6 : Building plan
3.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 08 | Aug 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1092 Fig 1.7: Building Elevation Table-1: Building Data Plan dimension 30mx30m No of storey’s G+15 C/C distance between column in X-direction 5m & 10m C/C distance between column in Y-direction 5m & 10m Typical storey height 3m Depth of foundation 3m Thickness of wall 230mm Thickness of slab 125mm Floor finish 1kN/m2 Live load on floors 4kN/m2 Live load on roof 1.5kN/m2 Density of concrete 25 Grade of concrete(fck) M25 & M30 Grade of steel(fy) Fe415; Fe550 & Fe345 Seismic zone IV 0.24 Soil zone II 2.1 Analysis of Building Time history method is used for the analysis of RCC and composite structures with composite column of spacing 5m and 10m. Timehistory methodgivesallpossibleforceswhich are generated, and there bydisplacementofstructure,during entire duration of ground motion at equal interval, typically 0.05 to 0.1 sec. in this method the structural response is computed at a number of subsequent time instants during and after the application of a load. Base shear can be determined by multiplying total seismic weightofbuildingto coefficient of accelerationspectrumvalue.Basedisplacement in this the structure forced through some varying displacement over time. The displacements can act independently in the global X, Y, and Z directions. Base acceleration is very similar to the base displacement and representsputtingthroughsomevaryinggroundacceleration over time. Multiplemodesofvibrationsareconsideredwhere base shear of each mode can be calculated separately. It can be calculated by determining the modal mass and modal mass participation factor for each mode. 2.2 Results and Discussion 1. Storey Displacement The floor level versus displacement graph is been plotted for all four models Table 2: Storey Displacement for Structure with 5m C/C Column Spacing Storey Regular R.C Structure Composite R.C Structure 15 29.67 30.57 14 29.30 30.20 13 28.68 29.59 12 27.82 28.70 11 26.70 27.53 10 25.34 26.10 9 23.76 24.41 8 21.97 22.52 7 19.99 20.44 6 17.84 18.17 5 15.52 15.71 4 13.04 13.07 3 10.42 10.28 2 7.66 7.36 1 4.81 4.39 0 0.00 0.00
4.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 08 | Aug 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1093 Graph 1: Storey Displacement for Structure with 5m C/C Column Spacing Table 3: Storey Displacement for Structure with 10m C/C Column Spacing Storey Regular R.C Structure Composite R.C Structure 15 45.21 40.54 14 44.66 39.89 13 43.80 38.86 12 42.58 37.42 11 40.96 35.58 10 38.94 33.39 9 36.53 30.87 8 33.72 28.06 7 30.53 25.00 6 26.98 22.02 5 23.11 18.97 4 18.99 15.77 3 14.66 12.31 2 10.23 8.65 1 5.89 4.97 0 0.00 0.00 Graph 2: Storey Displacement for Structure with 10m C/C Column Spacing 2. Storey Drift The floor0level versus0drift graph is been0plotted for all four0models. Table 4: Storey Drift for Structure with 5m C/C Column Spacing Storey Regular R.C Structure Composite R.C Structure 15 0.000127 0.000134 14 0.000207 0.00022 13 0.00029 0.00031 12 0.000373 0.000392 11 0.000453 0.000478 10 0.000527 0.000561 9 0.000596 0.000637 8 0.000659 0.000704 7 0.000718 0.000765 6 0.000774 0.000822 5 0.000826 0.000878 4 0.000875 0.000931 3 0.000918 0.000973 2 0.000955 0.00099 1 0.000989 0.000928 0 0.000626 0.000539
5.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 08 | Aug 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1094 Graph 3: Storey Drift for Structure with 5m C/C Column Spacing Table 5: Storey Drift for Structure with 10m C/C Column Spacing Storey Regular R.C Structure Composite R.C Structure 15 0.000191 0.000221 14 0.000296 0.000349 13 0.00042 0.000497 12 0.000547 0.000643 11 0.000674 0.000776 10 0.000808 0.000892 9 0.00094 0.000987 8 0.001064 0.001058 7 0.001182 0.001105 6 0.001288 0.001144 5 0.001376 0.001171 4 0.001442 0.001183 3 0.001475 0.001219 2 0.001452 0.001228 1 0.001299 0.001094 0 0.000674 0.000567 Graph 4: Storey Drift for Structure with 10m C/C Column Spacing 3. Storey Forces The floor0level versus0force graph0is been plotted0for all four0models. Table 6: Storey Force for Structure with 5m C/C Column Spacing Storey Regular R.C Structure Composite R.C Structure 15 118.06 118.91 14 265.28 270.19 13 408.14 417.26 12 544.55 557.83 11 672.31 689.36 10 789.33 809.37 9 893.78 915.77 8 984.42 1007.27 7 1060.67 1083.50 6 1122.73 1145.03 5 1171.47 1193.13 4 1217.97 1229.43 3 1286.19 1255.59 2 1350.96 1297.88 1 1393.75 1336.26 0 1398.29 1340.64
6.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 08 | Aug 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1095 Graph 5: Storey Force for Structure with 5m C/C Column Spacing Table 7: Storey Force for Structure with 10m C/C Column Spacing Graph 6: Storey Force for Structure with 10m C/C Column Spacing 4. Storey Stiffness The floor0level versus0stiffness graph0is been plotted0for all four0models. Table 8: Storey Stiffness for Structure with 5m C/C Column Spacing Storey Regular R.C Structure Composite R.C Structure 15 319128.33 303827.64 14 415791.46 398205.73 13 440210.37 419247.11 12 451035.20 427330.02 11 457361.00 431713.01 10 461706.93 434641.91 9 465027.40 436860.63 8 467800.70 438713.61 7 470304.02 440394.18 6 472718.73 442035.11 5 475174.93 443770.37 4 477754.91 445882.31 3 480490.94 449437.98 2 482478.85 459414.85 1 480609.31 502860.85 0 770006.70 874937.36 Storey Regular R.C Structure Composite R.C Structure 15 66.93 100.97 14 147.00 224.87 13 220.41 341.22 12 292.91 447.84 11 359.55 543.55 10 429.38 628.14 9 495.05 702.06 8 565.39 766.11 7 631.01 821.02 6 698.13 867.38 5 755.28 905.54 4 800.31 935.76 3 832.72 958.30 2 853.49 976.20 1 867.96 987.75 0 868.95 988.76
7.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 08 | Aug 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1096 Graph 7: Storey Stiffness for Structure with 5m C/C Column Spacing Table 9: Storey Stiffness for Structure with 10m C/C Column Spacing Storey Regular R.C Structure Composite R.C Structure 15 130389.70 169244.14 14 180158.23 232132.22 13 191103.26 245707.68 12 193897.51 249296.57 11 194730.88 250497.96 10 195042.63 251043.52 9 195210.10 251388.18 8 195350.55 251679.56 7 195518.18 251989.61 6 195774.61 252400.02 5 196260.80 253095.70 4 197367.07 254608.73 3 200258.99 258596.86 2 208617.79 270645.72 1 237136.23 314313.84 0 462447.28 615718.61 Graph 8: Storey Stiffness for Structure with 10m C/C Column Spacing 4. Storey Acceleration. The floor0level versus0acceleration graph0is been plotted for all four0models. Table 10: Storey Acceleration for Structure with 5m C/C Column Spacing Storey Regular R.C Structure Composite R.C Structure 15 208.52 224.04 14 204.62 220.15 13 198.09 213.51 12 188.69 203.57 11 176.48 192.05 10 164.12 178.58 9 163.1 162.15 8 158.82 157.28 7 152.39 155.40 6 146.99 149.76 5 137.78 139.96 4 124.85 127.89 3 113.39 117.34 2 100.1 102.75 1 83.94 85.27 0 73.16 75.88
8.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 08 | Aug 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1097 Graph 9: Storey Acceleration for Structure with 5m C/C Column Spacing Table 11: Storey Acceleration for Structure with 10m C/C Column Spacing Storey Regular R.C Structure Composite R.C Structure 15 125.34 204.28 14 119.21 196.38 13 113.30 184.37 12 114.04 168.90 11 115.97 151.51 10 115.96 139.76 9 117.20 128.63 8 117.26 115.94 7 112.41 117.72 6 103.82 115.94 5 92.39 109.40 4 82.34 97.94 3 74.38 86.58 2 62.62 74.98 1 49.34 61.49 0 38.50 47.48 Graph 10: Storey Acceleration for Structure with 10m C/C Column Spacing 5. Base Shear Table 12: Base Shear for Structure with 5m C/C Column Spacing Regular R.C Structure Composite R.C Structure Base Shear 1399.54 1342.03 Graph 11: Base Shear for Structure with 5m C/C Column Spacing
9.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 08 | Aug 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1098 Table 13: Base Shear for Structure with 10m C/C Column Spacing Regular R.C Structure Composite R.C Structure Base Shear 868.96 989.20 Graph 12: Base Shear for Structure with 10m C/C Column Spacing 3. CONCLUSIONS In the thesis a structural model with composite frame and a R.C Frame model have spacing between columns as 5m and 10m is considered for the building models, wherein these models are subjected to seismiczoneIV,theircorresponding behaviors and results are extracted and interpreted. Following are the broad conclusions The storey displacement in composite building models with 5m spacing between columns is found to be comparatively little higher than that of theR.C Frame model. Whereas in the case of 10m spacing between columns it was found to be lesser in composite model than for R.C frame model. The Storey Drift values in the case of the 5m and 10m spacing between columns is found to be comparatively higher than that of the R.C Frame model. The lateral displacement of structural steel- concrete composite frame is reduced as compared with RCC frame. The storey acceleration in composite building models with 5m and 10m spacing betweencolumns is found to be comparatively less in R.C Frame model. Structural Steel-concretecompositeframehasmore lateral load capacity compare to R.C frame model. Composite structures are beingmoreductile,andso resist lateral load better than R.C frame structures. The base shear in composite building models with 5m spacing between columns is found to be comparatively less than that of the R.C Frame model. Whereas in the case of10mspacingbetween columns it was found to be little higher in composite model than for R.C Frame model. Base shear for RCC frame is more than structural Steel-concrete composite because the weight of the RCC frame is more than the composite frame. Structural steel-concrete composite is light in weight as compared RCC which gives economical foundation design. Self-weight of composite structures reduces as compared to RCC which in turn reduces the foundation cost. Due to the reduction of self-weight of composite structures, it induces fewer amounts of lateral forces. Composite model is very easy, economical and speed construction is possible. REFERENCES [1] Athira K B, Linda Ann Mathew, “Contrast of Seismic Behavior of R.C.C. and Composite Columns in G+15 Storied Buildings with GFRG Infill”, IJERT, Vol. 6 Issue 06, June – 2017. [2] Jadhav Gorakhnath S, Sutar Shrikant R, Bankar Shriprasad V, “Comparative Analysis of Rcc and Steel- Concrete Composite Multistoried Building”, Journal of Information, Knowledge and Research in Civil Engineering, Issn: 0975 – 6744| Nov 16 To Oct 17 | Volume 4, Issue 2. [3] Mohd Amir Khan, “Comparative Study of R.C.C & Structural Steel -Concrete Composite Frame for Linear and Non-Linear Analysis”, IRJET, Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July - 2017. [4] K. L. Kulkarni, L.G. Kalurkar, “Comparison between RCC and EncasedCompositeColumnElevatedWaterTank”, IOSR- JMCE, e-ISSN: 2278-1684, p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume13, Issue 5 Ver. VIII (Sep. - Oct. 2016), PP 57-64. [5] Nileshkumar V. Ganwani, Dr. S. S. Jamkar, “Comparative Study of RCC and Steel-Concrete Composite Building based on Seismic Analysis”, IJERT, Volume 4, Issue 30. [6] S.R.Sutar,P.M.Kulkarni,“Comparativeinelasticanalysisof RCC and steel-concrete composite frame”, IOSR-JMCE, Volume 13, Issue 4 Ver. IV (Jul. - Aug. 2016), PP 22-32. [7] Vinay Sanjeevkumar Damam, “Design of Steel Concrete Composite Structure as Comparative with Reinforced Concrete Structure by Adapting Staad. Prov8i”,IJESMR,ISSN 2349-6193| Jan -2016. [8] Deepak M Jirage, Prof . V.G. Sayagavi, Prof. N.G. Gore, “Comparative Study of RCC and Composite Multi-storeyed Building”, IJSEAS, Volume-1, Issue-6, September 2015. [9] Mr. Nitish A. Mohite, Mr. P.K.Joshi, Dr. W. N. Deulkar, “Comparative Analysis of RCC and Steel-ConcreteComposite (B+G+ 11 Storey) Building”, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 5, Issue 10, October 2015, ISSN 2250-3153.
10.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 08 | Aug 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1099 [10] Sattainathan.A, Nagarajan.N, “Comparitive studyonthe behavior of R.C.C, Steel & Composite Structures (B+G+20 storeys)”, International Journal on Applications in Civil and Enviornmental Engineering Volume 1: Issue 3: March 2015, pp 21-26. [11] Prof. Swapnil B. Cholekar, Basavalingappa S. M., “Comparative Analysis of Multistoried Rcc and Composite Building due to Mass Irregularity”, IRJET, Volume: 02 Issue: 04 | July-2015. [12] Umesh P. Patil, Suryanarayana M, “Analysis ofG+15Rcc and Composite Structure having a Soft Storey at Ground Level by Response Spectrum and Equivalent Static Methods using Etabs 2013”, IRJET, Volume: 02 Issue: 03 | June-2015. [13] Mahesh Suresh Kumawat, L.G.Kalurkar, “Static &Dynamic Analysis of Multistory Building Using Composite Structure”, IJRET, eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308. [14] Anil Kumar Patidar, “Behaviour of Concrete Filled Rectangular Steel Tube Column”, IOSR-JMCE, ISSN: 2278- 1684 Volume 4, Issue 2 (Nov. - Dec. 2012), PP 46-52. [15] D. R. Panchal and P. M. Marathe, “Comparative Study of R.C.C, Steel and Composite (G+30 Storey)Building”,Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad – 382481, 08- 10 December, 2011.
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