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Hangzhou, February 2011
Prof. Dr. Hora Tjitra, Li Hongchang & Ma Chunyun, Zhejiang University
When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
Leading Successfully Across Cultures
Lewis, R. (2005).When Cultures
Collice (3rd Ed.). Brealey.
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
Culture and cultural conditioning
Cultural	
  condi-oning
•	
  	
  life
•	
  	
  history
Culture	
  is	
  the	
  collective programming	
  of	
  the	
  mind	
  which	
  
dis.nguishes	
  the	
  members	
  of	
  one	
  category	
  of	
  people	
  from	
  
another.
-­‐-­‐Hofstede
2
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
3
14	
  years	
  in	
  Germany
7	
  years	
  in	
  China
Born	
  and	
  grew	
  up	
  
in	
  Indonesia
Prof.Dr.Hora Tjitra - Excellence in Culture,Talent and Change
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
3
14	
  years	
  in	
  Germany
7	
  years	
  in	
  China
Born	
  and	
  grew	
  up	
  
in	
  Indonesia
Prof.Dr.Hora Tjitra - Excellence in Culture,Talent and Change
Professional activities:
• Academic Teaching and Research,as well as Consulting,
Coaching,Training and Assessment in the area of:
- Cross-Cultural Awareness and Communication
- Cross-Cultural Issues in HR Management
- Corporate Learning and Development
- Executive Coaching and Assessment
- Global Leadership Development Program
- Facilitation of Strategic Conference
- Large Strategic Change Projects
International and National project references:
• BASF,Siemens,Dupont,Commerzbank,Hugo Boss,SAP,
Barco,GTZ,Telkom Indonesia,etc.
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
What will be discussed in the book
Cultural conditioning1
When cultures collide2
Culture and language4
The use of time5
Cultural categories3
4
Lewis, R. (2005).When Cultures
Collice (3rd Ed.). Brealey.
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
When cultures collide
Cultural	
  display
5
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
When cultures collide
Cultural	
  display
own	
  culture
approval
tradi3on
5
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
When cultures collide
Cultural	
  display
own	
  culture
approval
tradi3on
alien	
  
culture
Resistance
withdrawal
5
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
When cultures collide
Cultural	
  display
own	
  culture
approval
tradi3on
alien	
  
culture
Resistance
withdrawal
friendly	
  
culture
semi-­‐
acceptance
empathy
5
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
Culture categories
6
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
Culture categories
Dutch
Swiss
German
American
Linear-active
6
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
Culture categories
Dutch
Swiss
German
American
Linear-active
Multi-active
Indian
Arab
French
Spanish
6
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
Culture categories
Dutch
Swiss
German
American
Linear-active
Multi-active
Indian
Arab
French
Spanish
Reactive
Turk
Finn
Chinese
Japanese
6
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
cultures--linear-active and multi-active
Linear-­‐ac3ve Mul3-­‐ac3ve
Reactive
7
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
cultures--linear-active and multi-active
Limited	
  body	
  language
Confronts	
  with	
  
logic
unemo7onal
	
  Job-­‐oriented	
  
Linear-­‐ac3ve Mul3-­‐ac3ve
Reactive
7
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
cultures--linear-active and multi-active
unrestricted	
  
body	
  language
Confronts	
  
emo7onally
emo7onal
people-­‐oriented
Limited	
  body	
  language
Confronts	
  with	
  
logic
unemo7onal
	
  Job-­‐oriented	
  
Linear-­‐ac3ve Mul3-­‐ac3ve
Reactive
7
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
linear-active culture & multi-active culture
linear-­‐ac3ve	
  culture	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  mul3-­‐ac3ve	
  culture
8
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
linear-active culture & multi-active culture
linear-­‐ac3ve	
  culture	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  mul3-­‐ac3ve	
  culture
Irritate	
  each	
  
other
• Germany
• Mexico
8
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
linear-active culture & multi-active culture
linear-­‐ac3ve	
  culture	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  mul3-­‐ac3ve	
  culture
Irritate	
  each	
  
other
• Germany
• Mexico
Learn	
  from	
  each	
  
other
• Italy
• Switzerland
8
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
Culture - Reactive
Linear-active Multi-active
Reactive
9
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
Culture - Reactive
subtle	
  body	
  
language
avoid	
  
confronta7on
quietly	
  caring
people-­‐oriented
Linear-active Multi-active
Reactive
9
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
Culture - Reactive
subtle	
  body	
  
language
avoid	
  
confronta7on
quietly	
  caring
people-­‐oriented
Linear-active Multi-active
Reactive
9
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
Linear-­‐ac3ve	
  
culture	
  	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  
reac3ve	
  culture	
  
Mul3-­‐ac3ve	
  
culture	
  
linear/ multi-active & reactive cultures
10
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
Linear-­‐ac3ve	
  
culture	
  	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  
reac3ve	
  culture	
  
Mul3-­‐ac3ve	
  
culture	
  
linear/ multi-active & reactive cultures
•America	
  
•Finland
10
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
Linear-­‐ac3ve	
  
culture	
  	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  
reac3ve	
  culture	
  
Mul3-­‐ac3ve	
  
culture	
  
linear/ multi-active & reactive cultures
•America	
  
•Finland
•Mexico
•Japan	
  &Finland	
  
10
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
Cultural differences--- gathering information
11
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
Cultural differences--- gathering information
11
Culture
Informa.on	
  
gathering
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
Cultural differences--- gathering information
11
Data-­‐
oriented
Database	
  Printed	
  
informa.on
Culture
Informa.on	
  
gathering
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
Cultural differences--- gathering information
11
Dialogue-­‐
oriented
Personal	
  
informa.on	
  
network
Data-­‐
oriented
Database	
  Printed	
  
informa.on
Culture
Informa.on	
  
gathering
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
Cultural differences--- gathering information
11
Dialogue-­‐
oriented
Personal	
  
informa.on	
  
network
Data-­‐
oriented
Database	
  Printed	
  
informa.on
Culture
Informa.on	
  
gathering
Listening
Database	
  
personal	
  
informa.on	
  
network
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
Concepts and notions (概念与含义)
Though many concepts are shared by
other cultures, everyone has different
notions of these concepts
12
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
Concepts and notions (概念与含义)
Truth
Though many concepts are shared by
other cultures, everyone has different
notions of these concepts
12
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
Concepts and notions (概念与含义)
Contracts and ethics
Truth
Though many concepts are shared by
other cultures, everyone has different
notions of these concepts
12
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
Concepts and notions (概念与含义)
Common sense
Contracts and ethics
Truth
Though many concepts are shared by
other cultures, everyone has different
notions of these concepts
12
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
Concepts and notions (概念与含义)
Silence
Common sense
Contracts and ethics
Truth
Though many concepts are shared by
other cultures, everyone has different
notions of these concepts
12
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
Powerful mental block
language we speak largely determines our way of
thinking, as distinct from merely expressing it.
--Benjamin Whorf
UK ZULU
13
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
Humor across frontiers
14
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
Humor across frontiers
Humor: they enjoyed
different flavor
14
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
Humor across frontiers
Humor: they enjoyed
different flavor
International jokes
14
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
Humor across frontiers
Humor: they enjoyed
different flavor
International jokes
Humor in Biz
14
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
Listening	
  for	
  
informa.on
Looking	
  for	
  logic
France
Listens	
  for	
  
informa.on	
  
and	
  technical	
  
details
More	
  
context	
  
please
What	
  
does	
  it	
  
cost?
Germany
Listening habits
USA
wants	
  to	
  be	
  entertained
wants	
  to	
  be	
  
sold	
  the	
  
product
15
listening
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
Listening habits--advertisement
First Bite at the Big Apple
Fly UNITED AIRLINES
16
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
The language of management
1 2 3 4 5
Close definition of tasks obedience supervision
German
17
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
The language of management
1 2 3 4 5
Close definition of tasks obedience supervision
German
1 2 3
objectives
Pumping up employee
1 2 3
Speed in execution
American English
17
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
The language of management
compliance
Japanese
indirect
hin.ng	
  at	
  tasks
18
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
The language of management
compliance
Japanese
indirect
hin.ng	
  at	
  tasks
Educated compliance
French
18
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
The use of time—linear time
America, Britain, German, Switzerland…
Prefer to do one thing at a time
19
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
The use of time—linear time
Past
Past Present Future
over Today’s task
A B C D E
Plans for
January
Worries for
February
Present Future
etc.
America, Britain, German, Switzerland…
Prefer to do one thing at a time
19
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
The use of time—Multi-actives
Southern Europeans
The more they can do or handle at the same time,
the more happier and the more fulfilled they feel
20
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
The use of time—Multi-actives
A B C lunch D E F
9am 10 11 12 14 15 16 17
9am 10 11 12 14 15 16 17
A B 12:30 for lunch
C D16:30
E F
cancelled or
meets in bar
Theory
Reality
Southern Europeans
The more they can do or handle at the same time,
the more happier and the more fulfilled they feel
20
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
The use of time—cyclic time
9am 5pm
A B C D E FWestern
21
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
starting point
A B
C
DE
F
Oriental
The use of time—cyclic time
9am 5pm
A B C D E FWestern
21
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
starting point
A B
C
DE
F
Oriental
The use of time—cyclic time
9am 5pm
A B C D E FWestern
A B
D E
F
C
G
21
Richard	
  Lewis:	
  When	
  Cultures	
  Collide
The use of time—back to the future
present
Past
Visible
influential
Present
Vaguely
understood
Future
unknowable
Malagasy concept of time
22
Thank	
  You
Contact us via …
Mail: hora_t@mac.com
Follow: twitter@htjitra
Website: http://horatjitra.com
Zhejiang	
  University,	
  Hangzhou	
  (China)

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Leading Successfully across Cultures: When Cultures Collide

  • 1. Hangzhou, February 2011 Prof. Dr. Hora Tjitra, Li Hongchang & Ma Chunyun, Zhejiang University When  Cultures  Collide Leading Successfully Across Cultures Lewis, R. (2005).When Cultures Collice (3rd Ed.). Brealey.
  • 2. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide Culture and cultural conditioning Cultural  condi-oning •    life •    history Culture  is  the  collective programming  of  the  mind  which   dis.nguishes  the  members  of  one  category  of  people  from   another. -­‐-­‐Hofstede 2
  • 3. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide 3 14  years  in  Germany 7  years  in  China Born  and  grew  up   in  Indonesia Prof.Dr.Hora Tjitra - Excellence in Culture,Talent and Change
  • 4. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide 3 14  years  in  Germany 7  years  in  China Born  and  grew  up   in  Indonesia Prof.Dr.Hora Tjitra - Excellence in Culture,Talent and Change Professional activities: • Academic Teaching and Research,as well as Consulting, Coaching,Training and Assessment in the area of: - Cross-Cultural Awareness and Communication - Cross-Cultural Issues in HR Management - Corporate Learning and Development - Executive Coaching and Assessment - Global Leadership Development Program - Facilitation of Strategic Conference - Large Strategic Change Projects International and National project references: • BASF,Siemens,Dupont,Commerzbank,Hugo Boss,SAP, Barco,GTZ,Telkom Indonesia,etc.
  • 5. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide What will be discussed in the book Cultural conditioning1 When cultures collide2 Culture and language4 The use of time5 Cultural categories3 4 Lewis, R. (2005).When Cultures Collice (3rd Ed.). Brealey.
  • 6. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide When cultures collide Cultural  display 5
  • 7. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide When cultures collide Cultural  display own  culture approval tradi3on 5
  • 8. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide When cultures collide Cultural  display own  culture approval tradi3on alien   culture Resistance withdrawal 5
  • 9. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide When cultures collide Cultural  display own  culture approval tradi3on alien   culture Resistance withdrawal friendly   culture semi-­‐ acceptance empathy 5
  • 10. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide Culture categories 6
  • 11. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide Culture categories Dutch Swiss German American Linear-active 6
  • 12. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide Culture categories Dutch Swiss German American Linear-active Multi-active Indian Arab French Spanish 6
  • 13. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide Culture categories Dutch Swiss German American Linear-active Multi-active Indian Arab French Spanish Reactive Turk Finn Chinese Japanese 6
  • 14. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide cultures--linear-active and multi-active Linear-­‐ac3ve Mul3-­‐ac3ve Reactive 7
  • 15. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide cultures--linear-active and multi-active Limited  body  language Confronts  with   logic unemo7onal  Job-­‐oriented   Linear-­‐ac3ve Mul3-­‐ac3ve Reactive 7
  • 16. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide cultures--linear-active and multi-active unrestricted   body  language Confronts   emo7onally emo7onal people-­‐oriented Limited  body  language Confronts  with   logic unemo7onal  Job-­‐oriented   Linear-­‐ac3ve Mul3-­‐ac3ve Reactive 7
  • 17. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide linear-active culture & multi-active culture linear-­‐ac3ve  culture                    mul3-­‐ac3ve  culture 8
  • 18. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide linear-active culture & multi-active culture linear-­‐ac3ve  culture                    mul3-­‐ac3ve  culture Irritate  each   other • Germany • Mexico 8
  • 19. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide linear-active culture & multi-active culture linear-­‐ac3ve  culture                    mul3-­‐ac3ve  culture Irritate  each   other • Germany • Mexico Learn  from  each   other • Italy • Switzerland 8
  • 20. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide Culture - Reactive Linear-active Multi-active Reactive 9
  • 21. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide Culture - Reactive subtle  body   language avoid   confronta7on quietly  caring people-­‐oriented Linear-active Multi-active Reactive 9
  • 22. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide Culture - Reactive subtle  body   language avoid   confronta7on quietly  caring people-­‐oriented Linear-active Multi-active Reactive 9
  • 23. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide Linear-­‐ac3ve   culture               reac3ve  culture   Mul3-­‐ac3ve   culture   linear/ multi-active & reactive cultures 10
  • 24. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide Linear-­‐ac3ve   culture               reac3ve  culture   Mul3-­‐ac3ve   culture   linear/ multi-active & reactive cultures •America   •Finland 10
  • 25. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide Linear-­‐ac3ve   culture               reac3ve  culture   Mul3-­‐ac3ve   culture   linear/ multi-active & reactive cultures •America   •Finland •Mexico •Japan  &Finland   10
  • 26. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide Cultural differences--- gathering information 11
  • 27. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide Cultural differences--- gathering information 11 Culture Informa.on   gathering
  • 28. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide Cultural differences--- gathering information 11 Data-­‐ oriented Database  Printed   informa.on Culture Informa.on   gathering
  • 29. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide Cultural differences--- gathering information 11 Dialogue-­‐ oriented Personal   informa.on   network Data-­‐ oriented Database  Printed   informa.on Culture Informa.on   gathering
  • 30. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide Cultural differences--- gathering information 11 Dialogue-­‐ oriented Personal   informa.on   network Data-­‐ oriented Database  Printed   informa.on Culture Informa.on   gathering Listening Database   personal   informa.on   network
  • 31. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide Concepts and notions (概念与含义) Though many concepts are shared by other cultures, everyone has different notions of these concepts 12
  • 32. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide Concepts and notions (概念与含义) Truth Though many concepts are shared by other cultures, everyone has different notions of these concepts 12
  • 33. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide Concepts and notions (概念与含义) Contracts and ethics Truth Though many concepts are shared by other cultures, everyone has different notions of these concepts 12
  • 34. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide Concepts and notions (概念与含义) Common sense Contracts and ethics Truth Though many concepts are shared by other cultures, everyone has different notions of these concepts 12
  • 35. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide Concepts and notions (概念与含义) Silence Common sense Contracts and ethics Truth Though many concepts are shared by other cultures, everyone has different notions of these concepts 12
  • 36. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide Powerful mental block language we speak largely determines our way of thinking, as distinct from merely expressing it. --Benjamin Whorf UK ZULU 13
  • 37. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide Humor across frontiers 14
  • 38. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide Humor across frontiers Humor: they enjoyed different flavor 14
  • 39. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide Humor across frontiers Humor: they enjoyed different flavor International jokes 14
  • 40. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide Humor across frontiers Humor: they enjoyed different flavor International jokes Humor in Biz 14
  • 41. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide Listening  for   informa.on Looking  for  logic France Listens  for   informa.on   and  technical   details More   context   please What   does  it   cost? Germany Listening habits USA wants  to  be  entertained wants  to  be   sold  the   product 15 listening
  • 42. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide Listening habits--advertisement First Bite at the Big Apple Fly UNITED AIRLINES 16
  • 43. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide The language of management 1 2 3 4 5 Close definition of tasks obedience supervision German 17
  • 44. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide The language of management 1 2 3 4 5 Close definition of tasks obedience supervision German 1 2 3 objectives Pumping up employee 1 2 3 Speed in execution American English 17
  • 45. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide The language of management compliance Japanese indirect hin.ng  at  tasks 18
  • 46. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide The language of management compliance Japanese indirect hin.ng  at  tasks Educated compliance French 18
  • 47. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide The use of time—linear time America, Britain, German, Switzerland… Prefer to do one thing at a time 19
  • 48. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide The use of time—linear time Past Past Present Future over Today’s task A B C D E Plans for January Worries for February Present Future etc. America, Britain, German, Switzerland… Prefer to do one thing at a time 19
  • 49. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide The use of time—Multi-actives Southern Europeans The more they can do or handle at the same time, the more happier and the more fulfilled they feel 20
  • 50. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide The use of time—Multi-actives A B C lunch D E F 9am 10 11 12 14 15 16 17 9am 10 11 12 14 15 16 17 A B 12:30 for lunch C D16:30 E F cancelled or meets in bar Theory Reality Southern Europeans The more they can do or handle at the same time, the more happier and the more fulfilled they feel 20
  • 51. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide The use of time—cyclic time 9am 5pm A B C D E FWestern 21
  • 52. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide starting point A B C DE F Oriental The use of time—cyclic time 9am 5pm A B C D E FWestern 21
  • 53. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide starting point A B C DE F Oriental The use of time—cyclic time 9am 5pm A B C D E FWestern A B D E F C G 21
  • 54. Richard  Lewis:  When  Cultures  Collide The use of time—back to the future present Past Visible influential Present Vaguely understood Future unknowable Malagasy concept of time 22
  • 55. Thank  You Contact us via … Mail: hora_t@mac.com Follow: twitter@htjitra Website: http://horatjitra.com Zhejiang  University,  Hangzhou  (China)