Space technology for society

Space Technology for
Society
Textbook for Space Development
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
Copyright © 2016 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency All Rights Reserved.

2
Title Space Technology for Society
Overview Introducing to utilize space technology for social infrastructure with
examples, such as traffic, agriculture, meteorological, national
land management, and more.
Purpose of
This Unit
Improve knowledge
This Unit for Administrative Officer, Engineer (Introduction)
Requirement
for Taking This
Unit
Introduction to Satellite
Introduction to Remote Sensing
Overview (1/2)

3
When You
Master This
Unit...
 You can understand to utilize space technology for social
infrastructure, such as forest administration, sea investigation,
vessel monitoring, traffic, agriculture, meteorological, national
land management.
 Furthermore, you can understand Japanese role and approach
to global warming and climate change.
Overview (1/2)

4
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Examples of Space Technology for Society.
2.1 Forest administration
2.2 Sea and Vessel administration
2.3 Traffic
2.4 Agriculture
2.5 Meteorological and Climate change
2.6 National land management
• 3. Conclusion.
Contents

5
1.Introduction
Increasing of production activities such as
motorization by economic growth develop our life.
Although, many developing countries don’t have
basic maps covering whole of national land.
Furthermore, we are required a responsibility in
international society for Global warming and
atmospheric pollution.
So, problems had by countries are various, also
solutions.
Space technologies, such as Earth observation,
communication and positioning, can provide these
solutions. Copyright © 2016 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency All Rights Reserved.

6Copyright © 2016 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency All Rights Reserved.
1. Introduction
Airplane
Swath
Resolution
Repeatability
Operation
Satellite
Observation Area
few decimeters～several cm～
several km 10 km～
flying every time repeatable
not in bad weather RADAR is available
only domestic Global observation
If you have your own satellite, you have a lot of merit that could not get by airplane
observing.

7
Space technology for society
Field Case example
Forest ・Monitoring deforestation.
・Administration of forest resources.
Sea ・Collection and dissemination fishery information .
・Providing sea ice information for the shipper.
Vessel ・Monitoring vessel by satellite.
・Detection illegal ships.
Traffic ・Intelligent Transport Systems
Agriculture ・Automatic operation support of agricultural machine.
・Growth management and damage estimation by satellite
data.
Meteorological,
Climate Change
・Global precipitation map.
・Monitoring greenhouse gases.
National land
management
・Making and updating maps.
1.Introduction

2. Examples of Space Technology for Society.
Nation should manage
forest resources…
Monitoring area too wide
unreasonable only manpower!
In fact,
how much has been
cut down?
Illegal logging
monitoring utilizing
satellite image
Catch new logging areas easily!
Vaster area
can be monitored!
1995
Task Effect of space technology
2006
Wikipedia
A deterrent
by monitoring
of the government!
8
Should be policed
the illegal logging…

9
JERS-1/SAR ALOS/PALSAR
1996 2009
13Yeas
Brazilian government agencies “Environmental Renewable Natural Resources Institute (IBAMA)“ used image of the
Japanese earth observation satellite ALOS (Daichi) from 2007 in order to stop the deforestation of the Amazon.
Monitoring by the optical data was difficult because November to April is the rainy season.
Corresponding to this using radar sensor not affected by the cloud.
Develop an immediate data analysis system and education of local engineers was carried out by Japanese ODA. Allowed
the processing and analysis of the radar image needed a relatively high degree of expertise.
Yellow is logging area

I want to find
fishing grounds
more efficiently!
But weather and
ocean conditions
change day-to-day…
Save fuel of fishing boat!
Retail price cuts to consumers!
Fisheries information
by satellite image
Where is the promising
fishing grounds?
It is hard
to find the fishing grounds
from the vast sea…
Select fishing grounds
efficiently!

11
Service to deliver information necessary to fishing such as water temperature / color distribution by the Earth
observation satellite and tide, wave height, wind direction, weather, typhoon information to the ship.
400 ships (30% against about 1200 ships can be equipped with PC)has used it in the 2 year period from fiscal 2011.
It has become possible to find the fishing grounds effectively. Thus it was possible to save the fuel consumption of
fishing vessels 16%.
High precision water temperature Daily view
Usage on the fishing boat
Water temperature + tide information
Water color (Chlorophyll concentration) distribution map
Source：JAFIC

Utilizing satellite
communication
far
near
far
near
I want to prevent
maritime accidents
of the ship!
I want to management
status of the vessel! Possible to communicate
with offshore ship
via satellite!
Prevent
maritime accidents
of the ship!
12
Communicate only
the coastal area
by the conventional system…

13
AIS equipped
(Coast) AIS equipped
(Offing)
AIS not equipped
Coast
Offing
Image acquisition
AIS signal
（Ship→Satellite）
AIS signal
（satellite→Land）
Image transmission
Land stations
We can cover the entire globe by utilizing satellite constellation, thus communication system (AIS) that have been
utilized only in coastal area is available in offing area now. As a result, now we can navigate assistance in more wide
area, and maritime security has been enhanced. By utilizing radar images, we identify and monitoring illegal operating
fishing boats that are not equip AIS transponder. (Demonstration phase)
Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 “DAICHI-2”
Small Demonstration Satellite-4 (SDS-4)

2.3 Traffic
Interfere with the
smooth logistics…
Want to go to
the destination
without getting lost !
I want to find
a detour route!
A Traffic jam is
a serious problem
in urban areas…
Transport costs down!
Retail price down!
Activation of economic activity!
14
Provide traffic
information such as the
location, root and delay.
Decreasing a traffic jam !
Smooth logistics
have been realized !
Navigation the best route
to your destination!

ITS（Intelligent Transport Systems）
Comprehensive service that provides traffic information for drivers.
The system consists of car navigation system using positioning satellites, VICS (deliver traffic jam information and
accidents status) and ETC (automatic payment system).
15
Arrive in 10min
GPS
1.9 million
60 million
Car navigation system cumulative shipments in Japan
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport created based on data
provided from Electronic and Information Technology Industries
Association (JEITA) (2014.4.23.)
2014
ITS image
Rout
a traffic jam, etc
Bus location system
1997
Positioning information
Automatic
payment
2.3 Traffic

2.4 Agriculture
Getting large of
farms…
I want to administrate
the farm efficiently!
Manpower
shortage…
Permanently solve
the problem
of manpower shortage!
Administration huge farm
efficiently !
Automatic operation
of agricultural machine!
16
Automatic operation
of agricultural
machine by satellite
navigation

17
Automatic operation image of
agricultural machine by positioning satellite.
Automatic operation demonstration
by Hokkaido University.
Reinforcement signal
(tens of centimeter)
GPS signal
(several meter)
Tillage, Seeding, Fertilization, Harvest
2.4 Agriculture
Automatic operation demonstration of agricultural machine utilizing GPS reinforcement signal of Quasi-Zenith Satellite-
1 “MICHIBIKI”.
Making efficient administration huge farm, contribute to the reduction of personnel expenses and manpower shortage.
LEX antenna
Robot controller
LEX receiver

Farm administration
by satellite image
Monitoring farm products
condition Objectively !
Don’t miss the timing
of fertilization!
I want to know actual
farm products condition!
Manpower
shortage…
I want a proper
fertilizer administration!
Administration of
Huge farms…
Many farms…
18
2.4 Agriculture
Automatic operation
of agricultural machine!

19
The plan that pay mutual aid money depending on the damage rate of paddy rice uses earth observation satellite data
to estimate the damage objectively and make up for manpower shortage.
Create a model to estimate the amount of damage based on brightness value of satellite images and sampled
measured yield, then predict wide area yield.
By using the same method, it can be applied to administrate farm products condition.
Sampling the
actual yield
Objective, wide area yield forecast
Source : JAXA open Lab
2.4 Agriculture
Extraction brightness value
of farm field from images.Farm field
GIS data

Prior to detection the typhoon
and heavy rain!
Prevent damage!
Accurate weather forecast is
also important for economic
development!
Typhoons occur
every year…
Want to reduce
damage of disaster !
Japan Meteorological Agency
Weather observation
using satellite
Stationary
weather observation!

By global precipitation map (GSMaP) updated Quasi-real-time (update the data after observation for four hours every
hour) obtain information replace weather satellite also in developing countries. And it is possible to make a preliminary
response plan against disasters such as typhoons.
In addition, it provides data at 30-minute intervals for the observation area of the Japanese geostationary
meteorological satellite "Himawari".
Using satellites：GPM-Core GMI, TRMM TMI, GCOM-W AMSR2, DMSP series SSMIS, NOAA series AMSU, MetOp series AMSU, geostationary
meteorological satellite IR
Global precipitation map GSMaP (2015,8,20, Typhoon No. 15 / No. 16 upon the occurrence, at Asia Oceania region)

Observed all over the world
from space!
Ensure the international
presence!
It is necessary to fulfill
its responsibilities in the
international community…
Global warming
due to climate change
To investigate all over the
world is not possible
by only ground-based
observations…
Constantly observable
climate change!
22
Climate change
observation
using satellite

23
The number of ground observation
points were not enough and almost
of that were on land. In addition,
there is difference of observation
accuracy and criteria among nations.
JAXA’s earth observation program
By earth observation satellite,
global observation of
greenhouse gases in a same
accuracy is available.
In the international earth observation framework “GEO”, Japan is working to focus on disaster, global
warming and climate change utilizing greenhouse gases observation satellite and water cycle
observation satellite.

Streamline the work
in the field survey!
Keep the map up-to-date!
But it takes huge amount of
work and expense to update
the map…
I want to periodically
update the map!
Map creation and
updating using
satellite
Old
Old
Old Old Old
Old
Old
New
New
New New New
New
New
There are areas
where the map has not
been established…
24
Map creation
using satellite images!
Existing map is old…

25
Creation and updating of map need field survey.
If existing map different from actual parcel so far, field survey become different.
By creating a pre-local overview map utilizing high resolution satellite images, it is used as the information of the field
survey.
Existing map is not consistent with the actual land parcels.
Field survey becomes difficult,
a lot of effort is needed.
Creating manuscripts for survey using satellite images.
Efficient field survey
based on manuscripts for survey.

26
3. Conclusion.
• You can use the Earth observation data in administration forest, fishery support
information, global rainfall information, creation and updating maps.
• By new technology innovation than ever before such as automatic operation of
agriculture machines utilizing positioning satellite, it is expected improving the life of
people dramatically.
• By combing satellite remote sensing technology and ships monitoring technology by
satellite AIS, sea security can be strong dramatically.
• By using earth satellite, global warming and global climate change can be assessed
quantitatively and objectively, and fulfill responsibilities in international society.
Japan has know-how about social applications of
space technology such as forest and sea monitoring,
upgrading traffic infrastructure.
So we can offer the solutions to solve your problem.

Textbook for Space Development
March 2016: First Edition

Space technology for society

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