Introduction-for_management_program(part_2)

Introduction for Management Program
(Part 2)
Textbook for Space Development
Copyright © 2015 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency All Rights Reserved. 1

Overview (1/2)
2
Title Introduction for Management Program (Part 2)
Overview This text “Introduction for Management Program (Part 2)” explains
the management techniques to treat with the safety control,
configuration control, risk control and EEE parts control to ensure
the quality and reliability in the development of space products.
The procedures and management techniques related to the quality
and reliability of space products are described in the text
“Introduction for Management Program (Part 1)”.
Purpose of
This Unit
Improve the management ability in the development of
spacecrafts and the engineering design ability of satellite system
and a variety of subsystems.
This Unit for Administrative Officer, Engineer (Introduction), Engineer
(Beginner), Engineer (Intermediate)
Requirement
for Taking This
Unit
Project Management Process, Introduction to Satellite
Copyright © 2015 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency All Rights Reserved.

Overview (1/2)
3
When You
Master This
Unit…
 You can learn five major management program in spacecraft
development.
 You can learn the meaning of configuration, the essential
procedures and documents to manage the configuration such
as waiver, MRB, ECP, configuration identification documents.
 You can learn the objectives and importance of the safety
management.
 You can learn the procedure of the risk assessment with the
hazard analysis.
 You can learn typical activities in space system safety program
in JAXA.
 You can learn the importance of the risk prevention system in
the risk management.
 You can learn the risk dispositions taking account of both the
probability of occurrence of the risk and its consequence.
 You can learn the summary of EEE Parts Program in JAXA.
 You can learn the summary of the qualified EEE parts list in
JAXA, NASA and ESA.

4
• 1. Project Management Process
overview of project management process
• 2.Configuration Management
– meaning of configuration, the essential procedures and documents
to manage the configuration such as waiver, MRB, ECP,
configuration identification documents.
– procedure of the risk assessment with the hazard analysis.
• 3.Safety Management
– objectives and importance of the safety management.
• 4.Risk Management
– typical activities in space system safety program.
– importance of the risk prevention system in the risk management.
• 5.EEE Parts Program Management
– summary of EEE Parts Program in JAXA.
– summary of the qualified EEE parts list in JAXA,, NASA and ESA
Contents

5
1. Project Management Process
• Project Management Process is the process for
management and control to support development
process, and to manage and control the development
process of the project based on various management/
control plans as specified in aforementioned “Project
Management”
• The basis of this "Manage" and "Control" is Safety
and Mission Assurance. That is, safety assurance is
the major premise for Mission Success.
• In Controlling Process, the followings shall be
performed under the above circumstances.
① Reliability Management ② Quality Management
③ Configuration Management ④ Safety Management
⑤ Risk Management

6
2. Configuration Management（1/2）
What is Configuration?
• The configuration is functional or physical
characteristics of system or constituent items over
the entire lifecycle.
What is Configuration Management?
• The configuration management is a engineering and
managerial process which identifies the functional or
physical characteristics of system or component
items in entire life-cycle of design, production, test
and operation, and always maintains records and
provides the latest state.
1. Identify technical and other requirements.
2. Maintain design results.
3. Record the properties of products.

7
• Organizational structure of configuration
management
– Configuration Control Board (CCB) ： Committee of
technical and managerial experts having authority
and responsibility for configuration identification and
change decision. It consists of representatives of the
configuration management sec., engineering sec.,
reliability and quality assurance sec., manufacturing
sec., procurement sect., and such like.
2. Configuration Management （2/2）

2.1 Configuration Identification (1/2)
8Copyright © 2015 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency All Rights Reserved.
Configuration Identification Procedure in JAXA
Contractor shall pursue the following identification work on the base
of the aforementioned configuration identification documents.
１） Allocate the functional and physical properties for achieving the
requirements concretely to lower-level component elements to the
part level according to the state of progress and identify and list them
as configuration items.
２） Document the interface between configuration items or between the
other party to the contract and its supplier into a technical instruction.
３）Establish the technical instructions prepared in Clauses (1) and (2)
after review by the CCB.
４）Include in the technical instructions the information about their
changes and traceability (applied higher-level documents, etc.)
５）Technical instructions that require approval as stated in the contract
should be approved by the Agency as approved technical instructions

Category Documents
Configuration
identification
documents
•Technical Specification
・Integrated system specs
・Main system specs
・Development specs
・Interface control document
・Product specs
•Supplementary document to technical specification
・Approval drawing
・Approval Engineering instruction
document, etc.
Documents related to
changes to
configuration
identification
documents
・Engineering Change Proposal（ECP）
・Request for Deviation/Waiver（RFD/RFW)
Engineering
instruction documents
・Various specification such as design specification, Design
standards
・Manufacturing drawing
・Interface Control Drawing (ICD)
・Change order documents such as Design specification, manuf.
drawing
Record and report
documents
・Record of status of configuration identification documents
・Record of processing status of Engineering
change/deviation/waiver
・Record of issue/change status of engineering order documents
・As Designed Configuration List
・As Built Configuration List
・As Delivered Configuration List
2.1 Configuration Identification Documents(2/2)
(See JAXA Configuration Management Standard JMR-006)
9Copyright © 2015 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency All Rights Reserved.

10
2.2 Configuration Change Control
• Configuration Control Activity
– activities to review and approve the configuration change, and accurately
reflect the results to the configuration items and related documents.
• Configuration Control is classified into
① Engineering Change
– The design change due to the improvement of function or performances of
configuration items and the changes of interface conditions shall be
reviewed for its validity and recorded and managed by the proper
configuration control system.
② Deviation
– When the production of the system or component items which are not
conforming to the requirements of the configuration identification documents
is necessary in order to meet the delivery time, application for deviation shall
be submitted to get approved to use an alternative product as one-time only
special exception prior to the production of system and component items.
③ Waiver
– When produced system or component items are not conforming to the
requirements of the configuration identification documents, application for
waiver shall be submitted to get approved for using as-is or repairing the
item in a proper method on the basis of appropriate judgment.

11
2.3 Recording and Reporting
• Recording and reporting are activities for
clearly keeping track of the configuration at
major milestones of development and
ensuring the traceability to allow efficient
control.
– Prepare and keep the status record of
configuration documents.
– Set forth the time of reporting beforehand and
report the above status record to the Agency.

12
3. Safety Management
What is Safety Management?
• Safety Management is a process to identify the hazards related to
systems, eliminate the hazards through designing, production,
testing and operational steps or minimize and control the hazards to
assure the safety in order to protect people, property and systems.
etc as well as the environment from the accidents related to
subsystems and components (system, etc.).
• In this process, the system safety program plan shall be prepared
and executed in the early phase of the developmental life cycle.
• The main and typical activities are as follows.
(See JAXA System Safety Standard JMR-001B)
(1) Organization
(2) Identification and Analysis of Hazard
(3) Safety Design
(4) Safety Verification
(5) Safety Review
(6) Documentation and Safety Data

13
3.1 Identification and Analysis of Hazard(1/2)
• Identification and Analysis of Hazard
– The hazard as a system including subsystem
and components shall be identified and analyzed
through their entire life cycle in order to confirm
the tolerable level as well as minimizing the risks.
– The hazard risk is classified into three levels
(“unacceptable”, “undesirable ” and “acceptable”).
Any levels other than “acceptable” level shall be
identified and analyzed by the Hazard report and
the control and verification method shall be
clarified.

Risk Disposition Hazard Report
Unacceptable Unacceptable YES
Undesirable Waiver or corrective action YES
Acceptable Acceptable without review NO
14
severity
Ⅰ
Catastrophic
Ⅱ
Critical
Ⅲ
Marginal
Ⅳ
Negligible
Likelihood
Frequent
Probable
Occasional
Remote
Improbable
3.1 Identification and Analysis of Hazard(2/2)
Classification in Hazard Analysis

• Safety Design
– In order to control the hazard, set the safety
requirements, grasp the cause for each hazard and take
measures for each cause.
• Safety Verification
– The safety design shall be verified by tests, etc.
• Safety Review
– Safety Review is to confirm that the necessary actions
are certainly specified in the document of safety
procedure and the works are surely performed in
accordance with the procedure.
• Documentation and Safety Data
– Achievements and results of the system safety program
activities shall be documented.
– And the obtained safety data shall be maintained and
managed.
15
3.2 Safety Design/ Safety Verification / Safety Review

16
3.3 Typical activities in system safety program
Concept design &
Approval of Plan
(phase A)
Preliminary
design
(phase B)
Critical
design
(phase C)
Manufacturing
& test
(phase D)
Operation
(phase E)
Re-
mark
JAXA,
Supplier
JAXA
System
Milestone
SRR SDR
(sys. req. review, sys. def. review)
Project Mitigation Review
System Definition Review
PDR
(pre. design review)
CDR
(cri. design review)
PQR or PSR
(post qualification review) (pre-shipment review)
System Safety Program
Development
Close-out Review
Mission
Close-out Review
System Safety Review
Hazard Analysis
Safety Requirements
Development
Activities Phase
of System
Safety Program
1st edition
Safety Review in Phase 0 Safety Review
in Phase A
Safety Review
in Phase B
Safety Review
in Phase C
Safety Review after
Phase C if necessary
Phase 0 Hazard Analysis reassessment
Phase A Hazard Analysis
Phase B Hazard Analysis reassessment (if necessary)
Phase C Hazard Analysis reassessment (if necessary)
Safety Requirements Draft
Safety Requirements
Maintenance
/Revision
Maintenance
/Revision
Maintenance
/Revision
Maintenance
/Revision
Work Procedure Manual
Refine Revise if necessary
Manufacturing manuals,
Testing manuals, etc
Operation manuals
(SOE,SOP)

17
4. Risk Management
What is Risk Management?
• Risk Management is a process to manage the risk
systematically and prevent or lower the risk of hazards
(source origin and causes) and loss.
• Main and typical activities are as follows.
(See NASA Risk Management Procedural Requirements NPR8000.4A)
c
(1) Identify
(2) Analyze
(3) Plan
(4) Track and Control
(5) Communicate and document

18
4.1 Risk Management Activities
Identify risks
Risk analysis
Risk disposition
Track risks
Communicate risks
Repeat
this
cycle
Risk Management Activities
・Estimate the probability and
consequence components of
the risk through analysis.
・Decide on risk disposition
and handling, develop and
execute mitigation plans, and
decide what will be tracked.
・Track observables relating
to performance measures.
・ Communicate and document
the above activities throughout
the process
・Identify contributors to risk,
and register them.

19
4.2 Example of risk classification
low ← consequence of occurrence→ high
high←probabilityofoccurrence→low
low
1 2 3 4 5
5
4
3
2
1
High risk：Execution of the new process or change of the baseline.
Medium risk：manage the risk actively or consider alternatives.
Low risk：trace observables.

• JAXA Qualified EEE Parts List
– JAXA EEE (Electrical, Electronic and Electromechanical) Parts
Program Standard specifies the following necessary
requirements to select, procure and apply EEE parts correctly;
parts program management, requirement items in parts
requirement specification, management efforts at parts
procurement and so on.
– The JAXA qualified parts are commonly used in the Japanese
space programs and systems that are developed by JAXA.
– JAXA microcircuit, hybrid and semiconductor parts general
qualification, quality conformance inspection (QCI) and
screening requirements are based on the following
specifications.
• JAXA-QTS-2010C, JAXA-QTS-2020B, JAXA-QTS-2030D
– JAXA Space Component Engineering Center reviews
manufacturer's materials and processes documentation,
applicable test-specification, test data, and evaluation report.
20
5. EEE Parts Program(1/4)

21
• JAXA Qualified EEE Parts List
– The parts manufactured by various Japanese companies that are
listed in the JAXA QPL/QML, are fabricated, assembled and tested
in Japan.
– EEE parts for JAXA’s space systems applications are classified into
Class I to Class Ⅲ based on reliability and quality assurance
viewpoint.
– Class I parts are applied to critical parts of the applications satellite
in which best quality are required.
– Class Ⅱ parts are applied to parts of other general satellites except
for applications satellites in which moderate quality are required.
– Class Ⅲ parts are applied to parts of experimental equipments and
special mission satellite.
– The detailed information about JAXA manufacturers may be found
from the JAXA Database of Qualified EEE Parts and Materials.

22
• NASA Parts Selection List (NPSL)
• NPSL Includes Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical
(EEE) Parts.
• This site has been developed to serve as a parts selection
tool for design engineers and parts engineers supporting
NASA space flight programs.
• This site provides a detailed listing of EEE part types which
the NASA EEE Parts Assurance Group (NEPAG)
recommends for NASA flight projects based on evaluations,
risk assessments and quality levels.
• The parts listed in the NPSL have been assessed for quality,
reliability, and risk and found to meet the criteria for listing.
• For the benefit of the user, information regarding the use of
this document is provided in the Introduction.
• This NASA EEE parts selection list is provided to all elements
of NASA and is available to all departments and agencies of
the Department of Defense.

23
• European Preferred Parts List (EPPL)
– This Standard contains the European preferred parts list
(EPPL) established under the authority of the Space
Components Steering Board (SCSB) in partnership with the
European Space Agency (ESA), national space agencies
(NSAs) and European space industries.
– It also provides the rules for establishing the list of preferred
and suitable components to be used by European
manufacturers of spacecraft hardware and associated
equipment.
– The operating rules for management, administration and
maintenance of the EPPL are defined in annex of this
Standard.
– The EPPL is in two parts:
• Part I components are those fully qualified or evaluated to
recognized space standards giving full confidence for space usage.
• Part II components have potential capability to satisfy space
application requirements, but have not yet reached the level of full
confidence.

24
references
1) JMR-006, JAXA Configuration Management Standard.
2) JMR-001B, JAXA System Safety Standard.
3) NPR8000.4A, NASA Risk Management Procedural Requirements.
4) NASA Parts Selection List (NPSL),
http://nepp.nasa.gov/npsl/index.htm
5) European Preferred Parts List,
https://escies.org/webdocument/showArticle?id=166&groupid=6

Textbook for Space Development March 2015: First Edition

Introduction-for_management_program(part_2)

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