Introduction cltp10 20190817

©2019 UNISEC All rights reserved. Do not Reproduce without Permission. 1
HEPTA-Sat Training Program:
Hands-on Education Program for Technical Advancement
Knowledge and Technology Transfer
by Hands-on Type CubeSat Education

Introduction(1/3)
About HEPTA-Sat Training

What is HEPTA-Sat Training?
What is HEPTA-Sat Training Program?
 The HEPTA-Sat Training Program was developed in 2012 to
contribute to capacity building in space technology. HEPTA-
Sat(Hands-on Education Program for Technical Advancement)
which is different from CanSat, but suitable for wider
purposes on hands-on training of basic space engineering
education(CubeSat, etc.). The objective is to provide
opportunities for satellite development and education.
Expected Participants
 Future leaders and instructors of basic space technology training.
 Future collaborators to spread HEPTA-Sat will be welcomed.
Certificate of Participation of CubeSat Training World wide collaborators

489
Host countries Participating countries Trainees
259
During 2017～2019.8

489
Host countries Participating countries Trainees
259
During 2017～2019.8
 2012～2017(National Space Educational Project)
 2017～
 (1) UN/South Africa Workshop in collaboration with United Nation
 (2) Space Study Program(SHSSP2019,SSP2019) in collaboration
with International Space University
 (3) Space Training Program in collaboration with
Japan International Cooperation Agency(JICA)
 (4) Workshop in collaboration with Science Museum
 (5) Implementing the University Curriculum (Tokyo Tech. UAE Univ.)
 (6) Corporate Training Program
(about System Engineering & Team Management)

©2019 UNISEC All rights reserved. Do not Reproduce without Permission.
Flight Switch
Antenna
Solar cell
Access port
Release
Detection
Switch
6
What is HEPTA-Sat kit？
3D printing Structure
GPS
Camera

GPS
9-axis
Thermal Sensor
Memory MPU
Camera
Transceiver
Battery
7

User Board
Communication
& Sensor Board
EPS, C&DH Board
Communication &
Sensor Board
EPS, C&DH Board
User Board

 Composed of 6 function and 6 primary sub-systems.
 You can learn how each subsystem functions and how to integrate subsystems
into a satellite through experiencing the process of assembly, integration
including programing & system implementation and test.
Supporting
Producing
Storing,
Checking &
Controlling
Power
Data
Handling
Commanding Communicating Sensing
Function
Structure
Subsystem
Electrical Power
Supply
Subsystem
Command &
Data Handling
Subsystem
Communication
Subsystem
Ground station
Subsystem
Sensor
Subsystem
Subsystem
HEPTA-sat Wireless
communication
HEPTA
Uplink/Downlink Up/Down
Software
Low Power Radio Unit
GPS Signal

 Composed of 6 function, 6 primary sub-systems and physical elements.

Step 1:
Lecture
Step 2:
Hardware Assembly
Step 3:
Hardware & Software
Integration
Congratulations!
Step 4:
Mission Design
Step 5:
Field test
Step 6:
Review & Presentation
Objective of this Training
(1) Understanding basic satellite system architecture.
(2) Experiencing the pico-satellite development process in a short time.
(3) Acquiring the basic knowledge of space engineering including Program
Management and Systems Engineering).

 Focuses mainly on understanding, assembling, integrating, and testing the
function of the CubeSat model and carrying out it in a hands-on manner step
by step from the component level to the system level.
4steps
4days
1week-1.5week
3 Level
Advanced

Training Textbook
2MB_ Flash_ Memory
(OBC)
Micro SD
(Memory)
Serial
(UART)
I2C
Camera
SPI
Accelerometer
Gyroscope
Magnetometer
Transceiver
GPS
Transceiver
W ireless
communication
PC
USB
Ground station
GPS Satellites
A/D converter
EPS(Electrical Power Supply)
Solar
array
Programming
I/O
Battery
voltagecheck
Mini-
USB
Pwm
USER Port
UART
Switch
Solar/DC
Charger Flight Pin
(F-SW -2)
Battery
Charge Management
Controller
Switch
ON/OFF
Flight Pin
(F-SW -1)
3.3V
converter
5.0V
converter
Release Detection Switch
(R-SW )
cs
5V500mA
Vout
(3.3V)
I/O
Operational
amplifier
Thermal
sensor
Analog
switch
I/O
EPS ArchitectureIntroduction
System Design Circuit Diagram

Training Textbook
TestTechnical Term
Integration Assembly

Interactive Communication
Feedback from the real worldVarious fields
Engineer, Scientist,
Lawyer, Artist, Manager

Key Features
1. Training Kit 2. Text Book 3. Training Program
＋
ー
TRAINING KIT
?
?
?
?
HW,
SW,
Math,
etc.
System
6. Step by Step5. Self-directed
7. Communication
4. Hands-on Interactive

Why CubeSat Training?
 Satellite is possible to learn variety of elemental technologies
 Mechanical engineering, electronic engineering and communication
engineering and it’s system integration.
 To learn the space systems engineering, CubeSat development project
based learning is a very effective training way.
17
1) Vibration and Shock
5) Thermal
4) High vacuum
3) Radiation
2) Mechanical, Electronic,
Communication Eng.

Why CubeSat Training?
 It is sometimes hard to gain knowledge or experience of the whole
development process because the roles are divided into team members.
 Not only a local optimization insight but also global optimization insight for
developing the system.
 The training program offer a such kind of experience before starting real
satellite in a short time and low cost.
Structure
Subsystem
Electrical Power
Supply
Subsystem
Command &
Data Handling
Subsystem
Communication
Subsystem
Ground station
Subsystem
Sensor
Subsystem
Satellite

Summary
 The low cost of implementation, short preparation time and simplicity of
design make excellent practical opportunity for students to take their first steps
in space engineering.
 Benefits of a hands-on education based on small satellite are…
 Experience the whole system construction.
 Create ideas out of nothing and integrate and accomplish the system to
work correctly.
 Learn time and cost management, how to deal with risks, and how to work
in a team.
 Be given feedback from the real world, not a desk study but a real
experience through developing an actual spacecraft.
 These learning experiences can create opportunities for in-depth study of the
mission plan, specialized theory, design, development and experiment, also for
students who wish to learn fields other than space.
? ? Future collaborators
to spread HEPTA-Sat
will be welcomed!!

Introduction(2/3)
A Guide to Good Learning

HEPTA-Sat Training Way
 This training was created to share with you the knowledge and skills relating to
space systems engineering that will form the basis for designing and developing
picosatellites.
 However, based on the understanding that it is difficult to turn all tacit
knowledge into explicit knowledge, we are using this opportunity to increase
explicit knowledge using your tacit knowledge. Your questions will help to
upgrade the content of this training.

 HEPTA-Sat training consists of four parts.
 Part 1. Design: You will learn the basics of system design mainly by reading the
textbook, and then deepen your understand by engaging in exercises and
discussions with your fellow team members.
 Part 2. Integration and Test: By learning about each subsystem, you will learn
how to assemble, integrate and test each part. After gaining an understanding
of the background theory by reading the textbook, you will then deepen you
understanding by actually assembling, integrating and testing elements
subsystems and systems.
 Part 3. Conceptualize and Practice: You will review what you have learned in
Parts 1 and 2 and then use that knowledge to conceive of, design and develop
your own subsystem. By repeating this process of abstraction and application
you will become aware of how this knowledge about picosatellites can be used
in a diverse range of applications.
 Part 4. Teaching: Passing on the knowledge you have gained about picosatellite
design and knowledge acquisition to students will give your further insight and
reinforce in your own mind what you have learned.
HEPTA-Sat Training Way

Learning Way
 HEPTA-Sat training basically entails students taking the initiative to learn from
textbooks and then deepen their understanding by asking questions.
 In HEPTA-Sat training, students repeat the following process from the element
level to the system level to understand not only picosatellites and Space System
Engineering theory, but also how to apply this theory in other fields.
Learn
Theory
Practice Discuss
Concept
ualize
Practice
Move on to the another topic

Exercise
 Various exercises are included in the textbook for you to engage in as part of
HEPTA-Sat training.
 Please use them to see for yourself how much you have learned and retained.
 If you have any questions, please ask the instructor or discuss them with other
team members so that nothing is left unclear.
Instruction Tag
Sample program name
(You can download our website.)
Program explanation
(You can search more by google
search.)

Instruction Tag
 We prepare the “Instruction Tag” in to the textbook.
Explanation of Tag Line

Online Test / Quiz
 Online tests are also available for each Lab so that you can check your progress.
Click a button to take a test.
Your accountSurvey for training

Online Test / Quiz
 Online tests are also available for each Lab so that you can check your progress.

Supplementary Materials
 Supplementary materials are also available.
 Please use them to get more knowledge about space & space engineering.

Schedule and Homework
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4
Introduction
0.1. Program management
0.2 Systems Engineering
1. Computer Lang.
2．Electrical Subsystem
3. Command & Data
Handling Subsystem
4. Sensor Subsystem
5．Communication
Subsystem
6. Structure
Subsystem
7．Mission design
& implementation
7.1 Mission Review
7.2 Mission Implementation
7.2 Mission Implementation 7.3 Mission Result
Presentation
8.1 Teaching Practice Preparation 8.2 Teaching Practice

Schedule and Homework
 Homework-1: Please come up with two or more challenges which can be dealt
with using satellites (Ex. Come up with challenges faced by your country).
 Deadlines-1:
 Homework-2: Please decide on a mission for your group as part of the HEPTA-Sat
mission implementation. Make at least one mission concept and visualize the
mission sequence. Draw the concept in electronic form.
 Deadlines-2:
 For mission implementation, you will have several days (Days – ). Your budget is
and you will have access to tools. A mission and system review is scheduled for
Day and a design/experiment review and self-evaluation for Day .

Introduction(3/3)
Overview of Artificial Satellite

What is artificial satellite?
24
hour
+
Artificial satellite ?
Navigation Disaster management
Broadcasting
Weather forecast
 There are lots of application...Weather forecast, Broadcasting, Navigation, e.t.c.

What is artificial satellite?
Definition of Artificial satellite:
(several hundred km – several ten thousand km)
Space (100km)
Kármán line

Classification of artificial satellites by altitude
Communication satellite
Broadcasting satellite
Climate satellite
Earth observation satellite
Earth observation satellite
(Nano/Pico satellite)
ISS

Classification of artificial satellites by orbit
Classification Name Characteristics
Altitude Geostationary
orbit
About 36,000km altitude circular orbit. The period is the
same as that of axial rotation of earth.
Low earth orbit About 250-1000km altitude.
Inclination Equatorial orbit 0 inclination.
Polar orbit The inclination is nearly 90 deg. The sat passes near north
pole and south pole.
Orbit shape Circular orbit Altitude is constant.
Elliptic orbit The altitude of the perigee is quite different from that of
the apogee.
Relation with
sun
Sun-
synchronous
orbit
The longitude of the ascending node returns to the same
value after one day.
Relation with
earth
Recurrent orbit The sat passes through the same point once a day.
Sub-recurrent
orbit
The sat passes through the same point once per several
days.

Classification of artificial satellites by orbit
Polar orbit
Geostationary orbit
Parking orbit
Planetary
exploration?
Polar orbits: Every lap passes through the equator at different longitudes.

Classification of artificial satellites by mission
GPS satellite Broadcasting
satellite
Earth observation
satellite
Climate
satellite
Astronomy satellite Engineering satellite

Classification of artificial satellites by size

Classification of artificial satellites by size
Size Mass Example of satellite (mission)
Large >1000kg
Multi-purpose and high performance, or high power satellite (Earth
observation, Astronomy, Climate, GPS, and so on)
Medium 500-1000kg
Relatively high power satellite (geostationary broadcasting)
Small 100-500kg
Earth observation (Remote sensing, environment observation,
disaster monitoring), Scientific mission, technology verification,
monitoring, and so on
Micro 10-100kg
A few special mission
Nano 1-10kg
Simple mission, not so high performance but cost-effective (earth
observation, technology demonstration, education)
Technology demonstration, education, scientific mission. We can
develop the satellite of this category in a laboratory
Pico 0.1-0.99kg
Mainly technology demonstration and education. Best for first
challenge for students
Target of this lecture!!

Nano/Micro-satellite of UNISEC

What is Nano-satellite? CubeSat?
CubeSat: Efficiently using of limited resources (space, energy, etc.)
バス系ミッション系
EPS
電源系
COM
通信系
ADC
姿勢系
CDH
データ
処理
熱系
構造系
Bus system Mission system
C&DH
Command & Data
Handling
subsystem
EPS
Electrical Power
Supply
subsystem
ADC
Attitude
Determination &
Control
subsystem
COM
Communication
subsystem
Thermal
Thermal
Subsystem
Structure Subsystem
Bus system: the system necessary for
the satellite to survive in space
Mission system: equipment for space
experiments, observation equipment,
cameras, etc.

バス系ミッション系
EPS
電源系
COM
通信系
ADC
姿勢系
CDH
データ
処理
熱系
構造系
Bus system Mission system
C&DH
Command & Data
Handling
subsystem
EPS
Electrical Power
Supply
subsystem
ADC
Attitude
Determination &
Control
subsystem
COM
Communication
subsystem
Thermal
Thermal
Subsystem
Structure Subsystem
A system has certain characteristics (functions / effects) by combining various components such as
hardware, software, people, data, service, etc.

© JAXA ALOS-2
Class Large satellite Nano/Micro satellite
COST HIGH LOW
DEV. TIME LONG SHORT
FUNCTION MULTI SPECIFIC

 Satellite needs a separation system that deploys the satellite from the launch
vehicle to the orbit.
Piggyback
satellite
Main
Satellite
Rocket installation image of a small sub paylode
Satellite fairing
Main
Satellite
Separator for
main Sattelite
Main Satellite
Onboard adapter
Small sub Satellite
onboard support structure
pedestal
Separation
direction
SPROUT
POD Type Separation
Mechanism

Separation system examples
 California Polytechnic State University (CalPoly) developed the CubeSat
Standard Deployer first in the world which is called P-POD.
 The suppliers also offer the launch arrangement between launch company
and satellite developers, which is really good idea.
P-POD

What can you do with such a CubeSat?
 Study of space engineering, hands-on
training of space development
 Technology demonstration concerned with
your research ( graduation thesis)
 Test bed of new products provided by
companies
 Scientific mission
 Constellation
 Not so many things, but something. for example;
Cute1.7+APD II (charged particle counter),
UNISEC annual report 2009

Multi-point simultaneous measurement
Stereo measurement
Pico-satellite x constellation (linking multiple satellites)
• Improve observation spatial and temporal resolution
What can you do with pico-sat?

• Improve observation spatial and temporal resolution
• Observe the same place over and over, observe multiple places at once,
replace if broken
ステレオ計測

• if you have 48, you can observe every 7.5 minutes on average everywhere in the
world (you can observe one place every time for about 15 minutes, so you can
observe virtually always)
http://www.unisec.jp/history/lecture_series/2013/0126.html

Pico- satellite x observation of ice in the Arctic Ocean (weather news Corporation)
• By observing the ice in the Arctic Ocean, commercial ships can navigate the Arctic
Ocean in winter
http://weathernews.com/wnisat/

Pico-satellite x Store & Forward (Data Acquisition Through Satellite)
• Once the data observed on the ground is transmitted to the satellite (uplink),
when the satellite passes over the ground station it sends data to the ground
station (downlink)
http://www.unisec.jp/history/lecture_series/2013/0126.html

Pico-satellite x Space Internet
• Launch thousands of satellites on orbit and provide optical fiber level Internet
connectivity to remote areas of the world (improvement of the Internet in remote
areas and developing countries)
Google
Facebookhttp://wired.jp/2015/02/09/oneweb/

2018 Nano/Micro-satellite Launch History and Market Forecast (1-50kg)
http://spaceworksenterprises.com/

 Mail ordering of artificial satellites also started, allowing anyone to make space.

 Ardusat (NanoSatisfi Corporation，http://www.nanosatisfi.com/)
 Using the microcomputer Arduino board, space-based platform such as
photography（=CubeSat. A business that develops and purchases usage rights by
users. Hardware is developed GOM Space Corporation（http://gomspace.com/）．

There are lots of satellite for using Science, Engineering, Business…
 It is becoming an era when many people can use the Space.
 Technology, ideas, concepts are important.
SEEDS（1U, Nihon Univ.）
University Education Sats
Bio-Lab(2U)
Bio experimental satellite
SPROUT(8U, Nihon Univ.)
Re-entry De-orbit
Micro-MAS(3U)
Meteorological satellite
INSPIRE(3U)
Rendezvous Satellite
ISARA（３U）
Communication satellite
AAReST
Space Telescope
NEMO-AM(15kg)
Air pollution observation
satellite
NASA-ARC計画（6U）
Nano resolution optical satellite

 Both pico-satellites and large satellites have different advantages and
disadvantages.
 Is the mission going to be done in cooperation with each other in the future?
Constellation
(linking multiple satellites)

Can you easily Design CubeSat?
 Think of things MECE (as much as possible), we need the ability to do the
integration and verification; MECE(mutually exclusive and collectively
exhaustive) : MECE is grouping principle for separating a set of items into
subsets that are mutually exclusive (ME) and collectively exhaustive (CE).
Conclusion
Reason1 Reason2 Reason3
MECEMECEMECE
MECE MECE MECE
MECE
So W hat? W hy So?
Theme

Can you easily Design CubeSat?
 Step 1: Imagine the all scenario from the start of development to the end of
operation and identify necessary requirements as MECE.
 Step 2: Assemble, integrate and test (evaluate) the components that realize the
all requirements.
59
3) Vibration and shock of the rocket
4) Heat from the sun etc.
5) High vacuum
6) Radiation
2) Mechanical engineering /
electronics / communication
engineering
1) Legal Procedures
0) Design & Development

Before developing pico-satellite
 Knowledge of dynamics learned in high school, physics (motion equation, exercise of
objects such as circular movement), electric circuit (voltage, current, resistance,
condenser etc.) is essential.
 In order to understand the theory behind the satellite design, knowledge about
differential integral, differential equation, vector, matrix, material dynamics (structural
mechanics) learned at university, orbital dynamics, control engineering, communication
engineering are necessary.
 A satellite is a mathematical model that fly in space, it is modeled and simulated by
mathematics and dynamics based on the above theory.
Required in development Knowledge
Programing Algorithm
PCB Electronics
Communication subsystem Antenna and communication engineering
ADC and Orbit determination Orbit mechanics, Control, vector mechanics, Linear
algebra, Geometry, …
Structure subsystem Strength of materials, Structural mechanics
Thermal control Thermodynamics, heat-transfer
Project management Systems engineering
others Logical thinking

 It is important to clarify "what" and "how to verify" at each stage
If you want to do something in space;
Mission definition (mission requirements,
mission sequence)
System requirement to achieve mission
System definition (Subsystem, System
configuration)
Components and parts
Verification plan, Development schedule
BBM (verification of principle of
subsystem, system configuration)
Preliminary design
PDR
EM (verification of Preliminary design by
environmental testing, operation testing)
Detailed design
CDR
FM (final verification)
Completed!
Role-sharing arrangement

システム定義
ミッション定義
概念設計
Bread Board Model
基本設計
Engineering Model
詳細設計
Flight Model
打ち上げ
Testing of BBM
Testing of EM
Testing of FM
Phase A
Phase B
Phase C
Phase D
Phase E
Mission definition
System definition
Concept design
Basic design
Detailed design
Launch
 Functional test and
environmental test of each
component
 Integrated operation test of
BBM
 Fixed bugs found in BBM (fixes
bugs related to basic functions)
 Correction of mission sequence

システム定義
概念設計
Bread Board Model
基本設計
Engineering Model
詳細設計
Flight Model
打ち上げ
Testing of BBM
Testing of EM
Testing of FM
Phase A
Phase B
Phase C
Phase D
Phase E
Mission definition
System definition
Concept design
Basic design
Detailed design
Launch
 Qualification testing (QT)
required from the launch side
 Environmental testing of all
systems
 Operational tests under various
environments
 Bug fix of installed software
 Confirmation of mission
sequence

システム定義
概念設計
Bread Board Model
基本設計
Engineering Model
詳細設計
Flight Model
打ち上げ
Testing of BBM
Testing of EM
Testing of FM
Phase A
Phase B
Phase C
Phase D
Phase E
Mission definition
System definition
Concept design
Basic design
Detailed design
Launch
 Acceptance testing (AT) required
from the launch side
 Long-term operation test

Export
Launch!
Satellite in space
Data
downlink
Command
uplink
Outreach
Data analysis
Ground station
Deployed!
Development 65
What should we consider ?
 To have an Overall image of satellite design, development, operation.

 To have an Overall image of satellite design, development, operation.
 Satellite development works by confirming the operation of individual technologies,
equipment and the entire system with BBM, integration of the system, designing
the EM, making it with real mass / size, test if it is in the launch environment or
space environment. It is a process to confirm that it can withstand such
environment, design FM, fabricate it, finally check it and launch it.
 To Utilize the satellite, there are 4 phases.
1. Developing the satellite (satellite main body, place to design it and place to make
environment test)
2. Launching (launch vehicle, transportation to the launch site, installation on the
rocket, release of the satellite from the rocket in space)
3. Operation of the satellite (ground station communicating with the satellite, place
to save data downlinked from the satellite)
4. Utilization satellites (Distributing camera images and other data to the general
public and analyzing data for research etc.)
 Step 1: Imagine the all scenario from the start of development to the end of operation
and identify necessary requirements as MECE in these 4 phases.
 Step 2: Assemble, integrate and test (evaluate) the components that realize the all
requirements.

User Needs
Mission Requirement
System Requirement
Component Design
Component Maufacture
Component Assembly & Test
System Assembly & Test
System Validation
Validation Planning
Verification Planning
Clarification of mission
statement, requirement,
operation scenario
Clarification of
function & physical model
Clarification of
verification plan and
validation plan
 Verify at each level (component, subsystem) whether the required function works. This process of static
analysis carried out without executing code is called “verification.” When a system has been completed (or
is near completion), the operation of the system must be validated by executing the code, something that
is called “validation.” Verification and validation must be planned at the design stage.

 Clarify the requirement, verify that the requirements are met.
 For example, vibration environment at launch, vibration test and structural analysis
Vibration Experiment
Structural Analysis

 Clarify the requirement, verify that the requirements are met.
 For example, degree of vacuum on orbit, radiation test, thermal test
10
-9
10
-6
10
-3
1
10
3
10
5
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Pressure[Pa]
Altitude [km]
Thermal Testing
Radiation Testing
Start
Operation check
point @ Low
temperature
Operation check point
@ High temperature
Time [sec]
Thermal[℃]
Operation check point @ Low
temperature(END)
Operation check point @ High
temperature（END）
End
Battery box(+x)
Battery box(-x)
Center box(+x)
Storage mechanism
Outer panel

 Project management and System design management are also important.
 Scheduled meeting to confirm the progress of the development and the
understandings of the whole system of the satellite.
 The documentation such as meeting minute, progress reports, testing plan,
testing report to keep the schedule and to remember the reason of the
decision.
 Communication to develop the understandings of the importance of the
project management (not only project manager but also every member).

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MEMO

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MEMO

Introduction cltp10 20190817

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