Sculpture is the art of carving, casting, modeling, or assembling materials into three-dimensional forms. Sculptors throughout history have used various materials and techniques such as carving stone and wood, modeling clay, casting metal, and constructing sculptures from found objects. More recently, sculpture incorporates new materials like beeswax, chocolate, and Styrofoam, and new forms like kinetic sculptures that incorporate movement.

1. Three-Dimensional Art Sculpture Architecture Craft & Design 0

4. Venus of Willendorf, Paleolithic. 30,000 BCE

6. Palette of Narmer, Egyptian, c. 3000 BCE

7. Column of Trajan , Forum of Trajan, Rome, dedicated 112. 128 feet high

10. MICHELANGELO. The Cross-Legged Captive (c. 1530–1534). Marble. H: 7 ’ 6 1⁄2 ” .

11. Michelangelo. David , (1500) marble

14. LOUISE BOURGEOIS. Portrait of Robert (1969). Cast bronze with white patina. 13 ” x 12 1⁄2 ” x 10 ” .

16. Auguste Rodin. The Thinker , cast bronze

19. GEORGE SEGAL. Three Figures and Four Benches (1979). Painted bronze. 52 ” x 144 ” x 58 ” . Casting of Human Models

21. Joseph Cornell. Hotel Eden, (c. 1945) assemblage

22. Maya Lin. Vietnam Veterans Memorial, (1982) Washington, DC

25. POLYKLEITOS. Spear Bearer ( Doryphoros ) (c. 450–440 BCE). Roman copy after bronze Greek original. Marble. 6 ’ 6 ” The Weight-shift (Contrapposto) asymmetrical, naturalistic, relaxed stance.

26. Brancusi. The Kiss 1912

27. LOUISE BOURGEOIS. Eyes (1982). Marble. 74 3⁄4 ” x 54 ” x 45 3⁄4 ” .

29. BARBARA HEPWORTH (1903–1975). Two Figures (Menhirs) (1954–1955). Teak. H: 54 ” .

30. PO SHUN LEONG. Figure (1993). Mahogany with hidden drawers. H: 50 ” .

33. David Smith. Cubi XX (1964) welded stainlesss steel, UCLA

34. PABLO PICASSO. Mandolin and Clarinet (1913). Wood construction and paint.

35. DEBORAH BUTTERFIELD. Verde (1990). Found steel. 79 ” x 108 ” x 31 ”

36. CLAES OLDENBURG. Soft Toilet (1966). Vinyl filled with kapok painted with Liquitex, and wood. 57 x 27 x 28 ” .

38. Louise Nevelson. Royal Tide I , 1960, painted wood, 86 x 40 x 8 inches.

39. PABLO PICASSO. Bull’s Head (1943). Bronze cast of parts of a bicycle. H: 16 1⁄8 ” .

43. SIMON RODIA. Simon Rodia Towers in Watts (1921–1954). Cement with various objects. H: 98 ’ .

45. ALEXANDER CALDER. Untitled (1972). East Building mobile.

46. GEORGE RICKEY. Cluster of Four Cubes (1992). Stainless steel.

48. Dale Chihuly, Glass Art

50. Robert Smithson, Spiral Jetty , (1970) earthwork , Great Salt Lake, Utah

51. Christo and Jeanne-Claude. The Gates , Central Park, New York, NY 2005

52. Christo and Jeanne-Claude. The Umbrellas Japan and California

54. JANINE ANTONI. Chocolate Gnaw (1992). Chocolate (600 lb before biting), gnawed by the artist. 24 ” x 24 ” x 24 ”

55. DAVID GILHOOLY. Bowl of Chocolate Moose (1989). Ceramic. 10 ” x 6 ” x 7 ”

56. Claes Oldenburg: Clothespins, Baseball Bats, and Other Monuments 0

57. SYLVIE FLEURY. Dog Toy 3 (Crazy Bird) (2000). Styrofoam, paint. 260 cm x 210 cm x 180 cm.

58. Richard Serra, Sculptures, steel, Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain.