This document provides an overview of sculpture, including its definition, processes, materials, techniques and concerns. Sculpture is defined as the creation of three-dimensional forms by carving or modeling materials such as stone, wood, clay, metal and more. There are two main processes - subtractive, where material is cut away, and additive, where material is added to build up shapes. Key sculpting techniques include carving, modeling, casting and construction, while common concerns for sculptors are how pictorial, sculptural or built up a work is based on the medium and details.

1. Sculpture

2. Outline
• What is Sculpture?
• Sculptural Techniques
• Materials/ mediums use in
sculpture
• Characteristics of the Materials
• Sculptural Concerns

3. Sculpture
• Sculpture comes from Latin word
“Sculpere” – meaning to carve. It
refers to the creation of three-
dimensional figures, forms designs
from a single block mass of
materials.
• Sculpture may be the oldest of the
arts.

4. Sculpture
There are two major sculptural processes:
1.Subtractive- unwanted materials is
cut away
2.Additive- construction of a figure by
putting together.

5. Example of Subtractive
sculptural process.
Duane Hanson
Tourists, 1970

6. Calder
Example of Additive
sculptural process

7. Sculptural Techniques
Sculpture is created in four basic
ways:
• Carving
• Modeling
• Casting
• Construction

8. Sculpture
Carving
Subtractive
process:
material is
removed
Mainly wood and
stone (marble)

9. Sculpture
Modeling
Additive process: material is added to
build up a shape
Clay, wax, plaster, paper-mache

10. Sculpture
Casting: a mold is used to form molten
bronze(or other material) into a desired
shape.
http://www.verylgoodnight.com/casting3.html

11. Sculpture
Casting: “Lost wax” method or cire-
perdue, often used for jewelry or small
sculptures
http://library.thinkquest.org/23492/data/bronze.htm?
tqskip1=1&tqtime=0318

12. Sculpture
Construction:
Additive process; welding, gluing, nailing
materials together.

13. Sculpture
Assemblage: assembling found objects
in unique ways.
Joseph Cornell

14. Sculpture
Kinetic Sculpture: movable parts (wind)
Alexander Calder: the mobile

15. Characteristics of the
Materials use in Sculpture

16. Materials use in Sculpture
1. Stone- hard and durable, weather and fire
resistant, but is heavy and durable.
a) Basalt and Diorite (black and hard)
b) Marble (finely-grained, with crystalline
sparkle)
c) Granite- (tough, coarse-grained but
suitable for bold effects)
d) Limestone- (Softer)

17. Materials use in Sculpture
2. Wood- lighter, softer, and cheaper, and
easy to cut.
3. Terra Cotta- which means “ baked earth”
is made by firing clay, as
in pottery making.
4. Bronze- is solid and too expensive. The
difficult process of casting bronze
is one of its disadvantages.

18. Sculptural Concerns
• Pictorial Sculpture- the artist, like the painter,
is more concerned with details than anything
else.
• Sculpturesque Sculpture- the artist is more
concerned with the medium/materials used.
• Built- up- the artist is very much concerned
with the medium/materials used but also with
details.

19. KINDS OF
SCULPTURE

20. Sculpture
Relief: attached to a surface or a
background

21. Sculpture
Free-standing or full-round.
-free standing sculpture that can be seen from all
sides.

22. Sculpture
Kinetic and Mobiles
- are moving three- dimensional figures, best
example are those which are suspended on
air.

23. Sculpture
Tools: chisels armature