Software

1. SOFTWARE
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
• Systemsoftware consists of theprograms that controlor maintain the operations of the
computer and its devices
• Systemsoftwareserves as the interface between the user, the application software, and
the computer’s hardware
TYPES OF SYSTEM SOFTWARE
1. Operating System
2. Utility Program
OPERATING SYSTEM - An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing instructions
that work together to coordinateall the activities among computer hardwareresources
FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM
1. Start and shutdown a computer
• The process of starting or restarting a computer is called booting
• Cold boot - Turning on a computer that has been powered off completely
• Warm boot - Using the operating system to restarta computer
• A boot drive is the drivefrom which your computer starts
• You can boot froma boot disk
• A recovery disk contains a few system files that will startthe computer
• An operating systemincludes various shutdown options
• Sleep mode saves any open documents and programs to RAM, turns off all
unneeded functions, and then places the computer in a low-power state
• Hibernate saves any open documents and programs to a hard disk before
removing power from the computer
2. Providea user interface
• A user interface controls how you enter data and instructions and how
information is displayed on the screen
• With a graphical user interface (GUI), you interactwith menus and visual images
• With a command-line interface, a user uses the keyboard to enter data and
instructions
3. Manage programs
• Single user and multiuser
• Single tasking and multitasking
• Foreground and background
• Preemptive multitasking
• Multiprocessing
4. Manage memory
• Memory management optimizes the use of RAM
• Virtual memory is a portion of a storagemedium functioning as additional RAM
5. Coordinate tasks
• The operating systemdetermines the order in which tasks are processed

2. 6. Configure devices
• A driver is a small program that tells the operating system how to communicate
with a specific device
• Plug and Play automatically configures new devices as you install them
7. Establish an Internetconnection
• Operating systems typically providea means to establish Internetconnections
8. Monitor performance
• A performance monitor is a program that assesses and reports information about
various computer resources and devices
9. Provideutilities
• Operating systems often provide users with the capability of:
• Managing files
• Searching for files
• Viewing images
• Securing a computer
• Uninstalling programs
• Cleaning up disks
• Defragmenting disks
• Diagnosing problems
• Backing up files and disks
• Setting up screen savers
10. Automatically update
• Automatic update automatically provides updates to the program
11. Control a network
• Some operating systems aredesigned to work with a server on a network
• A server operating system organizes and coordinates how multiple users access
and shareresources on a network
• A network administrator uses the server operating system to:
• Add and remove users, computers, and other devices
• Installsoftwareand administer network security
12. Administer security
• Each user has a user account
• A user name, or user ID, identifies a specific user
• A password is a private combination of characters associated with the user
name
TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM
1. A stand-alone operating system is a complete operating system that works on a
desktop computer, notebook computer, or mobile computing device
2. ServerOperating System- a server operating system is an operating system that is
designed specifically to supporta network. A server operating system typically resides
on a server. The client computerson the network rely on the server(s) for resources.

3. 3. An embeddedoperating system resides on a ROM chip on a mobile device or
consumer electronic device. Popular embedded operating systems today include
Windows Embedded CE, Windows Mobile, Palm OS, iPhone OS, BlackBerry, Google
Android, embedded Linux, and Symbian OS.
UTILITY PROGRAM
A utility program is a type of systemsoftwarethat allows a user to perform maintenance-type
tasks
FUNCTTIONS OF UTILITY PROGRAM
1. FILEMANAGER
• A file manager is a utility that performs functions related to file management
– Displaying a list of files
– Organizing files in folders
– Copying, renaming, deleting, moving, and sorting files and folders
– Creating shortcuts
2. SEARCH UTILITY
• A searchutility is a programthat attempts to locate a file on your computer based on
criteria you specify
3. IMAGEVIEWER
• An image viewer allows users to display, copy, and print the contents of a graphics file
4. UNINSTALLER
• An uninstaller removes a program, as wellas any associated entries in the systemfiles
5. DISK CLEANUP
• A disk cleanup utility searches for and removes unnecessary files
• Downloaded program files
• Temporary Internet files
• Deleted files
• Unused program files
6. DISK DEFRAGMENTER
• A disk defragmenter reorganizes thefiles and unused space on a computer’s hard disk
so that the operating systemaccesses data morequickly and programs run faster
7. BACKUP AND RESTOREUTILITY
• A backup utility allows users to copy files to another storage medium
• A restore utility reverses theprocess and returns backed up files to their original form
8. SCREEN SAVER
• A screensaver causes a display device’s screen to show a moving image or blank screen
if no activity occurs for a specified time
9. PERSONAL FIREWALL

4. • A personal firewall detects and protects a personalcomputer from unauthorized
intrusions
10. ANTIVIRUS PROGRAM
• A virus describes a potentially damaging computer program that affects a computer
negatively
• A worm copies itself repeatedly in memory or over a network
• A Trojan horse hides within or looks like a legitimate program
• An antivirus program protects a computer againstviruses
11. SPYWAREAND ADWAREREMOVERS
• Spywareis a programplaced on a computer withoutthe user’s knowledgethat secretly
collects information about the user
• A spyware remover detects and deletes spywareand other similar programs
• Adwaredisplays an online advertisement in a banner or pop-up window
• An adwareremover is a program that detects and deletes adware
12. INTERNETFILTERS
• Filters are programs thatremove or block certain items from being displayed
• Web filtering software
• Anti-spamprograms
• Phishing filters
• Pop-up blockers
13. FILE COMPRESSION
• A file compressionutility shrinksthesizeof a file(s)
– Compressing files frees up room on the storagemedia
– Two types of compression
• Lossy
• Lossless
• Compressed files sometimes are called zippedfiles
– Can be uncompressed
14. MEDIA PLAYER
• A media player allows you to view images and animation, listen to audio, and watch
video files on your computer
15. DISK BURNING
• Disc burning software writes text, graphics, audio, and video files on a recordable or
rewritable optical disc
16. PERSONAL COMPUTER MAINTENANCE
• A personal computer maintenance utility identifies and fixes operating system
problems, detects and repairs disk problems, and includes the capability of improving a
computer’s performance
APPLICATION SOFTWARE

5. Applicationsoftware consistsof programs designed to make users moreproductiveand/or
assistwith personaltasks
USES OF APPLICATION SW
1. To makebusiness activities more efficient
2. To assistwith graphics and multimedia projects
3. To supporthome, personal, and educational tasks
4. To facilitate communications
FOUR CATEGORIES OF APPLICATION SOFTWARE
1. Business software
- is application softwarethat assists people in becoming more effective and efficient
while performing their daily business activities.
- Business softwareincludes programs such as wordprocessing, spreadsheet,
database, presentation, notetaking, personalinformation manager, business
softwarefor phones, business softwaresuites, projectmanagement, accounting,
document management, and enterprisecomputing software.
- Word processing software allows usersto create and manipulate documents
- Spreadsheet softwareallows users to organizedata in rows and columns and
performcalculations
o A function is a predefined formula that performs common calculations
- A database is a collection of data organized in a manner that allows access, retrieval,
and useof that data
o Database software allows users to create, access, and manage a database
- Presentationsoftware allows users to create visualaids for presentations to
communicate ideas, messages, and other information to a group
- Note taking software is application softwarethat enables users to enter typed text,
handwritten comments, drawings, or sketches anywhereon a page
2. Graphics and Multimedia
- In addition to business software, many people work with softwaredesigned specifically
for their field of work. Power users such as engineers, architects, desktop publishers,
and graphic artists often use sophisticated softwarethat allows them to work with
graphics and multimedia. This softwareincludes computer aided design, desktop
publishing, paint/image editing, photo editing, video and audio editing, multimedia
authoring, and Web page authoring.
• Computer-aided design (CAD) software
• Desktop publishing software (for the Professional)
• Paint/Imageediting software (for the Professional)
• Professionalphoto editing software (for the Professional)
• Video and audio editing software (for the Professional)
• Multimedia authoring software
• Web pageauthoring software helps users of all skill levels create Web pages that
include multimedia and interactive content
3. Home/Personal/Educational

6. - A large amount of application softwareis designed specifically for home, personal, and
educational use. Mostof the programs in this category are relatively inexpensive, often
priced less than $100 and sometimes free.
• SoftwareSuite (for Personal
Use)
• Personalfinance software
• Legal software
• Tax preparation software
• PersonalDTP software
• Personalpaint/image editing
software
• Personal photo editing software
(for Personal Use)
• Clip art/image gallery
• Video and audio editing
software (for Personal Use)
• Home design/landscaping
software
• Travel and mapping software
• Reference software
• Educational software
• Entertainment software
A Web application is a Web site that allows users to access and interact with softwarefrom
any computer or device that is connected to the Internet
4. Communications
One of the main reasons people use computers is to communicate and share
information with others. Some communications softwareis considered systemsoftware
because it works with hardwareand transmission media.
• Web Browser
• E-Mail
• InstantMessaging
• Chat Room
• Text, Picture, Video Messaging
• RSS Aggregator
• Blogging
• Newsgroup/MessageBoard
• FTP
• VoIP
• Video Conferencing
Learning Tools for ApplicationSoftware
• Online Help is the electronic equivalent of a user manual
• You can ask a question or access the Help topics in subjector alphabetical order
• Web-basedHelp provides updates and more comprehensiveresources to respond to
technical issues aboutsoftware
• Web-basedtraining is a type of CBT that uses Internettechnology and consists of
application softwareon the Web
• Distance learning (DL) is the delivery of education at one location while the learning
takes place at other locations
FORMS OF APPLICATION SOFTWARE
• Packagedsoftware is mass-produced, copyrighted retailsoftwarethat meets the needs of a
wide variety of users, notjusta single user or company. Packaged softwareis available in retail
stores or on the Web.

7. • Customsoftware performs functions specific to a business or industry. Sometimes a
company cannot find packaged softwarethat meets its unique requirements. In this case, the
company may use programmers to develop tailor-made custom software, which usually costs
more than packaged software.
• A Webapplication is a Web site that allows users to access and interact with softwarefrom
any computer or device that is connected to the Internet. Many Web sites providefree access
to their programs; somechargea fee. Types of Web applications include e-mail, word
processing, tax preparation, and game programs. Web applications are discussed in more
depth later in this chapter.
• Opensource software is softwareprovided for use, modification, and redistribution. This
softwarehas no restrictions fromthe copyrightholder regarding modification of the
software’s internalinstructions and its redistribution. Open sourcesoftwareusually can be
downloaded fromthe Internet, often at no cost.
• Shareware is copyrighted softwarethat is distributed at no costfor a trial period. To usea
sharewareprogrambeyond thatperiod, you send paymentto the program developer.
Sharewaredevelopers trustusers to send payment if softwareuseextends beyond the stated
trial period. In somecases, a scaled-down version of the softwareis distributed free, and
payment entitles the user to the fully functional product.
• Freeware is copyrighted softwareprovided atno costby an individualor a company that
retains all rights to the software. Thus, programmers typically cannotincorporate freewarein
applications they intend to sell. The word, free, in freeware indicates the softwarehas no
charge.
• Public-domainsoftware has been donated for public use and has no copyrightrestrictions.
Anyonecan copy or distribute public-domain softwareto others at no cost.
What is a MALWARE?
 Malware, shortfor malicious software, is a term used to refer to a variety of forms of
hostile or intrusivesoftware.
 A software/programthatis intended to damage or disable computers and computer
systems.
 Malwares are harmfulto the computer.
What does a malware do?
 These malicious programs can perform a variety of functions, including stealing,
encrypting or deleting sensitivedata, altering or hijacking core computing functions and
monitoring users'computer activity without their permission.
Common Types of Malware
 Malware includes computer viruses, worms,Trojans.
COMPUTER VIRUS
 Itattaches itself to files (“.exe” files) enabling it to spread from one computer to
another, leaving infections as it travels

8.  Itcan’t copy itself to other files unless you copy the file yourself
 Itloves to delete files from your computer
 Causes mildly annoying effects or can damage hardware, softwareor files
 Cannot infect your computer unless you run/open the malicious program
 A virus cannotspread without a human action
 Itchanges how a computer works
WORM
 Similar to computer virus by design
 Itcopies and replicates itself without your help
 Itdoesn't delete anything
 Itresides in computer memory
 Uses part of the OS that are automatic and usually invisible to the user
 Itslows down your computer
 Itmight carry a virus inside it and spread it
TROJAN
 Itlooks like a normalapplication
 Itcarries the virus insideit
 Itpasses pastthe antivirus and then virus comes out

5 Common Ways MalwareInfects your Computer
 Website Downloads
 Malicious Email Attachments
 Spammy Software, Apps and “add-ons”
 A Pre-existing infection (Malwareleads to more malware)
 Exploits and Vulnerabilities (Taking advantageof security flaws and out of date
software)
Symptoms of a malware infection
 Slowdown
 Pop-ups
 Crashes
 Suspicious hard driveactivity
 Running out of hard drivespace
 Unusually high network activity
 New browser homepage, new toolbars and/or unwanted website accessed withoutyour
input
 Unusualmessages or programs thatstart automatically
 Your security solution is disabled
 Your friends tell you that they’regetting strangemessages from you
How to Prevent Malwarefrom Infecting Your Computer?
 1. InstallAnti-Virus/MalwareSoftware.
 2. Keep Your Anti-Virus SoftwareUp to Date.
 3. Run Regularly Scheduled Scans with Your Anti-Virus Software.
 4. Keep Your Operating SystemCurrent.
 5. Secure Your Network.
 6. Think Before You Click.