1. Kuliah 4 Pengantar Teknologi Informasi
Oleh Coky Fauzi Alfi
cokyfauzialfi.wordpress.com
Software
2. Topics
• Why Learn About Software?
• Categories of Computer Software
• Define of Terms
• System Software
• Application Software
3. Why Learn About Software?
• Software is indispensable for any computer
system
• Systems software needed for input, calculations,
and output
• Application software aids in productivity
• Personal tasks using software
– Income tax preparation
– Keeping a budget
– Internet research
– Games
6. • Systems Software:
Programs that coordinate the
activities and functions of the
hardware and various other
programs.
• Application Software:
Programs that help users solve
particular computing problems.
8. System software works with end users,
application software and computer hardware
to handle the majority of technical details
like:
• where a program is stored;
• how commands are converted to get
processed;
• where a document or file is saved;
• how output is printed.
9. Types of System Software
System
Software
Operating Device
Utilities BIOS
Systems Drivers
10. Operating Systems (OS)
An operating system is a collection of programs
that manage computer resources (memory,
processing, storage, input & output devices),
provides a user interface, and runs applications.
The OS also monitors system performance,
schedules jobs, and provides some security for
the computer.
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12. Features of OS
• Booting: starting or restarting a computer
• ƒWarm boot: when the computer is already on
restart without turning off the power
• ƒCold boot: start after power has been off.
• ƒDesktop: the place to access computer
resources
• ƒFiles: used to store data and programs
• ƒFolders: related files are stored in folders. A
folder can contain other folders.
13. Categories of OS
1. Embedded Operating Systems:
– ƒUsed for handheld computers and
smaller devices like PDAs. It is called
embedded because entire OS is stored
within the device in its ROM memory.
– ƒExamples include Windows CE, iOS,
Android and Palm OS
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16. Categories of OS
2. Network Operating Systems (aka NOS):
– ƒUsed to control and coordinate
computers that are linked together. NOS
are typically located on one computer’s
hard disk in the network, the Network
Server that coordinates all communication.
– ƒExamples include Novell NetWare,
Windows NT Server, and UNIX.
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20. Categories of OS
3. Stand alone OS (aka desktop OS):
– ƒControl a single desktop or notebook
computer.
– ƒIf the computer is connected on a
network, it may have a client operating
system that works with NOS to share
resources.
– ƒExamples of stand alone systems include
Windows, Mac OS, and some versions of
UNIX.
23. WINDOWS
• ƒMicrosoft Windows is by far the most popular
microcomputer operating system with over 80%
of the market designed to run with Intel and
Intel-compatible microprocessors like Pentium
IV.
• ƒThere are a variety of versions of Windows such
as Windows NT Workstation, Windows 2000
Professional, Windows ME, etc.
• ƒWindows XP is the latest version of Windows
which puts emphasis on functions over programs
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26. MAC OS
• ƒIntroduced in 1984, it provided one of the first
GUIs.
• ƒIt is designed to run on Macintosh computers.
• ƒHas a much smaller market share, but is still
popular with professional graphic designers, desktop
publishers, and some home users.
• ƒOne of the latest versions is Mac OS X featuring a
intuitive user interface called Aqua. The desktop
features Dock, a tool for visually organizing files. It
also has the Sherlock search tool to help locate
information on the web & system.
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29. UNIX and Linux
• Unix OS was originally designed to run on
networked minicomputers.
• Now, it’s used by powerful microcomputers and
by servers on the Web.
• ƒLinux is one of the many versions of UNIX.
• Linux is open source, created by Linus Torvalds in
1991.
• ƒLinux is one of the most popular and powerful
alternatives to Windows.
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32. Others Fact of OS
• ƒMost OS are Proprietary OS:
they are owned and licensed by a
corporation. Examples are Windows and
MAC OS.
• Some OS are Non-Proprietary OS:
they are not owned by any one
corporation. These are also called Open
Source programs. An example is Linux.
33. Utilities
Utilities are specialized programs that make
computing easier. Some of the most essential
utilities include:
• ƒTroubleshooting or diagnostic programs:
recognize and correct problems before they
become serious
• ƒAntivirus programs: guard your computer
against viruses and other damaging programs
that can invade your computer system
34. Utilities
• ƒUninstall programs: allow you to safely and
completely remove un-needed programs and
related files from your hard disk
• ƒBackup programs: make copies of important
files in case the original are lost or damaged.
• ƒFile compression programs: reduce the size
of files so they can be stored and/or sent over
a network more efficiently.
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36. Device Drivers
A Device Driver or simply a driver are specialized
programs that allow devices such as mouse or
keyboard to work with the rest of the system.
Device driver works with the operating system
to allow communications between the device
and the rest of the computer system.
37. BIOS
The basic input/output system (BIOS), also
known as the System BIOS or ROM BIOS
(pronounced /ˈ baɪ.oʊs/), is a de facto standard
defining a firmware interface.
When the PC starts up, the first job for the BIOS
is to initialize and identify system devices. BIOS
software is stored on a non-volatile ROM chip
on the motherboard.
40. Applications are software programs that
perform specific tasks for us. You have probably
used many different types of applications. Here
are some common ones:
• Activity management programs like calendars
and address books
• Word processing applications for creating
documents that are attractively formatted
• Spreadsheet applications for creating
documents to manage and organize numerical
data
41. • Presentation applications for making slide
shows
• Graphics applications for creating pictures
• Database applications for developing
databases that can organize and retrieve large
amounts of information
• Communications programs like e-mail and
faxing software for sending and receiving
messages
• Multimedia applications for creating video
and music
