in this slides, we learn what is operating system and utility program. how to make a window in computer trough USB and DVD/CD. We also learn all type of virus.

1. System Administration
Muhammad Umar
Muhammad Adnan
Abdul Muteeb
Muhammad Mudasser
Bilal Ahmad 3029
Hanzala Ashraf
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2. Principles and Learning Objectives
 Definition of system administrator.
 Software and Their Types.
 We Discuss operating System, function and their importance.
 What is utility programmers.
 How we Make USB Boot.
 How We install Window in Computer.
 Window Features.
 Difference between Virus and Anti virus.
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3. What is system Administrator?
A SYSTEM ADMINISTRATOR, OR SYS
ADMIN, IS A PERSON WHO IS
RESPONSIBLE FOR THE UPKEEP,
CONFIGURATION, AND RELIABLE
OPERATION OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS;
ESPECIALLY MULTI-USER COMPUTERS,
SUCH AS SERVERS
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4. Software and their Types:
 What is Software
 The term Software refers to a set of Computer programs,
procedures and associated documents describing the
programs , and how they are to be used .
 Software Classified in Two Types.
1. System Software .
2. Application Software.
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5. Difference Between System and
Application Software
System Software:
Systems software includes
the programs that are dedicated to
managing the computer itself, such as
the operating system, file management
utilities, and disk operating system (or
DOS).
Application Software:
Application software is a program or
group of programs designed for end
users.
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6. Check this image.

7. What is Operating System?
 An operating system (OS)
is system software that manages
computer hardware and software
resources and provides common services
for computer programs. All computer
programs, excluding firmware, require
an operating system to function.

8. Most popular Operating System
 The most popular operating system
today is Microsoft's Windows operating
system. Macintosh computers have their
own operating system, the most recent
of which is called Mac OS X. There are
also open source operating systems such
as Linux.

9. History of Macintosh
Computer.
 The Macintosh (/ MAK-in-tosh), or Mac, is a series of
personal computers (PCs) designed, developed, and
marketed by Apple Inc. Steve Jobs introduced the
original Macintosh computer on January 24, 1984. This
was the first mass-market personal computer featuring an
integral graphical user interface and mouse.
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10. Windows and Mac are GUI’s
 Microsoft Windows and Apple Macintosh operating systems are
“graphical user interfaces” or GUI’s.
 GUI is defined as: A picture used in place of a word or words to issue
commands
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11. GUI – Standards
 GUI interfaces have standards that are usually the same or similar in
all systems and applications.
 Standards apply to:
• Pointers and pointing devices
• Icons, desktops, windows and me

12. What does Operating System
do?
 Operating System is the set of programs that
controls a computer.
 It provide a pleasant and effective interface
between the user and the hardware.
 Makes the computer more convenient to use

14. Types of Operating System?
 Real-time operating system(RTOS) –Real-time operating systems are used to control
machinery, scientific instruments and industrial systems.
 Single-user, single task : As the name implies, this operating system is designed to
manage the computer so that one user can effectively do one thing at a time.
 Single-user, multi-tasking : This is the type of operating system most people use on
their desktop and laptop computers today.
 Multi-user : A multi-user operating system allows many different users to take
advantage of the computer's resources simultaneously.
 Distributed: A distributed operating system manages a group of independent
computers and makes them appear to be a single computer.
 Embedded: Embedded operating systems are designed to be used in embedded
computer systems. They are designed to operate on small machines like PDAs with less
autonomy.

15. Features of Good Operating System
 efficient
time spent to execute its programs
should be short
 small in size
memory occupied should be as small as possible
 reliable
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16. Functions of Operating System
 Process Management.
 Resource Management.
 File Management.
 Communication Management.
 Security Management.
 Memory Management.
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17. Process Management
 All process from start to shut down.
 Booting
 Open
 Save
 Install
 Copy
 Print
 Send, etc. CoderCompany.com

18. Resource Management
 Installing drivers required for input, output, memory, power,
communication devices.
 Coordinating among peripherals
File Management
 Name.
 Folders.
 Location.
 Attributes – size, type, modified, protection, password etc.
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19. Communication Management.
 User – Application S/W – Hardware.
 One computer to other computer in LAN/WAN.
 Command interpretation.
 Downloading-Uploading.

20. Memory Management
 The different types of memory in the system must be used properly so
that each process can run most effectively.

21. Cache Memory
 •Cache - A section of a computer's memory which temporarily retains
recently accessed data in order to speed up repeated access to the same
data.
 It provides rapid access without having to wait for systems to load.

22. RAM Memory
 Random access memory (RAM) is the best known form of computer
memory.
 • RAM is considered "random access" because you can access any
memory cell directly if you know the row and column that intersect at
that cell.
 A ROM chip is non-volatile storage and does not require a constant
source of power to retain information stored on it. When power is lost
or turned off, a ROM chip will keep the information stored on it. In
contrast, a RAM chip is volatile and requires a constant source of
power to retain information.
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23. Security Management
 Virus management.
 Alert messages.
 Dialogue boxes.
 Firewall.
 Passwords./ Access protection.

24. Functionalities
 Protects file and documents of the users.
 Protect the computer system from
unauthorized user.
 Provision of operate computer system by
only authorized users.
 Extended the security level of users account
i.e. either it is administration or guest
account.
 Disallow the unauthorized users to use the
resources and data of the computer and also
to share that resources.

25. Function of Operating System:
Boot Device:
A boot device is any piece of hardware that can read or contains the files required for a
computer to start.
Boot Disk:
A boot disk is a removable digital data storage medium from which a computer can load
and run (boot) an operating system or utility program.
 Recovery Disk:
A recovery disk contains a few system files that will start the computer

26. Utility programmers
 A utility program, also called a utility, is a
type of system software that allows a user to
perform maintenance-type tasks, usually
related to managing a computer, its devices,
or its programs.
 Utility programs are built-in to many
operating systems or can be purchased
separately.

27. Utility programmers
 Functions provided include: managing files,
searching for files, viewing images, uninstalling
programs, cleaning up disks, defragmenting
disks, backing up files and disks, setting up
screen savers, securing a computer, etc.

28. Types of Utility Programs
 There are many types of utility programs
1. File Manager
2. Image Viewer
3. Search Utility
4. Personal Firewall
5. Antivirus
6. Disk Defragmenter
7. Screen Saver
8. Backup and restore utilities
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29. File Manager
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30. What is File Manager?
 A file manager or file browser is a computer program that provides a user
interface to manage files and folders.
 Examples:
 Window Explorer
 Web browser are also has the feature of file managing. e.g. Internet
Explore.
 File Commander.
 Some file managers provide network connectivity via protocols, such as
FTP, NFS……etc.
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31. Uses/Purposes
 The most common operations performed on files or groups of files
include:
 Creating
 Opening (e.g. viewing, playing, editing or printing)
 Renaming
 Moving or copying
 Deleting and searching for files
 Modifying file attributes
 Properties and file permissions ……….etc
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32. Image Viewer
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33. What is Image viewer?
 An image viewer or image browser is a computer program that can display stored
graphical images; it can often handle various graphics file formats.
Example:
 such as Photoshop or the GIMP or the StylePix
 Windows Photo viewer.
 Windows Picture and Fax Viewer in Windows XP
 ACDSee, FastPictureViewer, FastStone Image Viewer, Imagine, IrfanView, Media Pro 1,
pViewer, XnView

34. Features:
Typical features of image viewers are:
 basic viewing operations such as zooming and rotation
 full screen display
 slideshow
 thumbnail display
 printing
 screen capture
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35. Advanced features are:
 decode next image in advance and keep previous decoded image in
memory for fast image changes
 display (and edit) metadata such as XMP, IPTC Information
Interchange Model and Exif
 batch conversion (image format, image dimensions, etc.) and
renaming
 create contact sheets
 create HTML thumbnail pages
 different transition effects for slideshows
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36. Search Utility
 Introduction:
A couple of years back there were
no contenders for this title. Today we have a
wealth of choices. Wasting time looking for a
file is a huge aggravation. Here are several
tools to keep you from falling into that trap.

37. Definition
 Any utility that is used locally to help find specific data on either the
desktop or on an on-premise server. In other words, Internet search
utilities are not included, but everything else is fair game.

38. Search Utility
 A search utility is a program that attempts to locate a file on your
computer based on criteria you specify.
 The criteria may include a word or words contained in a file, date of
creation or modification, size of the file, location, file name, author, and
other properties.
 Search utilities typically use an index, which stores a variety of
information about the file, including its name, date created and
modified, and author to quickly locate the file.
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39. Search Utility
 In Windows, Explorer and the Start Menu contain a search box where you enter the
search criteria.

40. Disk Burning
Disc burning software is used to write text, graphics,
audio and video files on a recordable or rewriteable
CD(Compact Disc) and DVD(Digital Versatile Disc).It
allows the user to backup data on optical disc.
Ways to burn a CD/DVD
 Windows Default disc burning
 By using desired software
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41. Default burning
 By using default utility

43. By using “DVD Flick”
 http://www.dvdflick.net/download.php(For Download)

44. Steps for Disk burning using “DVD
Flick”
1. Insert CD/DVD
2. Add title(add file you want to burn)
3. Menu Settings(to Insert a menu view)
4. Project setting(to give a title)
5. Burning(check the boxes ISO image, Burn project, disc label(write title name), Eject
when done).

45. File compression
 File Compression is used to shrink the file size. It is easier and faster to
send files over the internet.
Ways of File Compression
 Default (Built-in).
 Using desired software(Winrar).

46. Default Compression
1. Right click on folder that you want to compress then click on
properties.
2. Click on Send TO.
3. Check or click “Compression contents to save the disk space”.
4. Check the folder’s properties that you have compressed.

47. WinRAR
 This is popular file compression software
 We can upload folds and more than one files using WinRAR
 It is also used to secure the files from viruses.
 It can highly compress the files .
 Download link for WinRAR
http://www.win-
rar.com/predownload.html?&f=wrar511.exe&spV=true&subD=true&L=0

48. Make Bootable USB
This process By using UltraISO
Steps For Installing and Making Win Boot
1. First You have to download Widows ISO file from any platform you like.
2. Downlaod Forms for windows ISO.
* https://www.microsoft.com/
* http://webforpc.com/
*http://windows-8.en.malavida.com/
3. Download PowerISO/UltraISO/Rufus software to Make bootable Windows.
4. After downloading Install any of the Software You downloaded.
5. Now open your installed software.

49. Installation Process

50. 7. Now Open Program You installed on your Pc

51. 8. Now go to Tools And select Create Bootable
USB drive Mentioned in Picture Below

52. 9. Now select ISO file You
downloaded in your PC

53. 11. Now Hit Start button As mentioned in
Screenshot Below

54. Windows 7 Installation
CPU’s requirements for installation of win 7
Minimum hardware that you need to have on your computer and should
be checked in advance of installing.
 1 GHz CPU with 32 bits or 64 bits.
 1 GB Ram for 32 bits or 2 GB Ram for 64 bits.
 16 GB empty space hard disk for 32 bits or 20 GB for 64 bits.
 DVD drive (if installing from a DVD).
 Steps for windows 7 Installation
1. Turn your computer on then press Del or F2 (depend on your computer’s
mainboard) to enter the system BIOS.
2. choose Boot From CD/DVD.

55. 3. Insert Windows 7 DVD into your DVD drive then start
up your computer, Windows 7 will be loading files.
4. Select these parts: Language to Install, Time and
currency format, Keyboard or input method. Then
click Next.
5. Choose Install Now if you want to install Windows 7.
6. Click 'I accept the license terms' in 'Please read the
license' then click Next.
7. Custom (advance)' if you want to install a new
version of Windows.
8. Choose Partition for installation.
9. Wait for Installing Windows to progress.

56. Computer Virus
Definition:
 “A virus is a program that copy itself without the permission and knowledge of the user”.
 “Virus + computer=Death”.

57. Characteristics
Ability to replicated itself
Ability to attached itself to another computer file
Slow down the response time
Extensive pop-up-ads.
Damage the computer hard drive

58. Differentiate virus and Worm
Some people distinguish between
general viruses and worms. A worm is a
special type of virus that can replicate
itself and use memory, but cannot attach
itself to other programs.
Worm is too dangerous than virus

59. Types of Computer Viruses
 Boot Sector Virus
 Browser Hijacker
 File Infector Virus
 Macro Virus
 Multipartite Virus
 Polymorphic Virus
 Resident Virus
 Web Scripting Virus
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60. Viruses
Corrupt
data
Show
massages
Disable
Hardware
Corrupt
window
Slowdown
computer
Delete
Data files
Working Of
Virus
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61. History of virus
 1949, scientist of Mathematics JOHAN VON NEUMANN proposed the idea of self
replicated program which he describe the acting motion of virus in a real world.
 1960,A group of programmer developed a game called core ware which produced a
copy itself as well as the games Is run.
 1980, Microsoft developed MS-DOS ,A fast OS on the planet . After this virus become
more thick and fast.
 1986 major mile stone world protrusion called pc-writ.it is also called Trojan Hoarse.
 1988,a virus called MORRIS work for MS-DOS

62.  1999, A famous MELISSA virus W97M/Melissa executed a macro with an attachment file
from an email. This is turn forward into the 50people.Now they used internet
 2000,I love you virus developed .its function like Melissa but it is too power full than
Melissa .it would delete the media files like MP3 Images Videos etc.
 2001 core red 1&2 Virus developed. Sven hundred thousand machine infected from this
and 2 billion dollar of the damage.
 2003, SQL Slammer virus developed .from this internet become very slow all over the
world.6 moths later MICROSOFT released a Fix For the BUG called slammer.
 2007, A virus developed called STORM WORM.it connect computer to the BOT-NET.
 2016, Different virus MALWARE, ADWAER, SPYWARE which steel information today from
the computer alover the world

63. ANTIVIRUS
Definition:
 Antivirus is a software which is used to preventing a computer system from
virus by detecting and removing it.
 Antivirus are special program that detect and remove virus from computer
system.

64. Virus Scanning Process
 .
Antivirus
Scene system
Virus not found
Virus found/ detected
Show message
Remove virus
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65. List of Antivirus
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