Presentation on the topic of operating system and types discussed in detail

1. INFORMATION
AND
TECHNOLOGY
ASSIGNMENT
SUBMITTED
TO:
MISS SAMMAR
University of
Sargodha

2. Group members:
• Kainat Saleem (Roll no:32)
• Hajra Shehzad(Roll no :38)
• Romana Ehsan(Roll no :31)
• Afshan kosar(Roll no:29)
• Munazza Rehman (Roll no :28)
• Iqra Ehsan(Roll no:27)
BS-BOTANY SS-1 3rd Semester

4. System Software
What is system software?
• Set of instructions that control and
maintain computer programs and
devices is called system software.
What are two types of system
software?
1. Operating system
2. Utility programs

5. • Set of programs that contains instructions that coordinate all
the activities among computer hardware resources.
• Sometimes also known as platform .
Where does OS exist?
• It may be installed and resides on
Computer hard disk.
• In handled computers and mobile
• Devices, OS resides on ROM chip

6. Limitations of Operating system:
• Each computer has its own operating
system.
• Application software is specific for a specific
operating system of device /computer.
• Cross-plateform is a program which run the
same on multiple Operating systems.

8. Functions of OS:
• Starts the computer
• Provides a user interface
• Manage programs and memory
• Shedule jobs
• Configure devices
• Establish internet connection
• Monitor performance
• Provides file management utilities

9. 1. Starting a computer:
• Boosting is process of starting and restarting a
computer.
• Cold boost is process of turning on a powered
off computer.
• Warm boost is a process of restarting a
computer.
2.Managing memory:
• Operating system allocates or assigns the data and instructions to specific area of
memory while they are being processed by the processor.
• OS carefully monitor contents of memory and release them from being monitored
into memory when processor no more needs them.
• Manage virtual memory .

10. 3.Providing a user interface :
• User interface controls how data and instructions are entered in the
computer and how information is displayed on the computer.
Types of user interface:
• COMMAND –LINE-INTERFACE
In this ,user types command or press ss special keys on keyboard to
enter data and instructions.
• GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE:
In this,use with menus and visual images Such as buttons and other
graphical objects to give commands to computer.

12. 4.Manage programs:
• Some operating systems allow ning programs are called user and run
one program at a time. PDAs ,smart phones have mostly such type of
OS.
• Others allow multiple users to run multiple programms at a time on the
computer screen.Windows have mostly such types of OS.
• Runing programs one the front of all other running programs is called
foreground program.
• All others (mostly partially hiddened) ,on the back of foreground
program are called background programs.

14. 5.Managing jobs:
• Operating system shedules operations(jobs) of computer in a specific
sequence.
• Some OS shedule jobs on the basis of first come-first served.
• Others give priority to most important jobs first.
For example:
• When multiple commands are given to a printer,it keeps these instructions
in buffer(memory ) in a queue and give out prints at its own speed in a
proper sequence,process is called Spooling.

16. 6.Configuring devices:
• Driver is a program which tells operating system how to communicate
with a specific device.For using any device ,its own driver is necessary
to install on operating system.
• In modern devices,many operating systems support Plug and play,
means OS automatically configure devices.
7.Establishing internet connection:
• Operting system helps in establishing internet connection by guiding a
user through the process of making connection between computer and
internet service provider.
• Some OS also include web browser and e-mail program.

17. 8.Monitoring performance:
• Operating system monitors computer performance by using performance
monitor.
• Performance monitor is a program that assess and report information about
various computer resources and devices.
9.Controlling network:
• A network operating system is a set of programs separate from operating
system which organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share
resources on a network.
• Network administrator uses network OS to add and remove users, computers
and devices to and from the network.

18. 10.Administering security:
• Network administrator uses network
OS to establish permission to
resources.
• Network administrator establishes a
user account , usually combination of
two characters; user ID and password
which allows a user to accesss or log on
to the computer or network.

20. • A utility program also called a
utility is a type of system
software that performs
maintenance type tasks for a
computer, it’s devices and it’s
programs.

21. Utilities built in operating system performs
following functions:
1.File management:
File management utility performs functions
related to file management.
2.Search utility:
This program attempts to locate a file on our
computer based on criteria we specify.
3.Image viewer:
• It allows a user to view ,copy and print the
contents of graphics file.

22. 4.Personal Firewall:
• It detects and protects the personal
computer from unauthorized intrusions.
5.Uninstaller:
• It deletes or remove a program as well as
other associated entries in the system files.
6.Disk scanner:
• It searches for and deletes unnecessary files.
7.Disk Defragment:
• It reorganizes the files and unused
computer’s hard disk so that the OS access
data more quickly and programs run faster.

23. 8. Diagnostic utility:
• It compiles technical information about our computer’s hardware and
certain system softw external hard disk, programs and prepared a list of
identified problems.
9. Backup utility:
• It allows user to copy or backup selected files or entire hard disk to
another storage medium such as CD/DVD, external hard disk, tape or
USB flash drive.

24. 10. Screensaver utility:
• This utility program causes display device ‘s screen to show a moving
image or a blank screen if keyboard or mouse activity doesn’t occur for a
specified time.
• Screen savers are usually
developed to prevent a
Problem Known as ghosting.

26. Stand –Alone operating system:
• It is a complete operating system that can work on desktop
computer, notebook computer and mobile computing devices.
• Also known as client operating system.
Examples:
1. Windows XP
2. Windows Vista
3. Mac OS X
4. UNIX
5. Linux

27. 1. Windows XP:
Developed in: 1980s
Charcteristics:
• Provides Graphical user interface
(GUI)
2.Windows Vista:
• Successor to windows XP, most
reliable, effective and efficient OS

28. Mac OS X:
• Muti-tasking operating system
• Released with Macintosh computers in
1984
• Available only for computers
manufatured by the Apple
UNIX:
• Multi-tasking operating system
• Some versions have command-line user
interface
• Mostly offers GUI
• Most powerful and flexible OS

29. 5. Linux:
• Linux includes many free
programming languages and
utility programmes
• It is open source software
• Some versions are command –
line-interface,others are GUI.
• Some users download it free from
web
• Others Purchase it from vendors

30. Network operating system:
• This operating system is specifically designed to support a network.
• It typically resides on server.
• Support all sizes of network
Examples:
1. Windows server 2003
2. UNIX
3. Linux
4. Solaris
5. Nerware

31. Embedded operating system:
• It is an operating system designed to perform a dedicated function Or for
use with the specific embedded application software.
• Resides on ROM chip
Examples:
1. Windows CE
2. Windows mobile
3. BlackBerry
4. Palm Linux
5. Symbian OS

32. Stand-Alone utility programmes:
These are utility programmes which are not built in
the operating system and exist separately.

33. Anti-virus program:
• An anti-virus program protects a computer from viruses by identifying
and removing any computer viruses (computer demanding programs).
• Most famous anti-virus programs:

34. Spyware removers:
It is a program that detects and deletes spayware, adware and similar
programs.

35. File Compression:
• A file Compression utility shrinks the size of files.
• Compressed files are sometimes called zipped .

36. File Conversion:
File Conversion utility program converts contents and data of a file from
one format to other.

37. Media Player:
It is a program that allows you to view images nd animation listen to
audio and watch video files from the computer.

38. CD/DVD Burning:
CD/DVD burning software that writes text, graphics, audio and video
files on a recordable and rewriteable CD or DVD including Blu-ray and
HD DVD.