1. COM 311 – AGRO-INFORMATICS (1 + 1)
LECTURE 2 – Computer Software – Operating System
Prepared by
Mr. B. Venujayakanth, M.Sc (Agri.) NET.,
Assistant Professor
(Agricultural Statistics)
2. BASIC TERMINOLOGY
• Software – It is set of one or more program.
• Program – It is a set of instructions arranged in a
sequence to guide a computer to find solution for the
given problem.
• Instructions – A set of syntax, statements, procedure
that is understandable by human but not computer.
• Programming Language – language which is acceptable
by computer but not understand.
• Source Code – Code understand by human.
• Object Code – Code understand by computer.
3. INTRODUCTION
• Computer system consist of two parts Hardware and
software.
• Computer hardware refers to physical components of a
system which performs all the computation and
calculation work.
E.g.: input, output, storage, processing,
• Computer software refers to set of computer programs,
procedures and associated documents.
• It instructs the hardware what to do and how to do
4. CLASSIFICATION OF SOFTWARE
Software is classified into system software and application
software
System software: it is set of one or more programs, designed
to operate computer hardware and to provide and maintain
a platform for running application software.
Application software: it is set of one or more programs,
designed for users to solve particular problem.
5. TYPES OF SYSTEM SOFTWARE
Operating system – MS-DOS, Microsoft Windows, Linux,
Unix etc.
Programming Language Translators – Complier,
Interpreter, Assembler etc.
Computer BIOS and Device Drivers
Utility Software – Data Formatting, Data compression,
Data Backup, Antivirus
6. TYPES OF APPLICATION SOFTWARE
• Word processing software – MS word
• Presentation software – MS power point
• Spreadsheet software – MS excel
• Database software – MS access, File maker, DB2, SQL
Server and Oracle etc.
Presentation software and Multimedia Software
• Graphical software – CAD, Animation Software,
• Education software and Entertainment software – Games.
7. User
Application Software
System Software
Computer Hardware
User normally interact with the system via the user interfaces
provided by the application software
Relationship among Hardware, Software (System and Application )
8. Application software
• It solve users task/problem
• It is machine independent
• It interacts with the hardware
indirectly through system
calls provided by system
software
System software
• It controls and manages the
hardware
• It is machine dependent
• It interacts with the
hardware directly
Difference Between System Software and Application Software
9. UTILITY SOFTWARE
• The software which is used for system maintenance task are
come under utility software
• Utility software come under system software
Example:
Disk formatting software
Data compression software
Data backup software
Antivirus software
10. FIRMWARE
• Software embedded in hardware permanently or semi-
permanently.
• It is the software substituted for hardware
• It is stored in the ROM Chip.
• It is done by manufactures
• Generally system software is supplied as firmware
Example: BIOS – a system boot program, Program in
Microwave oven, Washing machine etc.
11. LIVEWARE
• It is term used in the computer industry to describe the
human system.
• The people who are using the computers.
• The programmers, systems analysts, operating staff other
person who are attached with the computer.
12. FREEWARE
• It is a copyrighted software that is available at free of
cost for unlimited usage.
• In this type of software source code is not available.
• This software cannot be modified as per user needs.
Example: Internet browser: oft security essentialsMozilla
Firefox, Google chrome
PDF file Adobe reader, Skype
Anti-Virus Software: AVG Anti-virus, Micros
Statistical Software – R
13. OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE
• Software in which source code is freely distributed with a
license to study, change, and enhance it.
• It is generally available at free of cost.
• Not all open source software is necessarily free
Example: Linux , Android etc.
14. SHAREWARE
• The software which is available at free of cost for specific
period of time or only at trial period.
• A user can use this software only for specific period or
access only specific function or features.
• After a trial period a user have to purchase to access further
features of the software.
Example: WinZip – File compression software
SPSS – Statistical Software
15. COMMERICIAL SOFTWARE
• It is software that is designed and developed for licensing or
sale to end user for commercial purpose.
• These software may be free or open source or proprietary
software
Example: MS office
16. PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE
• A software which is owned by an individual or by a
company.
• A user have to pay to use this software
• Source code is kept secret
• It is also known as closed source software
Example: MS office, MS Windows, Adobe Photoshop, Adobe
flash player etc.
17. SEMI-FREE SOFTWARE
• The software which is not free, but comes with the
permissions for individual to use, copy, distribute and
modify for non-profit purpose.
Example: PGP software
18. PUBLIC DOMAIN SOFTWARE
• Software which is available at free or nominal cost from
bulletin boards or user group libraries on the internet.
• It can be shareware or freeware or open source.
• It is also known as community support software because
the author do not support the product directly and user of
the software support and help each other.
19. OPERATING SYSTEM or OS
• It is an integrated set of programs that controls resources
(CPU, Memory, I/O devices etc.) of a computer system.
Two main objective of OS are
1. To make a computer easier to use
2. To manage the resources of a computer system
20. MAIN FUNCTION OF OPERATING SYSTEM
1. Process management
2. Memory management
3. File Management
4. Device Management
5. Security
6. Command Interpretation
21. INTERFACE
• A platform which helps the user to operate the Operating
System
There are two types of Interface – CLI and GUI
• Command Line Interface – CLI – In which a user
want to give set of commands in textural form to operate
the OS.
• It is convenient interface for programmers
Example: MS DOS – Microsoft Disk operating system
22. • Graphical User Interface – GUI – With the help of
point and draw devices and Graphical Icons user operate
the OS.
• It is convenient interface for general public.
Example: Microsoft windows
