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1. َْ‫ال‬َ‫و‬ ،ِ‫م‬‫ي‬ِ‫ح‬َّ‫الر‬ ِ‫ن‬ٰ‫ـ‬َْ‫ْح‬َّ‫الر‬ ِ‫هللا‬ ِ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ب‬َّ‫الس‬َ‫و‬ ُ‫ة‬ َ‫َل‬َّ‫الص‬َ‫و‬ ،ِ
‫ه‬
ِ‫لِل‬ ُ‫د‬ْ‫م‬‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫م‬ َ‫َل‬
‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫هللا‬ ِ‫ل‬ْ‫و‬ُ‫س‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ه‬ِ‫آل‬،ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫أص‬َ‫و‬ُ‫د‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ـ‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫َم‬‫أ‬:
The 22nd Lesson
َ‫و‬ ِ‫َّاِن‬‫ث‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫س‬ْ‫َّر‬‫الد‬ََْ‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ِْْ‫ع‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
Week 5  Module 5
 Brothers and sisters, we welcome you to our 22nd session of FOUNDATION 1
 In this presentation we want to continue discussing the different types of phrases
in the Arabic language
 From the three (3) types of phrases mentioned in the previous session, we
discussed ( ‫كب‬‫املر‬ْ‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ش‬ِ‫إل‬‫ا‬ ) - The Demonstrative Phrase. In-shaa’ Allaah, today we will
discuss ( ‫كب‬‫املر‬‫الوصفي‬/‫التوصيفي‬ ) – The Descriptive Phrase or the Adjectival Phrase.
 We would NOT deal with anything from ‘The Introduction’ today because the tme
would not allow that.

2. The Phrase or Incomplete Sentence – ‫مفيدة‬ ‫غري‬ ‫مجلة‬–‫الناقص‬ ‫كب‬‫املر‬
1. ( ‫كب‬‫املر‬‫الوصفي‬/‫التوصيفي‬ ) – The Descriptive Phrase – or the Adjectival phrase
 This type of phrase is one where one word describes another.
 The describing word is called sifah ( ُ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬ِ
‫ه‬‫الص‬) or n`at (‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ـ‬‫ن‬) - the adjective.
 The object being described is called mawsoof ( ُ‫وف‬ُ‫ص‬ْ‫و‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬) or man`oot (‫وت‬ُ‫ع‬ْ‫ـ‬‫ن‬َ‫م‬)
Notes:
a) In the English language the adjective (description) comes before the noun e.g. , “good boy” or
“lazy student" etc. In Arabic, the adjective comes after the noun, e.g. ‫د‬َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬‫د‬ِ‫ه‬‫ي‬َ‫ج‬ or ‫ب‬ِ‫ال‬َ‫ط‬َُ‫َل‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ك‬
if translated literally it reads “boy good” or “student lazy”
b) The adjectives expressing feelings, that end with “alif and noon” ( ‫ـ‬َ‫ـا‬) do not normally carry
tanween on their last letters e.g.: َُ‫ا‬َْْ‫ط‬َ‫ع‬ – thirsty; َُ‫ا‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫و‬َ‫ج‬ – hungry; َُ‫آل‬َ‫م‬ – full; etc., - (This
type of noun that does not take tanween is called: ( ُ‫ع‬ْ‫و‬ُ‫ـ‬‫ن‬ْ‫م‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬َّ‫الص‬ )

3. The adjective corresponds to the noun it
describes in all four areas that affect a noun:
In its case
(nominative,
accusative, genitive)
The adjective has the same case as the noun i.e., if noun is nominative, its adjective will be nominative e.g.,
ْ‫َّر‬‫الد‬ُ‫س‬ْ‫ع‬َّ‫الص‬ُ‫ب‬ “the difficult lesson”; if the noun is accusative, its adjective will be accusative and if the noun
is genitive, the adjective will genitive e.g.,
َ‫ب‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ذ‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ص‬ َٰ‫َل‬ِ‫إ‬ ُ‫د‬َْ‫َْح‬‫أ‬‫ق‬‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫م‬‫ض‬ “Ahmad went to an ill friend.”
In definiteness
and indefiniteness
If the noun is definite then the adjective is definite. e.g. ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ُ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ُ‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ق‬ “the old table” and ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ُ‫ة‬َ‫ين‬ِ‫د‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ك‬ُ‫ة‬َ‫ري‬
“the big city” and when the noun is indefinite the adjective is indefinite e.g. ‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬‫ب‬‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َ‫ج‬‫د‬ “a new book” and
ُ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬‫ل‬‫ـ‬‫ي‬ِ‫ق‬َ‫ف‬‫ر‬ “a poor man”
In gender
(masculine or feminine)
The adjective of a masculine noun is masculine e.g. : ‫د‬َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬‫ري‬ِ‫غ‬َ‫ص‬ “a young boy” and ‫س‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ه‬ُ‫م‬‫ري‬ِ‫ه‬َ‫ش‬ “a famous
engineer”; and that of a feminine noun is feminine e.g. ‫ت‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ب‬‫ة‬َ‫ري‬ِ‫غ‬َ‫ص‬ “a young girl” and ‫ة‬َ‫اح‬َّ‫ف‬ُ‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ة‬َ‫ذ‬‫ي‬ِ‫ذ‬َ‫ل‬ “a tasty
apple”
In number
(singular, plural, dual)
All the above examples are for the singular. An example for dual (nominative) is: َ‫سا‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ه‬ُ‫م‬َ‫ا‬‫ري‬ِ‫ه‬َ‫ش‬ and for
the (nominative) plural َ‫سو‬ِ‫د‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ه‬ُ‫م‬َ‫جمتهدو‬
Phrases: The Adjectival Clause - ِ‫ف‬ْ‫ص‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ب‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ر‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ي‬

4. ُْ‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
‫ب‬ْ‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ط‬
‫ر‬ ِ‫ج‬َ‫َت‬
‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬َ‫غ‬
‫ة‬َ‫غ‬ُ‫ل‬
‫ل‬ْ‫ي‬َِ‫مج‬
ُ‫ة‬َ‫ح‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ر‬ِ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
the generous
a doctor
a merchant
a rich
a language
beautiful
the fan
ُ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬ْ‫ر‬ُ‫غ‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ـ‬‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
ُ‫ب‬ْ‫و‬ُ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
ُ‫س‬ِ‫ه‬‫ر‬َ‫د‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
ُ‫د‬ْ‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َْ‫اْل‬
the room
the big
the glass
the teacher
the new
ُ‫ة‬َ‫ار‬َ‫ي‬َّ‫الس‬the car
The Adjectival Phrase and Common Mistakes