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1. َْ‫ال‬َ‫و‬ ،ِ‫م‬‫ي‬ِ‫ح‬َّ‫الر‬ ِ‫ن‬ٰ‫ـ‬َْ‫ْح‬َّ‫الر‬ ِ‫هللا‬ ِ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ب‬َّ‫الس‬َ‫و‬ ُ‫ة‬ َ‫َل‬َّ‫الص‬َ‫و‬ ،ِ‫هلل‬ ُ‫د‬ْ‫م‬‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫م‬ َ‫َل‬
،ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ح‬ْ‫أص‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫آل‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫هللا‬ ِ‫ل‬ْ‫و‬ُ‫س‬َ‫ر‬ُ‫د‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ـ‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫َم‬‫أ‬:
The 23rd Lesson ُ‫ث‬ِ‫َّال‬‫ث‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫س‬ْ‫َّر‬‫الد‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫و‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫ش‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬
Week 5  Module 5
 Brothers and sisters, we welcome you to our 23rd session of FOUNDATION 1
 In this presentation we want to continue discussing the 3 different types of
Phrases. We have already discussed (
ُ‫ب‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ر‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫ا‬ْ‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ش‬ِ‫إل‬‫ا‬ ) - The Demonstrative
Phrase and (
ُ‫ب‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ر‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫ا‬ْ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫ص‬َ‫و‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬/ْ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫ي‬ِ‫ص‬ِ‫و‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ ) – The Descriptive Phrase or the
Adjectival Phrase. In-shaa’ Allaah, today we will discuss (
ُ‫ب‬َّ‫ك‬َ‫ر‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫ا‬ْ
ِ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ِ‫إل‬‫ا‬ ) – The
Possessive Phrase (‫ة‬َ‫ف‬‫ا‬َ‫ض‬ِ‫إل‬‫ا‬).
 We are going to continue with our discussion of concepts found in “The
Introduction” in another presentation, in-shaa’ Allaah.

2. Phrases: The Possessive Expression - ُ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬‫ا‬َ‫اإلض‬ُ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬‫ا‬َ‫اإلض‬: The expression that shows
ownership of one thing over another.
 The Possessive Expression is called ُ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬‫ا‬َ‫اإلض‬ in Arabic.
 ُ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬‫ا‬َ‫اإلض‬ means adding or annexing. It is to add one noun to another to form a relationship of possession (e.g. The teacher’s book).
 It has two parts: 1) a possessed: ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ and 2) an owner or the one that possesses: ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ٌ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬
 ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ can be definite (i.e. when its ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ٌ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ is definite)
ُ‫ب‬َ‫َب‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ـ‬‫ب‬
 And it can be indefinite (i.e. when its ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ٌ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ is indefinite) ِ‫إ‬ُ‫ام‬َ‫م‬َ‫م‬ِِْ‫س‬‫د‬
 In all cases ٌ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ is never prefixed with ( ْ‫ال‬)
 The Possessed noun ( ُ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫ـم‬‫ل‬‫ا‬) takes different cases while the ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ٌ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ takes the genitive case (‫ر‬َْ‫اْل‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ح‬) only.
ُ‫ة‬َ‫ين‬ِ‫د‬َ‫م‬‫و‬ُ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬ُ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫د‬ُ‫م‬ِ‫ر‬ِ‫س‬ُ‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ـ‬‫ق‬َُ‫م‬َّ‫م‬‫د‬ُ‫ة‬َّ‫م‬ِ‫ق‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ب‬َِ‫ـ‬ِ‫ل‬
The top of the mountain Muhammad’s pen The teacher’s book The city of Rome
Examples of
ُ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬‫ا‬َ‫اإلض‬
Muhammad’s pen
ُ‫م‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫د‬َّ‫م‬َُ‫م‬Example:
Examples:
‫ا‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ُ‫ب‬‫ا‬ِ‫ال‬َّ‫ط‬‫ل‬ِ‫ب‬ ٰ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ب‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫د‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ِ‫س‬
ْ‫ف‬َّ‫الر‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ح‬ِ‫ع‬ َْ‫اْل‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ح‬ِ‫ر‬
ُ‫ت‬ْ‫َي‬‫أ‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫م‬َ‫ب‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫د‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ِ‫س‬
ْ‫َّص‬‫ن‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ح‬ِ‫ب‬

3. Notes on the Possessive Expression - ُ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬‫ا‬َ‫اإلض‬
a) Sometimes, in a phrase there is more than one owned/possessed (‫مضاف‬) and there is more than one
owner/possessor ( ‫مضاف‬‫إليه‬ ).
ِ‫ل‬ُ‫ج‬َّ‫الر‬ ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ـ‬‫ب‬ ُ‫َبب‬
b) If the (‫مضاف‬) has a (ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ص‬), it should come immediately after the ( ‫مضاف‬‫إليه‬ ) with the definite article
( ْ‫ال‬) and it carries the same I`raab as the (‫مضاف‬), that is the thing possessed.
َ‫َب‬ُ‫ب‬ْ‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َْ‫اْل‬ ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ـ‬‫ب‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ُ‫د‬
c) If the ( ‫مضاف‬‫إليه‬ ) has a (ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ص‬), it should come immediately after it i.e., ( ‫مضاف‬‫إليه‬ ) and it carries the
same I`raab as the ( ‫مضاف‬‫إليه‬ ).
ْ‫بي‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ب‬َ‫َب‬ِ‫ت‬ْ‫ي‬ِ‫د‬َْ‫اْل‬ِ‫د‬
‫مضاف‬
‫ومضاف‬ ‫إليه‬ ‫مضاف‬
‫إليه‬ ‫مضاف‬
The door of the man’s house
The house’s new door
The door of the new house

4. Examples of the Possessive Expression ( ُ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬ ،ُ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ) and Common Mistakes

5. More Examples of ( َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ُ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬ ،ُ‫اف‬َ‫ض‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ِ‫ه‬ْ‫ي‬ )
‫ـ‬ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ص‬َ‫ف‬‫َا‬‫ن‬‫ــ‬ ‫ـ‬ُ‫ب‬‫ا‬ َ‫ْو‬‫ب‬َ‫أ‬‫ا‬َ‫ه‬‫ــ‬
‫باب‬/‫أبواب‬
ٌ‫ل‬ْ‫ص‬َ‫ف‬
ٌ‫ت‬َ‫س‬ َ‫ر‬ْ‫د‬َ‫م‬ٌْ‫ي‬‫ــ‬
ٌ‫ي‬‫س‬ ْ‫ر‬ُ‫ك‬ٌْ‫ي‬‫ــ‬
ُ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫م‬
ِ‫س‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫د‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬
ٌ‫ر‬ْ‫ـ‬‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ك‬
Door (s)
A classroom
My school
My chair
desk
The teacher
big
‫ـ‬ُ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫غ‬ُ‫ل‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ـه‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬
ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫خ‬‫ُم‬
Their languages
different
‫هذه‬ٌ‫ت‬َ‫س‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫د‬َ‫م‬ٌْ‫ي‬‫ــ‬‫ذاك‬ٌ‫ي‬‫س‬ ْ‫ر‬ُ‫ك‬ٌْ‫ي‬‫ــ‬
ُ‫ب‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫م‬ِ‫س‬ِ‫ر‬َ‫د‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ٌ‫ر‬ْ‫ـ‬‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ك‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬ُ‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫غ‬ُ‫ل‬ْ‫م‬ُ‫ـه‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ف‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫خ‬‫ُم‬