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1. ‫د‬ْ‫م‬َْ‫اْل‬َ‫و‬ ،ِ‫م‬‫ي‬ِ‫ح‬َّ‫الر‬ ِ‫ن‬ٰ‫ـ‬َْ‫ْح‬َّ‫الر‬ ِ
‫ه‬‫اّلل‬ ِ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ع‬ ‫م‬َ‫ال‬َّ‫الس‬َ‫و‬ ‫ة‬َ‫ال‬َّ‫الص‬َ‫و‬ ،ِ
‫ه‬
ِ‫ّلل‬ِ‫هللا‬ ِ‫ل‬ْ‫و‬‫س‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬
‫د‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ـ‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫َم‬‫أ‬ ،ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ب‬‫ا‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫أص‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫آل‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫و‬:
 Brothers and sisters, we are grateful to Allaah, the Most High to be
privileged to welcome you to our 3rd session of FOUNDATIONS 1 (B)
 In this session we will continue with our discussion concerning the most
important aspect to understand relative to verbs:
Roots ( ‫ر‬ْ‫ذ‬ ِ‫ج‬/‫ر‬ْ‫و‬‫ذ‬‫ج‬ ) and Patterns/scales ( ‫ن‬ْ‫ز‬َ‫و‬/‫ان‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫َو‬‫أ‬ )
F1(B) M6
Lesson 3 – ‫س‬ْ‫َّر‬‫الد‬َّ‫ث‬‫ال‬ُِ‫ال‬

2. 2
‫ر‬ْ‫و‬‫ص‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫م‬‫ل‬ِ‫اخ‬َ‫د‬‫ج‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫خ‬
َ‫ف‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ َ‫م‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َْ‫و‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ف‬‫ا‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬
‫د‬ْ‫و‬‫ـ‬‫ب‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫م‬
َ‫م‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َْ‫و‬َ‫ل‬
‫م‬ْ‫ي‬ِ‫ك‬َ‫ح‬‫ل‬ْ‫ي‬َِ‫َج‬
َِ‫ع‬‫ف‬َْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬َِ‫ع‬‫ف‬َْ‫ي‬َ‫ل‬
These words have different roots ( ‫ور‬ْ‫ذ‬ ِ‫)ج‬ and different scales ( َ‫أ‬‫ان‬‫ز‬ْ‫و‬ ).
Conclusion:
َ:َ‫ف‬–َ‫ع‬–‫ل‬ Is the ‘artificial’َor ‘dummy’َroot.
Arabic gives each wazn (‫)وزن‬ a name, like ( َ‫ل‬ْ‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬‫ف‬َ/َ‫ل‬ْ‫و‬‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬‫م‬/َ‫ل‬ِ‫فاع‬ )
To find the name of the wazn (‫,)وزن‬ substitute the “artificial/dummy”َ
root ( َ‫ف‬–َ‫ع‬-‫ل‬ ) for the word’s root.
The name of the (‫)وزن‬ for ( ‫منصور‬َ/‫معبود‬ ), therefore, is ( َ‫ن‬ْ‫ز‬‫و‬‫مفعول‬ ); and for
( ‫ِج‬‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫خ‬/‫ل‬ِ‫اخ‬َ‫د‬ ) is ( َ‫ن‬ْ‫ز‬‫و‬‫ل‬ِ‫فاع‬ ) and ( ‫م‬ْ‫ي‬ِ‫ك‬َ‫ح‬/‫ل‬ْ‫ي‬َِ‫َج‬ ) is ( َ‫ن‬ْ‫ز‬‫و‬‫ل‬ْ‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬‫ف‬ )
Naming Patterns

3. ‫منصور‬‫ممنوع‬ ‫ل‬ْ‫ي‬ِ‫ز‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ـ‬‫ت‬
‫داخل‬
‫ج‬‫خار‬‫تقدير‬
َ‫د‬–َ‫خ‬-‫ل‬
َ‫م‬–َ‫ن‬-‫ع‬ َ‫ن‬–َ‫ص‬-‫ر‬َ‫ن‬-َ‫ز‬-‫ل‬َ‫خ‬–َ‫ر‬-‫ج‬َ‫ق‬–َ‫د‬-‫د‬
‫اسخ‬‫ر‬‫تعليم‬
ْ‫ي‬ِ‫س‬َْ‫َت‬
‫ل‬ِ‫قات‬‫خالد‬‫معبود‬
َ‫ق‬–‫ت‬-‫ل‬ َ‫ع‬-َ‫ل‬-‫م‬ َ‫ر‬-َ‫س‬–‫خ‬
‫ح‬-َ‫س‬-‫ن‬
‫خ‬–َ‫ل‬-‫د‬َ‫ع‬–َ‫ب‬-‫د‬
‫ل‬ْ‫و‬‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫م‬
‫ل‬ْ‫و‬‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫م‬ ‫ل‬ِ‫اع‬َ‫ف‬
‫ل‬ِ‫اع‬َ‫ف‬
‫ل‬ْ‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ـ‬‫ت‬
‫ل‬ْ‫و‬‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫م‬
‫ل‬ِ‫اع‬َ‫ف‬ ‫ل‬ِ‫اع‬َ‫ف‬
‫ل‬ْ‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ـ‬‫ت‬ ‫ل‬ْ‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫ل‬ْ‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫ـ‬‫ت‬
The helped
The sending
down, revelationThe prohibited
The act of
beautifying
The one who
leaves; outside
The act of
estimating
Well-grounded
The act of
teaching
The one who
enters; internal
The killereverlastingThe one worshipped
‫ل‬ِ‫اع‬َ‫ف‬
Identify the roots and the following scales – ْ‫ف‬َ‫ـ‬‫ت‬ ،‫ل‬ْ‫و‬‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫م‬ ،‫ل‬ِ‫اع‬َ‫ف‬‫ل‬ْ‫ي‬ِ‫ع‬

4. Arabic Terminologies
MeaningArabic
The second root letter of a word, the (‫ع‬) of the word ( َ‫ـ‬‫ف‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬ )
The third root letter of a word, e.g. the ( َ‫ل‬) of ( َ‫ع‬َ‫ـ‬‫ف‬َ‫ل‬ )
The first root letter of a word, also referred to as
consonant, e.g. the (َ‫)ف‬ of ( َ‫ـ‬‫ف‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ )
ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫اء‬َ‫ف‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬‫ة‬
ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ْ‫ي‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫ك‬‫ة‬َ‫م‬
َ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫م‬َ‫ال‬َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬‫ة‬
Terms
already
learnt
relating to
Verbs The imperfect (Present) tense refers to an action that
is occurring (so it is incomplete).
The imperative or command form
It is called the past/perfect tense because it refers to a
completed action, which was done in the past.
ِ‫اض‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ي‬
ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬َ‫ض‬‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ع‬
‫ر‬ْ‫َم‬‫أل‬‫ا‬