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1. َْ‫ال‬َ‫و‬ ،ِ‫م‬‫ي‬ِ‫ح‬َّ‫الر‬ ِ‫ن‬ٰ‫ـ‬َْ‫ْح‬َّ‫الر‬ ِ
‫ه‬‫اّلل‬ ِ‫م‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ب‬َّ‫الس‬َ‫و‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ال‬َّ‫الص‬َ‫و‬ ،ِ
‫ه‬
ِ‫ّلل‬ ُ‫د‬ْ‫م‬‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫م‬َ‫ال‬
،ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ب‬‫ا‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫أص‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫آل‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫هللا‬ ِ‫ل‬ْ‫و‬ُ‫س‬َ‫ر‬ُ‫د‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ـ‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫َم‬‫أ‬:
The 16th Lesson
ُ‫س‬ْ‫َّر‬‫الد‬َ‫س‬ِ‫اد‬َ‫الس‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ر‬َ‫َش‬
Week 4  Module 4
 Brothers and sisters, we welcome you to our 16th session of FOUNDATION 1
 In this presentation we are going to be introducing a new concept relative to verbs.
 Alhamdulillaah we have covered all 6 different patterns/scales for the 3 letter verbs, (there are some other areas
that needs to be addressed in this area, but we will delay it for the 2nd Part of Foundation 1 - the next 5 weeks
inshaa’ Allaah)
 In these 2 final weeks we want to change the focus a bit, inshaa’ Allaah. We want to begin with foundation for
deen and life.
 So, because of what we need to cover for the rest of these sessions for this foundation, it is essential that we do 1
(one) new scale/pattern. The base of this pattern is three letters but one letter is added to it so that it becomes a 4
letter verb. (we will discuss this in the following slide, inshaa’ Allaah). This is going to be our main focus for this and
the other sessions and we will also introduce some important words that you must know as a Muslim.
 IMPORTANT NOTE: ONLY one or more of the following letters are added to the scale/pattern to form derivatives,
no other letters are used: ( ،‫س‬،‫أ‬،‫ل‬،‫ت‬،‫م‬،‫و‬،‫ن‬،‫ي‬،‫ه‬‫ا‬ ) They are gathered in the phrase: (
َ‫ه‬ْ‫ـ‬‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬ْ‫و‬ُ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫أ‬َ‫س‬‫ا‬ )

2. The new scale/pattern that we are going to deal with is:
(
َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ـ‬‫ف‬َ‫أ‬/ُ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫ـ‬‫ي‬/ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫أ‬ )
This is because the following important words, and many more, fall on it:
So let us check out how this scale operates. First: We have the original 3 letter scale: (
َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ـ‬‫ف‬ ), we then
add hamzatul-qat` ( َ‫أ‬ ) with fathah, not hamzatul-wasl as we were doing for the 3 letter imperative.
The hamzatul-qat` always carries a small hamzah above ( َ‫أ‬،ُ‫أ‬ ) or below ( ِ‫إ‬ ) the alif. The hamzatul-
qat` ( َ‫أ‬ ) is the sign of this scale for the ( ‫الفعل‬‫املاضي‬ ) and the (‫أمر‬)
So this would become: ( َ‫أ‬+‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ـ‬‫ف‬ ).
if we leave it like this (with all letters having fathah), it could read like a question which would mean:
“Did he do?”, and this could be confusing.
So to make it different, we give the ( ‫ف‬ ) a SUKOON and so it becomes: (
َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ـ‬‫ف‬ ). We then add ( َ‫أ‬ )
and we have: (
َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ـ‬‫ف‬َ‫أ‬ ) This is the past tense.
ُ‫الم‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫إل‬‫ا‬ُ‫ن‬‫ا‬َْ‫ْي‬ِ‫إل‬‫ا‬ُ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫س‬ْ‫ح‬ِ‫إل‬‫ا‬
َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ـ‬‫ف‬َ‫أ‬/ُ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫ـ‬‫ي‬/َ‫أ‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬
Forming the Past Tense

3. The present tense is derived from the Past tense (
َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ـ‬‫ف‬َ‫أ‬). The signs of the present tense: ‫ي‬ ،‫ت‬ ،‫ن‬ ،‫أ‬ would all
take a dammah. So the base for 3rd Person of the Present Tense would now be
ُ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َُ‫ُي‬) ). In Arabic this is a
difficult combination so the hamzatul-qat` - ‫أ‬ is dropped and (
ُ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫ـ‬‫ي‬) ) remains as the Present tense. (The laam
will always take dammah). The present tense falls on the scale/pattern: (
ُ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫ـ‬‫ي‬).
As for the imperative, this is formed from the present tense whose asl (origin) is (
ُ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َُ‫ُي‬). The sign of the present
tense is dropped and so (
ُ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫أ‬) remains. The imperative is always Majzoom, so the final letter in this case would
take sukoon so we have (
ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫أ‬) remaining for the imperative ( ‫أمر‬ ).
So the complete form for all the tenses is (
َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ـ‬‫ف‬َ‫أ‬/ُ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫ـ‬‫ي‬/ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫أ‬ )
NOTE: It does not matter which scale the 3 letter verb falls on (from the six scales), there is only one scale in
this situation.
َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ـ‬‫ف‬َ‫أ‬/ُ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫ـ‬‫ي‬/ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ْ‫ف‬َ‫أ‬
Forming the Present Tense & Imperative

4. َ‫ك‬ُ‫ر‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ك‬َ‫ي‬ُ‫ر‬ُ‫م‬ُ‫ا‬ْ‫ك‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫م‬
َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬َ‫خ‬ُ‫ج‬ُ‫ر‬َْ‫َي‬ُ‫ا‬ْ‫ج‬ُ‫ر‬ْ‫خ‬
َ‫ل‬َ‫ز‬َ‫ـ‬‫ن‬ُ‫ل‬ِ‫ز‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫ـ‬‫ي‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ز‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ا‬
َ‫ن‬ِ‫َم‬‫أ‬ُ‫ن‬َ‫م‬َْ‫ُي‬ْ‫ن‬َْ‫ْي‬ِ‫ا‬
َ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫س‬ُ‫م‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫ا‬ْ‫م‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫س‬
He was safe/ soundBe safe
َ‫ن‬ُ‫س‬َ‫ح‬ُ‫ن‬ُ‫س‬َْ‫َي‬ُ‫ا‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫س‬ْ‫ح‬
He is goodBe good He was good
He is safe/ sound
He is safeBe safe He was safe
The 3 letter
verb
Addَ‫أ‬to the 3
letter verb
ْ‫ك‬َ‫أ‬َ‫ر‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ك‬ُ‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬ُ‫م‬َ‫أ‬ْ‫ك‬ِ‫ر‬ْ‫م‬
َ‫ج‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫َخ‬‫أ‬ُْ‫َي‬ِ‫ر‬ُ‫ج‬ْ‫ِج‬‫ر‬ْ‫َخ‬‫أ‬
َ‫ل‬َ‫ز‬ْ‫ـ‬‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ْ‫ن‬ُ‫ـ‬‫ي‬ُ‫ل‬ِ‫ز‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ز‬ْ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬
َ‫ن‬َ‫آم‬ُ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ْ‫ؤ‬َ‫ـ‬‫ي‬ْ‫ن‬ِ‫آم‬
َ‫م‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫َس‬‫أ‬ُ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫ي‬َ‫أ‬ْ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬ْ‫س‬
َ‫ن‬َ‫س‬ْ‫َح‬‫أ‬ُ‫ن‬ِ‫س‬ُْ‫َي‬َ‫أ‬ِ‫س‬ْ‫ح‬ْ‫ن‬
‫ي‬ِ‫اض‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ضار‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ْ‫م‬ ْ‫اْل‬‫ر‬‫ي‬ِ‫اض‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ع‬‫ضار‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ر‬ْ‫م‬ ْ‫اْل‬
He is proficientBe proficient He was proficient
He is nobleBe noble! He was noble
He is honoredHonor! He was honored
He submitsSubmit! He submitted
He descendedDescend
He leftLeave! He leaves
He descends
He brings outBring out! He brought out
He believesBelieve! He believed
He sends down,
reveals
Send down,
reveal
He sent down,
revealed
The 3 letter
verb
Addَ‫أ‬to the 3
letter verb
The 3 letter
verb
Addَ‫أ‬to the 3
letter verb