This document provides information on basic life support (BLS). It begins by defining cardiac arrest as the cessation of normal blood circulation due to heart failure. It describes reversible causes of cardiac arrest including pulmonary embolism, tension pneumothorax, and various toxins or electrolyte imbalances. The basics of BLS are then outlined, including chest compressions, opening the airway, rescue breathing, and defibrillation. Steps of BLS like assessing the scene, checking for breathing and pulse are explained. Chest compression techniques, rescue breathing methods like mouth-to-mouth and bag valve mask, and use of an automated external defibrillator are described. Finally, drugs commonly used in cardiac arrest like epinephrine
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION- BLS & ACLS-2020 AHA UPDATEAryaDasmahapatra
This document provides information about cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the basic life support (BLS) and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) protocols. It begins with definitions of CPR and its purposes to support life through circulation and prevent brain damage from lack of oxygen. The history of developments in CPR techniques from chest compressions to defibrillation are outlined. Adult and pediatric BLS protocols are described, including assessing responsiveness, calling for help, performing high-quality chest compressions, opening the airway, rescue breathing, and using an automated external defibrillator. Differences in CPR for adults, children and infants are also summarized.
Basic life support (BLS) refers to emergency care provided to patients experiencing cardiac arrest, respiratory failure, or airway obstruction. It includes chest compressions, use of an automated external defibrillator, and relieving airway obstructions. The chain of survival emphasizes early CPR, early defibrillation, early advanced life support, and post-cardiac arrest care to maximize patient survival. BLS procedures include assessing the patient for responsiveness, activating emergency services, performing high-quality chest compressions, opening the airway, and providing rescue breaths. Defibrillation is key for shockable cardiac rhythms like ventricular fibrillation. BLS aims to provide oxygenated blood flow to vital organs until further medical help
This document provides information about basic life support (BLS). It discusses the goals of BLS as early access to care, early CPR, early defibrillation, and early advanced cardiac life support in order to preserve brain viability. BLS generally does not include drugs or invasive skills and is contrasted with advanced cardiac life support. The document then outlines the BLS procedure, which consists of checking for response, calling for help, opening the airway, checking for breathing, and performing chest compressions if there is no pulse. It emphasizes the importance of early defibrillation and continuing CPR until more advanced support arrives.
The document summarizes key changes in the 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. It thanks contributors and provides an introduction. Major changes included in the adult basic and advanced life support section are emphasized, such as enhanced algorithms, early CPR and epinephrine administration, monitoring CPR quality, and improved post-cardiac arrest care. New recommendations are highlighted regarding various resuscitation practices.
BLS(basic life support) & ACLS with PALS by Dr. ShailendraShailendra Satpute
This document provides information on Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS). It defines cardiac arrest, outlines its causes and types including ventricular fibrillation, pulseless ventricular tachycardia, asystole, and pulseless electrical activity. It describes the signs and symptoms of cardiac arrest. It also summarizes the steps of BLS including chest compressions, airway management, rescue breathing, and defibrillation. Advanced techniques like intubation, use of laryngeal mask airways, endotracheal tubes, and automated external defibrillators are also outlined.
This document summarizes guidelines for emergency medicine training in resuscitation. It discusses adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation, including a focus on high-quality chest compressions. It also reviews the treatment of cardiac arrest, including defibrillation and drug therapy. Additional sections cover bradycardia, tachycardia, cardiac rhythms like atrial fibrillation and flutter, and management approaches.
1. The document summarizes updates to the 2020 American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for adult and pediatric advanced life support.
2. Key adult updates include a new sixth link of recovery in the chain of survival, recommendations to start early CPR and consider adrenaline administration, and use of audiovisual feedback and end-tidal CO2 monitoring to optimize CPR quality.
3. Pediatric updates include a new pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest chain, recommendations for higher ventilation rates with advanced airways and use of cuffed endotracheal tubes, and administering adrenaline within 5 minutes of cardiac arrest.
This document provides information on basic life support (BLS). It begins by defining cardiac arrest as the cessation of normal blood circulation due to heart failure. It describes reversible causes of cardiac arrest including pulmonary embolism, tension pneumothorax, and various toxins or electrolyte imbalances. The basics of BLS are then outlined, including chest compressions, opening the airway, rescue breathing, and defibrillation. Steps of BLS like assessing the scene, checking for breathing and pulse are explained. Chest compression techniques, rescue breathing methods like mouth-to-mouth and bag valve mask, and use of an automated external defibrillator are described. Finally, drugs commonly used in cardiac arrest like epinephrine
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION- BLS & ACLS-2020 AHA UPDATEAryaDasmahapatra
This document provides information about cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the basic life support (BLS) and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) protocols. It begins with definitions of CPR and its purposes to support life through circulation and prevent brain damage from lack of oxygen. The history of developments in CPR techniques from chest compressions to defibrillation are outlined. Adult and pediatric BLS protocols are described, including assessing responsiveness, calling for help, performing high-quality chest compressions, opening the airway, rescue breathing, and using an automated external defibrillator. Differences in CPR for adults, children and infants are also summarized.
Basic life support (BLS) refers to emergency care provided to patients experiencing cardiac arrest, respiratory failure, or airway obstruction. It includes chest compressions, use of an automated external defibrillator, and relieving airway obstructions. The chain of survival emphasizes early CPR, early defibrillation, early advanced life support, and post-cardiac arrest care to maximize patient survival. BLS procedures include assessing the patient for responsiveness, activating emergency services, performing high-quality chest compressions, opening the airway, and providing rescue breaths. Defibrillation is key for shockable cardiac rhythms like ventricular fibrillation. BLS aims to provide oxygenated blood flow to vital organs until further medical help
This document provides information about basic life support (BLS). It discusses the goals of BLS as early access to care, early CPR, early defibrillation, and early advanced cardiac life support in order to preserve brain viability. BLS generally does not include drugs or invasive skills and is contrasted with advanced cardiac life support. The document then outlines the BLS procedure, which consists of checking for response, calling for help, opening the airway, checking for breathing, and performing chest compressions if there is no pulse. It emphasizes the importance of early defibrillation and continuing CPR until more advanced support arrives.
The document summarizes key changes in the 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. It thanks contributors and provides an introduction. Major changes included in the adult basic and advanced life support section are emphasized, such as enhanced algorithms, early CPR and epinephrine administration, monitoring CPR quality, and improved post-cardiac arrest care. New recommendations are highlighted regarding various resuscitation practices.
BLS(basic life support) & ACLS with PALS by Dr. ShailendraShailendra Satpute
This document provides information on Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS). It defines cardiac arrest, outlines its causes and types including ventricular fibrillation, pulseless ventricular tachycardia, asystole, and pulseless electrical activity. It describes the signs and symptoms of cardiac arrest. It also summarizes the steps of BLS including chest compressions, airway management, rescue breathing, and defibrillation. Advanced techniques like intubation, use of laryngeal mask airways, endotracheal tubes, and automated external defibrillators are also outlined.
This document summarizes guidelines for emergency medicine training in resuscitation. It discusses adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation, including a focus on high-quality chest compressions. It also reviews the treatment of cardiac arrest, including defibrillation and drug therapy. Additional sections cover bradycardia, tachycardia, cardiac rhythms like atrial fibrillation and flutter, and management approaches.
1. The document summarizes updates to the 2020 American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for adult and pediatric advanced life support.
2. Key adult updates include a new sixth link of recovery in the chain of survival, recommendations to start early CPR and consider adrenaline administration, and use of audiovisual feedback and end-tidal CO2 monitoring to optimize CPR quality.
3. Pediatric updates include a new pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest chain, recommendations for higher ventilation rates with advanced airways and use of cuffed endotracheal tubes, and administering adrenaline within 5 minutes of cardiac arrest.
Advanced cardiac life support or advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) refers to a set of clinical interventions for the urgent treatment of cardiac arrest, stroke and other life-threatening medical emergencies, as well as the knowledge and skills to deploy those interventions.
Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) is the pre-eminent resuscitation course for the recognition and intervention of cardiopulmonary arrest or other cardiovascular emergencies.
The document provides information on basic life support (BLS) including definitions, the adult chain of survival, call or CPR first considerations, signs requiring CPR, approaching a victim, and high quality CPR techniques. It discusses refining the recognition of cardiac arrest and initiation of CPR or calling emergency services. Emphasis is placed on minimizing interruptions during chest compressions and avoiding excessive ventilation.
Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) refers to interventions for urgent treatment of cardiac arrest and other life-threatening emergencies, as well as the knowledge and skills to deploy those interventions. ACLS protocols from the American Heart Association are considered the gold standard and get reviewed every 5 years. BLS with high-quality CPR forms the critical foundation for ACLS. For shockable rhythms like ventricular fibrillation, the ACLS treatment involves defibrillation, CPR, and administration of drugs like epinephrine and amiodarone. For non-shockable rhythms like asystole, ACLS focuses on identifying and treating reversible causes through CPR and medications while preparing for transport to a hospital.
CPR involves basic life support techniques to maintain oxygen flow to the heart and brain until further medical help arrives. It includes clearing the airway, performing chest compressions at a rate of 100-120 per minute to manually pump the heart, and rescue breathing to oxygenate the lungs. The goals of CPR are to restore spontaneous circulation and breathing to prevent irreversible brain damage from lack of oxygen. It should be started immediately if a person is unresponsive and not breathing normally or does not have a pulse.
Basic life support (BLS) involves procedures to restore oxygenated blood circulation after sudden cardiac or pulmonary arrest until full medical care can be provided. It includes chest compressions, rescue breathing, use of an automated external defibrillator, and establishing an open airway. BLS is essential for resuscitating someone and can double their chances of survival if performed immediately by bystanders before emergency services arrive. The key steps of BLS include assessing the scene and victim, calling for help, delivering chest compressions, giving rescue breaths, using an AED, and placing the victim in the recovery position if breathing returns.
This document provides an overview of cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR), including its history, purpose, procedures, and key facts. CPR is an emergency procedure used to manually circulate blood to vital organs when someone's heartbeat or breathing has stopped. It involves chest compressions, opening the airway, and rescue breathing in a repeated cycle. Proper CPR can double someone's chances of survival from cardiac arrest until emergency services arrive with a defibrillator. The document outlines the specific steps and techniques for performing CPR on adults, children, and infants.
The document outlines guidelines for Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) presented by interns at KIMS, BBSR. It discusses BLS guidelines including CPR technique and choking, and provides ACLS algorithms. Key aspects of BLS covered are assessing carotid pulse, initiating chest compressions if no pulse, and reassessing after 2 minutes of CPR. ACLS algorithms outlined include those for adult cardiac arrest, post-cardiac arrest care, tachycardia, and bradycardia. Identifying unstable patients using HASIA criteria is also summarized.
This document provides guidance on performing basic life support (BLS) for adults and children. It outlines the steps of BLS, including assessing the scene and victim for safety, checking for response, opening the airway, checking for breathing and circulation, calling for help, performing chest compressions and rescue breaths. It emphasizes the importance of high-quality chest compressions and notes differences in performing CPR on children versus adults. The document also discusses complications of CPR, the recovery position, and hands-only or compression-only CPR. The goal of BLS is to provide oxygenated blood flow to vital organs until more advanced medical help arrives.
The document provides information on basic life support (BLS) training. It begins with an introduction stating that BLS skills are vital for healthcare providers to learn and re-learn. The document then defines BLS and its key components, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), maintaining an open airway, and chest compressions. It provides guidance on performing CPR for adults, children, and infants. The document emphasizes the importance of early recognition of emergencies and prompt treatment, as well as following the proper techniques and timing for chest compressions. It concludes by noting some key points to remember when performing BLS, such as positioning oneself at the victim's side and avoiding obstructing the airway during
This document summarizes a presentation on basic and advanced cardiac life support. It discusses key concepts in BLS including recognition of cardiac arrest, activating emergency services, performing chest compressions, minimizing interruptions, monitoring compression quality, ventilation, and use of an automated external defibrillator. It then covers ACLS, including treatment algorithms, airway management, defibrillation procedures, medications used during CPR, monitoring techniques, and management of specific arrhythmias like ventricular fibrillation, asystole, and pulseless electrical activity. The goal of BLS and ACLS is to provide immediate life-saving interventions for cardiac arrest patients until the underlying cause can be addressed.
This document discusses Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS). It begins by defining ACLS as a set of interventions for urgently treating cardiac arrest, stroke, and other emergencies, as well as the skills and knowledge to perform those interventions. The ACLS guidelines were first published in 1974 by the American Heart Association and are updated every five years. Basic life support forms the core foundation of ACLS, including chest compressions and use of automated external defibrillators. Only qualified healthcare providers can provide ACLS, as it requires skills like airway management, IV access, ECG interpretation, and emergency pharmacology. The document then outlines the ABCs of ACLS and protocols for ventilation, circulation, shockable and
Andreas Vesalius in 1555 suggested opening the trachea and inserting a tube to allow the lung to reinflate and strengthen the heart, representing one of the earliest descriptions of mechanical ventilation.
Dr. Nikhil Yadav's document discusses various modes of mechanical ventilation including controlled modes like volume control and pressure control ventilation, assisted modes like assist-control and synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, and spontaneous breathing modes like pressure support ventilation and proportional assist ventilation. The summary provides a high-level overview of the key topics and historical context covered in the document.
This document discusses defibrillation and cardioversion. It defines defibrillation as treatment for life-threatening arrhythmias without a pulse using electrical shock, while cardioversion aims to convert arrhythmias to normal rhythm with or without a pulse. Both use electrical energy to allow normal sinus rhythm. Defibrillation is for immediate use in ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia, while cardioversion may be used for unstable or failed chemical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular tachycardia with a pulse. The document reviews the history of defibrillation and types of defibrillators, and provides guidance on defibrillation and cardioversion procedures and considerations.
The document defines basic life support (BLS) and outlines the key steps and components of BLS. It explains that BLS includes performing high-quality CPR, using an automated external defibrillator (AED), and relieving an obstructed airway. The "chain of survival" is introduced as assessing response, activating emergency services, performing chest compressions, checking airway/breathing, defibrillating if needed, and continuing resuscitation until help arrives. Key BLS maneuvers like chest compressions, rescue breathing, and AED use are summarized.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a basic life support technique used to manually maintain brain and heart function until further medical help arrives. It involves chest compressions to pump the heart and artificial ventilation to oxygenate the lungs. The steps of CPR include assessing for unresponsiveness, checking for breathing and pulse, calling for help, performing chest compressions at a rate of 100-120 per minute, and giving rescue breaths in a 30:2 ratio. Advanced life support may involve use of an automated external defibrillator, endotracheal intubation, intravenous drugs and fluids, and other emergency medical interventions to restore normal heart rhythm and breathing. Proper and timely CPR can
This is a brief review of airway management (basics, exams and devices).
Special thanks to Dr. S. Malek for kind sharing of his valuable slides on this topic.
1. The primary action if someone collapses near you is to call for help, remove them from danger, and start CPR.
2. Basic life support (BLS) involves pre-hospital care like CPR to preserve brain function until more advanced care arrives. It aims to save lives and minimize brain damage through early access, CPR, and transport.
3. To prepare an operation bed, extra protective covers are placed and the bed is made open with the top linen folded back and foot end untouched to receive the postoperative patient comfortably and protect from discharges."
Capnografia en arresto cardiaco paro cardiaco, ETCO2 en RCPAna Angel
Este documento resume la evidencia sobre el uso de la capnografía durante el arresto cardiaco. La capnografía puede utilizarse para monitorear la calidad de las compresiones torácicas, predecir el retorno de la circulación espontánea y pronosticar la supervivencia. Varios estudios muestran que valores de ETCO2 menores a 10 mmHg después de 20 minutos de RCP predicen una baja probabilidad de ROSC y supervivencia. Sin embargo, la capnografía no debe utilizarse de forma aislada para decidir cuando finalizar los esfuer
Advanced cardiac life support or advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) refers to a set of clinical interventions for the urgent treatment of cardiac arrest, stroke and other life-threatening medical emergencies, as well as the knowledge and skills to deploy those interventions.
Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) is the pre-eminent resuscitation course for the recognition and intervention of cardiopulmonary arrest or other cardiovascular emergencies.
The document provides information on basic life support (BLS) including definitions, the adult chain of survival, call or CPR first considerations, signs requiring CPR, approaching a victim, and high quality CPR techniques. It discusses refining the recognition of cardiac arrest and initiation of CPR or calling emergency services. Emphasis is placed on minimizing interruptions during chest compressions and avoiding excessive ventilation.
Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) refers to interventions for urgent treatment of cardiac arrest and other life-threatening emergencies, as well as the knowledge and skills to deploy those interventions. ACLS protocols from the American Heart Association are considered the gold standard and get reviewed every 5 years. BLS with high-quality CPR forms the critical foundation for ACLS. For shockable rhythms like ventricular fibrillation, the ACLS treatment involves defibrillation, CPR, and administration of drugs like epinephrine and amiodarone. For non-shockable rhythms like asystole, ACLS focuses on identifying and treating reversible causes through CPR and medications while preparing for transport to a hospital.
CPR involves basic life support techniques to maintain oxygen flow to the heart and brain until further medical help arrives. It includes clearing the airway, performing chest compressions at a rate of 100-120 per minute to manually pump the heart, and rescue breathing to oxygenate the lungs. The goals of CPR are to restore spontaneous circulation and breathing to prevent irreversible brain damage from lack of oxygen. It should be started immediately if a person is unresponsive and not breathing normally or does not have a pulse.
Basic life support (BLS) involves procedures to restore oxygenated blood circulation after sudden cardiac or pulmonary arrest until full medical care can be provided. It includes chest compressions, rescue breathing, use of an automated external defibrillator, and establishing an open airway. BLS is essential for resuscitating someone and can double their chances of survival if performed immediately by bystanders before emergency services arrive. The key steps of BLS include assessing the scene and victim, calling for help, delivering chest compressions, giving rescue breaths, using an AED, and placing the victim in the recovery position if breathing returns.
This document provides an overview of cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR), including its history, purpose, procedures, and key facts. CPR is an emergency procedure used to manually circulate blood to vital organs when someone's heartbeat or breathing has stopped. It involves chest compressions, opening the airway, and rescue breathing in a repeated cycle. Proper CPR can double someone's chances of survival from cardiac arrest until emergency services arrive with a defibrillator. The document outlines the specific steps and techniques for performing CPR on adults, children, and infants.
The document outlines guidelines for Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) presented by interns at KIMS, BBSR. It discusses BLS guidelines including CPR technique and choking, and provides ACLS algorithms. Key aspects of BLS covered are assessing carotid pulse, initiating chest compressions if no pulse, and reassessing after 2 minutes of CPR. ACLS algorithms outlined include those for adult cardiac arrest, post-cardiac arrest care, tachycardia, and bradycardia. Identifying unstable patients using HASIA criteria is also summarized.
This document provides guidance on performing basic life support (BLS) for adults and children. It outlines the steps of BLS, including assessing the scene and victim for safety, checking for response, opening the airway, checking for breathing and circulation, calling for help, performing chest compressions and rescue breaths. It emphasizes the importance of high-quality chest compressions and notes differences in performing CPR on children versus adults. The document also discusses complications of CPR, the recovery position, and hands-only or compression-only CPR. The goal of BLS is to provide oxygenated blood flow to vital organs until more advanced medical help arrives.
The document provides information on basic life support (BLS) training. It begins with an introduction stating that BLS skills are vital for healthcare providers to learn and re-learn. The document then defines BLS and its key components, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), maintaining an open airway, and chest compressions. It provides guidance on performing CPR for adults, children, and infants. The document emphasizes the importance of early recognition of emergencies and prompt treatment, as well as following the proper techniques and timing for chest compressions. It concludes by noting some key points to remember when performing BLS, such as positioning oneself at the victim's side and avoiding obstructing the airway during
This document summarizes a presentation on basic and advanced cardiac life support. It discusses key concepts in BLS including recognition of cardiac arrest, activating emergency services, performing chest compressions, minimizing interruptions, monitoring compression quality, ventilation, and use of an automated external defibrillator. It then covers ACLS, including treatment algorithms, airway management, defibrillation procedures, medications used during CPR, monitoring techniques, and management of specific arrhythmias like ventricular fibrillation, asystole, and pulseless electrical activity. The goal of BLS and ACLS is to provide immediate life-saving interventions for cardiac arrest patients until the underlying cause can be addressed.
This document discusses Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS). It begins by defining ACLS as a set of interventions for urgently treating cardiac arrest, stroke, and other emergencies, as well as the skills and knowledge to perform those interventions. The ACLS guidelines were first published in 1974 by the American Heart Association and are updated every five years. Basic life support forms the core foundation of ACLS, including chest compressions and use of automated external defibrillators. Only qualified healthcare providers can provide ACLS, as it requires skills like airway management, IV access, ECG interpretation, and emergency pharmacology. The document then outlines the ABCs of ACLS and protocols for ventilation, circulation, shockable and
Andreas Vesalius in 1555 suggested opening the trachea and inserting a tube to allow the lung to reinflate and strengthen the heart, representing one of the earliest descriptions of mechanical ventilation.
Dr. Nikhil Yadav's document discusses various modes of mechanical ventilation including controlled modes like volume control and pressure control ventilation, assisted modes like assist-control and synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, and spontaneous breathing modes like pressure support ventilation and proportional assist ventilation. The summary provides a high-level overview of the key topics and historical context covered in the document.
This document discusses defibrillation and cardioversion. It defines defibrillation as treatment for life-threatening arrhythmias without a pulse using electrical shock, while cardioversion aims to convert arrhythmias to normal rhythm with or without a pulse. Both use electrical energy to allow normal sinus rhythm. Defibrillation is for immediate use in ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia, while cardioversion may be used for unstable or failed chemical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular tachycardia with a pulse. The document reviews the history of defibrillation and types of defibrillators, and provides guidance on defibrillation and cardioversion procedures and considerations.
The document defines basic life support (BLS) and outlines the key steps and components of BLS. It explains that BLS includes performing high-quality CPR, using an automated external defibrillator (AED), and relieving an obstructed airway. The "chain of survival" is introduced as assessing response, activating emergency services, performing chest compressions, checking airway/breathing, defibrillating if needed, and continuing resuscitation until help arrives. Key BLS maneuvers like chest compressions, rescue breathing, and AED use are summarized.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a basic life support technique used to manually maintain brain and heart function until further medical help arrives. It involves chest compressions to pump the heart and artificial ventilation to oxygenate the lungs. The steps of CPR include assessing for unresponsiveness, checking for breathing and pulse, calling for help, performing chest compressions at a rate of 100-120 per minute, and giving rescue breaths in a 30:2 ratio. Advanced life support may involve use of an automated external defibrillator, endotracheal intubation, intravenous drugs and fluids, and other emergency medical interventions to restore normal heart rhythm and breathing. Proper and timely CPR can
This is a brief review of airway management (basics, exams and devices).
Special thanks to Dr. S. Malek for kind sharing of his valuable slides on this topic.
1. The primary action if someone collapses near you is to call for help, remove them from danger, and start CPR.
2. Basic life support (BLS) involves pre-hospital care like CPR to preserve brain function until more advanced care arrives. It aims to save lives and minimize brain damage through early access, CPR, and transport.
3. To prepare an operation bed, extra protective covers are placed and the bed is made open with the top linen folded back and foot end untouched to receive the postoperative patient comfortably and protect from discharges."
Capnografia en arresto cardiaco paro cardiaco, ETCO2 en RCPAna Angel
Este documento resume la evidencia sobre el uso de la capnografía durante el arresto cardiaco. La capnografía puede utilizarse para monitorear la calidad de las compresiones torácicas, predecir el retorno de la circulación espontánea y pronosticar la supervivencia. Varios estudios muestran que valores de ETCO2 menores a 10 mmHg después de 20 minutos de RCP predicen una baja probabilidad de ROSC y supervivencia. Sin embargo, la capnografía no debe utilizarse de forma aislada para decidir cuando finalizar los esfuer
The document discusses updates to chains of survival and treatment algorithms for cardiac arrest. It notes that chains of survival have been modified to be system-specific and different for in-hospital cardiac arrest versus out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Key updates include encouraging bystanders to perform compression-only CPR for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, promoting the use of social media to summon help, and advising healthcare providers to perform steps like checking breathing and pulse simultaneously. Other changes are increasing the upper limit for compression rate and depth during CPR and reducing ventilation rate for advanced airways.
This document discusses cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) techniques and a study that found a combination of vasopressin, steroids, and epinephrine during CPR led to improved outcomes compared to epinephrine alone. It provides details on performing CPR, including chest compressions, ventilation, positioning, and guidelines for adults, children and infants. Videos are referenced to demonstrate CPR and use of an automated external defibrillator. Potential complications of CPR like rib fractures and gastric insufflation are also mentioned.
This document provides guidelines for performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) according to the 2010 American Heart Association guidelines. It outlines the basic steps for performing CPR on adults, children, and infants, including checking for responsiveness, calling for help, checking breathing, beginning chest compressions, providing breaths, using an automated external defibrillator, and relieving choking. The guidelines emphasize compressing at a rate of 100 times per minute and adjusting hand placement and compression depth based on the age of the victim.
CPR involves chest compressions and rescue breathing to circulate oxygenated blood to vital organs until the heart can resume its natural rhythm. It should be performed if a person is unconscious and not breathing. The first step is to call 911 if possible. CPR follows the ABCs - clear the airway, give breaths, and perform chest compressions to restore circulation. Even imperfect CPR is better than no aid, as it can significantly increase the victim's chances of survival until emergency help arrives.
This document provides guidance on performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and basic life support. It outlines the steps of the CAB sequence: checking the airway, looking for breathing, and performing chest compressions. The key steps are to approach safely, check for response, call for help, open the airway, check for breathing, perform 30 chest compressions and give 2 rescue breaths, and continue CPR until advanced help arrives or the rescuer becomes exhausted. Proper CPR techniques and following the outlined sequence are important for successful resuscitation, though complications can still occur.
This document provides information about a seminar on cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR). It defines CPR, discusses its history and purpose, and outlines the main stages and steps of resuscitation including airway management, breathing, circulation, equipment used, causes of cardiac arrest requiring CPR, and the phases of CPR. The document focuses on the basics of CPR including assessment, head-tilt chin-lift, rescue breathing, and external chest compressions.
This document summarizes guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and post-cardiac arrest care. It recommends performing chest compressions at a rate of 100-120 per minute and a depth of 5-6 cm. Delayed ventilation without advanced airways for witnessed arrests with shockable rhythms is also suggested. Coronary angiography should be performed for comatose cardiac arrest patients and targeted temperature management at 32-36 degrees Celsius is recommended for 24 hours. Prognostication can begin 72 hours after cardiac arrest or return to normothermia for temperature-treated patients.
The document summarizes updates to CPR guidelines from 2015, including:
1. For untrained lay rescuers, compression-only CPR is recommended, while trained lay rescuers should provide 30 compressions and 2 breaths.
2. Chest compressions should be performed at a rate of 100-120 per minute for adults, to a depth of at least 2 inches but not more than 2.4 inches.
3. Rescuers should avoid leaning on the chest between compressions to allow full chest wall recoil, and when using an advanced airway one breath should be given every 6 seconds during continuous chest compressions.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) involves three key steps:
1) Assessment of the collapsed victim to determine unresponsiveness and activate emergency services.
2) Performance of chest compressions at a rate of 100-120 per minute and depth of 5-6 cm, allowing full chest recoil between compressions.
3) Use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) as soon as it is available to analyze the heart rhythm and deliver a shock if needed.
This document provides information about Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS). It begins by defining ACLS as a set of clinical interventions for urgently treating cardiac arrest and other life-threatening emergencies, as well as the knowledge and skills to perform those interventions. The document then discusses the American Heart Association protocols that are considered the gold standard for ACLS and how ACLS builds upon the foundation of basic life support. It also reviews the adult and pediatric chains of survival and components of high-quality CPR in BLS before providing details on ACLS interventions like defibrillation, airway management, ventilation, pharmacotherapy, synchronized cardioversion, and post-cardiac arrest care.
This document summarizes guidelines for adult advanced cardiovascular life support. It outlines the key components of basic life support including immediate recognition of cardiac arrest, activation of emergency response, early CPR, and use of an automated external defibrillator. For advanced life support, it describes the treatment of shockable (ventricular fibrillation, pulseless ventricular tachycardia) and non-shockable (asystole, pulseless electrical activity) cardiac arrest rhythms. It also reviews adjuncts to CPR including oxygen supplementation, capnography, ultrasound, and airway management techniques.
Advanced Cardiac life Support ACLS . DR TAREK BELASHHER.Hiba Ashibany
The esophageal-tracheal combitube is an airway device that can be used as an alternative to endotracheal intubation or as a rescue device when endotracheal intubation cannot be accomplished. It has dual lumens, one which passes into the esophagus and one which can pass into the trachea. It can effectively ventilate the lungs in most cases.
Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) involves techniques used to support or restore cardiac function and breathing in a person experiencing cardiac arrest, respiratory failure, or circulatory failure. The summary provides an overview of key aspects of ACLS including:
1. CPR techniques including chest compressions at a rate of 100-120 per minute and depth of at least 2 inches for adults. Early initiation of CPR and defibrillation are emphasized.
2. Advanced life support techniques including tracheal intubation, defibrillation, intravenous access, and medications like epinephrine, atropine, amiodarone to treat shockable and non-shockable cardiac rhythms.
3. Post-cardiac
Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) refers to interventions for urgent treatment of cardiac arrest and other life-threatening emergencies, as well as the knowledge and skills to deploy those interventions. ACLS protocols from the American Heart Association are considered the gold standard and get reviewed every 5 years. BLS with high-quality CPR forms the critical foundation for ACLS. For shockable rhythms like ventricular fibrillation, the ACLS treatment involves defibrillation, CPR, and administration of drugs like epinephrine and amiodarone. For non-shockable rhythms like asystole, ACLS focuses on identifying and treating reversible causes through CPR and medications while providing post-cardiac arrest care.
The document discusses basic life support (BLS) principles and guidelines for responding to medical emergencies. It emphasizes the importance of the chain of survival - early access to help, early CPR, early defibrillation, and early advanced care. When assessing an unconscious patient, the rescuer should check Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability and Exposure. For a patient not breathing, the rescuer should provide 2 rescue breaths after 30 chest compressions. Proper CPR involves pushing hard and fast at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute without interruptions. Effective CPR aims to restore oxygenation, circulation and neurological function until advanced life support can take over.
ADVANCE CARDIAC LIFE SUPPORT BY AKRAM KHANAkram Khan
The document discusses advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) and provides definitions, statistical data, and guidelines regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) techniques including chest compressions, airway management, ventilation, and use of advanced airway devices to support circulation and breathing during cardiac arrest. It emphasizes the importance of high-quality, continuous CPR with minimal interruptions and describes monitoring techniques and treatment algorithms to optimize outcomes for cardiac arrest patients.
Three sentence summary:
Basic life support (BLS) training outlines the steps to take when responding to life-threatening medical emergencies, including assessing the scene, checking responsiveness, calling for help, providing chest compressions, opening the airway, and using an AED if available. BLS focuses on maintaining circulation and breathing through CPR until more advanced medical help arrives. The goal of BLS is to buy time by maintaining CAB (circulation, airway, breathing) until definitive medical treatment can be provided.
The document summarizes updates from the 2015 CPR and ECC guidelines developed by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). Key changes included emphasizing high-quality chest compressions, use of automated external defibrillators, and early defibrillation for cardiac arrest. The guidelines were informed by reviews of over 250 studies and recommendations were made using the GRADE methodology. Updates were provided for defibrillation, airway management, drug administration including epinephrine timing, and post-cardiac arrest care such as targeted temperature management.
Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation (CPCR) for Veterinary Techniciansupstatevet
Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation (CPCR) involves providing artificial respiration and circulation to an animal that is not breathing and has no heartbeat. The document discusses CPCR outcomes, who is at risk, basic life support techniques like chest compressions and airway management, advanced techniques like drug administration and defibrillation, and the RECOVER initiative to improve resuscitation practices. Successful CPCR requires staff preparedness through training, having necessary equipment and supplies readily available, and effective teamwork during a resuscitation attempt.
This document summarizes key points from an ACLS continuing education presentation on treating acute coronary syndromes. It discusses the importance of BLS/CPR in the chain of survival for cardiac arrest patients. Early recognition, bystander CPR, early defibrillation if VFib/VTach present, and post-resuscitation care including hypothermia treatment and reperfusion if STEMI are critical for good outcomes after ROSC. The document reviews AHA guidelines for cardiac arrest treatment including defibrillation and drug therapy like epinephrine and amiodarone for shockable rhythms and epinephrine for non-shockable rhythms like asystole/PEA.
Basic life support (BLS) involves immediate recognition of sudden cardiac arrest, early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and rapid defibrillation. The BLS sequence is to check for responsiveness, activate emergency services, check for breathing, and begin chest compressions and rescue breaths in a 30:2 ratio. An automated external defibrillator (AED) should be used as soon as available to analyze rhythms and deliver shocks if needed. BLS aims to restore circulation through uninterrupted chest compressions, open airways, and rescue breathing until more advanced care arrives.
The document summarizes key changes and recommendations from the 2015 American Heart Association (AHA) Resuscitation Guidelines. Some of the major updates include: emphasizing high-quality chest compressions; allowing higher maximum compression rates of 100-120/min; delaying ventilation for initial continuous compressions; and cautioning on prognostication after resuscitation given new therapies. The guidelines are based on an extensive evidence review process involving hundreds of international participants. While manual CPR remains standard, mechanical devices may be considered in specific settings. Areas for further research are identified around physiologic monitoring during CPR and post-resuscitation care.
Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)&Sudden cardiac death (SCD)Abdullah Ansari
INTRODUCTION
SCD : Definition
Epidemiology
Etiology
THE INITIAL ASSESSMENT
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT
CPR Steps
SELF-ASSESSMENT FOR BLS
ADVANCED CARDIAC LIFE SUPPORT
PRINCIPLES OF EARLY DEFIBRILLATION
AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR
SELF-ASSESSMENT FOR ACLS
This document provides information on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and protocols for basic life support (BLS) and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS). It outlines the steps for BLS, including chest compressions, airway management, rescue breathing, and use of an automated external defibrillator. It then describes ACLS, which aims to diagnose the cause of cardiac arrest and provide cause-specific treatment while continuing BLS efforts. Key drugs and procedures covered in ACLS are also summarized, such as defibrillation, intubation, vasopressors like epinephrine, and antiarrhythmics like amiodarone and lidocaine. The document emphasizes the importance of high-quality C
Similar to Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR- AHA 2015) (20)
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
In critical moments where every second counts, the knowledge and skills to perform Adult Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) can make the difference between life and irreversible damage. This comprehensive presentation, titled "Adult CPR Techniques: A Comprehensive Guide (BLS-ACLS-Post CPR)," available on SlideShare, delves into the intricacies of adult CPR, offering a well-rounded overview of Basic Life Support (BLS), Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS), and the crucial post-CPR procedures.
The presentation is meticulously designed to cater to healthcare professionals, first responders, and individuals seeking a comprehensive understanding of adult CPR techniques. Starting with the fundamental principles of BLS, the slides explore step-by-step instructions for delivering effective chest compressions and rescue breaths. The integration of up-to-date guidelines ensures that viewers are equipped with the most accurate and evidence-based practices.
Transitioning into the realm of ACLS, the presentation delves into the advanced interventions necessary for managing cardiac arrest situations. Topics such as defibrillation, drug administration, and airway management are covered in depth, empowering viewers to make informed decisions and take appropriate actions during critical moments.
Furthermore, the post-CPR segment of the presentation highlights the essential steps to follow once successful resuscitation has occurred. From monitoring vital signs to providing appropriate care, this section addresses the critical period following CPR and emphasizes the significance of ongoing support and medical attention.
The presentation employs a blend of engaging visuals, explanatory diagrams, and succinct textual content to facilitate a holistic learning experience. Whether you're a medical professional aiming to refresh your skills, a student delving into life-saving techniques, or an individual concerned with being prepared for emergencies, this slide deck offers an invaluable resource for acquiring and reinforcing essential knowledge.
In summary, "Adult CPR Techniques: A Comprehensive Guide (BLS-ACLS-Post CPR)" is a comprehensive SlideShare presentation that meticulously covers the entire spectrum of adult CPR, ranging from Basic Life Support and Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support techniques to vital post-CPR considerations. By exploring this presentation, you'll be better equipped to respond effectively to cardiac emergencies and contribute to saving lives within your community.
Encountering a Neglected Area of a Healthcare System: A Decade of Improvement...Saeid Safari
1st Mahak International Cancer Pain management Congress
3 Feb 2016
Published in https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27515841/
cancer pain in developing countries
Anesthetic management of spina bifida Saeid Safari
This document discusses several congenital and degenerative diseases of the vertebral column and spinal cord. It describes spina bifida occulta as an incomplete formation of a single lamina that often produces no symptoms. Meningocele and myelomeningocele result from failure of the neural tube to close, herniating meninges and neural elements. Myelomeningocele is the most common severe birth defect of the spine. The document also discusses conditions associated with spina bifida like latex allergy, anesthetic considerations for these patients, and tethered spinal cord syndrome caused by abnormal spinal cord attachments.
How to prevent acute pain developing into chronic pain,
How to treat pain without resorting to opioids
How genetics, diet, and lifestyle all influence a person’s pain and whether it will become chronic.
How patterns of gene expression predict pain
How Big data can tell us about why people transition from acute to chronic pain
The document discusses improving safety standards for office-based surgery and anesthesia. It notes a lack of uniform regulation has led to increasing complexity of cases performed in office settings. It introduces the Institute for Safety in Office Based Surgery, a non-profit established in 2009 to promote patient safety, develop tools for risk detection, and encourage physician education and evidence-based standards of care. It also references the high-profile case of Joan Rivers' death from complications during an outpatient procedure.
Ambulatory Anesthesia and Non–Operating Room Anesthesia (NORA)Saeid Safari
GUIDELINES FOR AMBULATORY ANESTHESIA AND SURGERY (American Society of Anesthesiologists)
GUIDELINES FOR AMBULATORY ANESTHESIA AND SURGERY
Non–Operating Room Anesthesia (NORA)
This document discusses patient selection criteria and preoperative assessment and preparation for ambulatory anesthesia. It covers suitable procedures, duration limits, patient characteristics, contraindications, preoperative evaluation, and both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic preparation. For patient selection, it recommends considering factors like procedure type, duration, medical history, age and contraindications. It also discusses anxiolysis, sedation, preemptive analgesia and preventing nausea for premedication. The goal is to safely perform procedures as outpatients and facilitate early recovery.
Airway Management of Pregnant Patient in Cesarean SectionSaeid Safari
1) The document discusses managing difficult airways during emergency cesarean sections, with a focus on failed intubation. It presents a case where intubation failed but ventilation was successfully maintained using a laryngeal mask.
2) It identifies that pregnancy increases the risks of difficult intubation, desaturation, and aspiration. Careful pre-anesthesia airway evaluation is important but imperfect. Factors like obesity, preeclampsia, and physical changes in pregnancy can complicate intubation.
3) The document outlines algorithms for managing unexpected difficult intubation and "cannot intubate, cannot ventilate" situations. It discusses using face masks, supraglottic airways, and ultimately
- Thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) involves injecting local anesthetic alongside thoracic vertebrae to block spinal and sympathetic nerves, providing anesthesia for chest and abdominal procedures.
- Hugo Sellheim pioneered TPVB in 1905, though it fell out of favor mid-20th century before renewed interest in 1979.
- TPVB is now used for surgical anesthesia and analgesia in children and is effective for procedures like breast surgery, thoracotomy, and herniorrhaphy.
- Ultrasound guidance can help identify relevant anatomy like ribs and pleura to safely perform TPVB, reducing risks like pneumothorax.
This document provides background information and details on the technique of performing a transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block. It begins with an overview of the TAP block, including its original description and subsequent modifications using ultrasound guidance. Next, it discusses the indications for TAP blocks, including postoperative analgesia for various abdominal surgeries. The anatomy section describes the layers and nerves of the abdominal wall targeted by the block. Finally, the technique section outlines the materials, patient positioning, ultrasound probe placement, needle insertion, and local anesthetic injection steps to perform a TAP block.
How to Conduct a Literature Review (ISRAPM 2014)Saeid Safari
The document provides guidance on conducting a literature review, including how to search references in medical journals. It discusses selecting appropriate information resources and databases for primary studies. It outlines a 7-step process for conducting a systematic literature review, including selecting research questions, choosing search terms, applying screening criteria, and synthesizing results. Key tips are provided for developing an effective search strategy and evaluating sources.
Spinal anesthesia (Anatomy and Pharmacology) Saeid Safari
This document discusses spinal anesthesia anatomy, pharmacology, and techniques. It covers spinal cord and epidural space anatomy, spinal artery and vein anatomy, and anatomical variations. It discusses the classification, properties, doses, and durations of various local anesthetics used for spinal anesthesia including short, intermediate, and long-acting agents. It also covers spinal anesthetic additives like opioids, and vasoconstrictors and their effects.
the
head
of
the
bed
to
30
degrees.
The document discusses anesthesia considerations for trauma patients. It notes that trauma is a leading cause of death worldwide and anesthesiologists are involved in trauma care from the emergency department through the operating room and intensive care unit. Anesthesia for trauma patients differs from routine cases as they often present off-hours, with limited information, multiple injuries requiring complex procedures. The document outlines priorities for trauma care including the ABCDE approach, indications for intubation, approaches to intubation, and prophylaxis against aspiration given trauma patients' risk of full stomachs.
Pain Management (General concepts and primary discussions)Saeid Safari
This document provides an overview of pain medicine. It defines pain and discusses its epidemiology, economics, and physiological effects. It describes acute and chronic pain, including their presentations and pathophysiology. Neuropathic and nociceptive pain are major categories discussed. Pain pathways and the gate control theory of pain are also summarized. Psychiatric comorbidities with chronic pain are noted.
Evidence-based Interventional Pain Medicine
according to Clinical Diagnoses
13. Sacroiliac Joint Pain
Pascal Vanelderen, MD, FIPP*,†; Karolina Szadek, MD‡; Steven P. Cohen, MD§;
Jan De Witte, MD¶; Arno Lataster, MSc**; Jacob Patijn, MD, PHD††;
Nagy Mekhail, MD PhD, FIPP‡‡; Maarten van Kleef, MD, PhD, FIPP††;
Jan Van Zundert, MD, PhD, FIPP*,††
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.Gokuldas Hospital
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis - Pathogenesis , Clinical Features & Manage...Jim Jacob Roy
In this presentation , SBP ( spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ) , which is a common complication in patients with cirrhosis and ascites is described in detail.
The reference for this presentation is Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Textbook ( 11th edition ).
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s PerspectiveGolden Helix
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)MuskanShingari
Statistics- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.
A statistics is a measure which is used to estimate the population parameter
Parameters-It is used to describe the properties of an entire population.
Examples-Measures of central tendency Dispersion, Variance, Standard Deviation (SD), Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Eigen Value
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.Gokuldas Hospital
Respiratory issues like asthma are the most sensitive issue that is affecting millions worldwide. It hampers the daily activities leaving the body tired and breathless.
The key to a good grip on asthma is proper knowledge and management strategies. Understanding the patient-specific symptoms and carving out an effective treatment likewise is the best way to keep asthma under control.
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and SynonymsPlanet Ayurveda
Giloy, also known as Guduchi or Amrita in classical Ayurvedic texts, is a revered herb renowned for its myriad health benefits. It is categorized as a Rasayana, meaning it has rejuvenating properties that enhance vitality and longevity. Giloy is celebrated for its ability to boost the immune system, detoxify the body, and promote overall wellness. Its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant properties make it a staple in managing conditions like fever, diabetes, and stress. The versatility and efficacy of Giloy in supporting health naturally highlight its importance in Ayurveda. At Planet Ayurveda, we provide a comprehensive range of health services and 100% herbal supplements that harness the power of natural ingredients like Giloy. Our products are globally available and affordable, ensuring that everyone can benefit from the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda. If you or your loved ones are dealing with health issues, contact Planet Ayurveda at 01725214040 to book an online video consultation with our professional doctors. Let us help you achieve optimal health and wellness naturally.
2. OBJECTIVES
• At the end of this course:
participants should be able to demonstrate:
• How to assess the collapsed victim
• How to perform chest compression and use AED
• How to approach to the pulseless arrest patients
3.
4.
5. This “Guidelines Highlights” publication
summarizes the key issues and changes in
the 2015 American Heart Association (AHA)
Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary
Resuscitation (CPR) and Emergency
Cardiovascular Care (EGG).
“Guidelines Highlights”
6.
7. Systems of Care and Continuous Quality
Improvement
• Components of a System of Care
• Universal elements of a system of care have been identified to
provide stakeholders with a common framework with which
to assemble an integrated resuscitation system
• Chains of Survival
• Separate Chains of Survival (Figure 4) have been
recommended that identify the different pathways of care for
patients who experience cardiac arrest in the hospital as
distinct from out-of-hospital settings.
10. CPR Training: Classes
• Routine: Training 1st hand learner or refreshment courses for lay
personnel
• Management: Training CPR managers
• Standardization: Developing local or provinential standards
• Guideline Development: Developing national, regional,
continental, or international guidelines
11. CPR Steps: Definitions
Progressive Vital Organ Detoriation
PreCPR
Cardiac Arrest
CPR
Return Of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC)
Po st CPR
Vital Organ Function Stability
12. Special Thanks to Dr. Babak Foroutan
for the interesting insightful talk about PreCPR section
13. Recognition &
Activation of
the Emergency
Response
System
Basic &
Advanced
Medical
Services
Rapid
Defibrillation
Immediate
High Quality
CPR
Integrated
post-cardiac
arrest care
Recognition &
Activation of
the Emergency
Response
System
Surveillance
& Prevention
Immediate
High Quality
CPR
Rapid
Defibrillation
Advanced
Life Support
& Post-Arrest
Care
14. PreCPR: Updates
• Early Warning Sign System (Track & Trigger)
2010 Conflicting evidence, expert recommendation
2015 May be considered for adult and children
• Medical Emergency Team (MET) or Rapid Response Team
(RRT)
2010 Questionable
2015 Beneficial in adult & pediatric
15. PreCPR: Rationale
• Preventing cardiac arrest, most effective compared to CPR or
PostCPR, in pts’ survival and post discharge condition.
• Preventing cardiac arrest, least costly compared to CPR or
PostCPR , in pts’ survival and post discharge condition.
• Cardiopulmonary arrest is frequently preceded by PreCPR
mismanagement, therefore is preventable.
17. PreCPR: Steps
I. “Triage” Pts
I. Detect Pts “A t R i s k ” of cardiac arrest
II. Exclude “ D N R ” Pts
II. Define “Tracking” measures
I. Dz Oriented Monitors
II. Frequency of Evaluation
III. Define “ N o R e s p o n s e ”, “A l e r t ”, a n d “A c t i o n ” criteria for each monitor
III. Define “Triggering” responses
I. Determine “ I n C h a r g e ” Physician(s)
II. Define “ M E T ” activating criteria
III. Document “ P r o o f o f E f f e c t i v e n e s s ( P O E ) ” criteria
IV. Determine “ P e r i o d i c P O E ” interval
18. Vital Organ Failure +
I. Dz: Progressive
II. Pts Mental Status:
I. Frightened
II. Delirious
I. Agitated
II. Disconnected
III. Disorientated
I. Treatment:
I. Poorly or Not
Effective (Wrong
Rx?)
II. Vital
III. Fatal Complications
PreCPR: At Risk Criteria
22. Assessment & ERS Activation
1. Establish Unresponsiveness
Sudden Loss of Consciousness + Abn. Respiration
vs
Tap, Shake, Shout
2. Call for Help
2010 Step by step activation of ERS consequentially
2015 Simultaneous assessment of responsiveness, pulse, & breathing
before & while activating ERS
41. CPR (BLS)
Essential Actions:
• Chest Wall Compression
• Early Defibrillation
• Cause Based Tailoring
2010 Chest compression + Rescue breaths for cardiac arrest
2015 Chest compression + Rescue breaths for cardiac arrest of
cardiac or non-cardiac cause. HCP can tailor CC,RB, & AED
sequence to cause
65. RESCUE BREATHS
• Pinch the nose
• Take a normal breath
• Place lips over mouth
• Blow until the chest rises
• Avoid excessive ventilation
• Take about 1 second
• Allow chest to fall
• Repeat
68. IF YOU HAVE NOT TENDENCY TO BREATHE
Chest compression only
69. Hands Only CPR
• Needs less training
• Maximize cardiac output
• Encourage bystander CPR
• Not recommended for HCP in case of asphyxic
arrest (children, drowning, toxicity)
92. Electrode Placement
4 pad positions
• Anterolateral,
• Anteroposterior,
• Anterior-left Infrascapular, And
• Anterior-rightinfrascapular
• For adults, an electrode size of 8 to 12 cm is reasonable
(Class IIa, LOE B).
• Any of the 4 pad positions is reasonable for defibrillation
(Class IIa, LOE B).
93.
94. Defibrillation
• Biphasic wave form: 120- 200 J
• Monophasic wave form: 360 J
• AED- device specific
• Failure of a single adequate shock to restore a pulse should be followed by
continued CPR and second shock delivered after five cycles of CPR
• If cardiac arrest still persist- patient is intubated and IV/IO access achieved
95. Defibrillation Sequence
• Turn the AED on.
• Follow the AED prompts.
• Resume chest compressions immediately after the
shock(minimize interruptions).
96. 1-Shock Protocol Versus 3-Shock Sequence
• Evidence from 2 well-conducted pre/post design studies
suggested significant survival benefit with the single shock
defibrillation protocol compared with 3-stacked-shock protocols
• If 1 shock fails to eliminate VF, the incremental benefit of another
shock is low, and resumption of CPR is likely to confer a greater
value than another shock
99. Airway and Ventilations
• Opening airway – Head tilt, chin lift or jaw thrust, in addition
explore the airway for foreign bodies, dentures and remove them.
Consider oropharyngeal tube placement.
• The Health care provider should open the airway and give rescue
breaths with chest compressions
100. Rescue breaths
• By mouth-to-mouth or bag-mask
• Deliver each rescue breath over 1 second
• Give a sufficient tidal volume to produce visible chest rise
• Use a compression to ventilation ratio of 30 chest compressions
to 2 ventilations
• After advanced airway is placed, rescue breaths given
asynchronus with ventilation
• 1 breath every 6 to 8 seconds (about 8 to 10 breaths per minute)
101.
102. Breathing devices
• Plastic oropharyngeal airways
• Esophageal obturators
• Ambu bag- usual method for continuing breathing in hospital
before ET tube can be inserted.
• Endotracheal tube
103.
104. Routes of Administration
• Peripheral IV – easiest to insert during CPR, must followed by 20
ml NS push
• Central IV – fast onset of action, but do not wait or waste time for
CV line
• Intraosseous – alternative IV route in peds, also in Adult
• Intratracheally (down an ET tube)- not recommended now a days
•
105.
106. Monitoring During CPR
Physiologic parameters
• Monitoring of PETCO2 (35 to 40 mmHg)
• Coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) (15mmHg)
• Central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2)
• Abrupt increase in any of these parameters is a sensitive
indicator of ROSC that can be monitored without interrupting
chest compressions
107. Quantitative waveform capnography
• If Petco2 <10 mm Hg, attempt to improve CPR quality
Intra-arterial pressure
• If diastolic pressure <20 mm Hg, attempt to improve CPR
quality
• If ScvO2 is < 30%, consider trying to improve the quality of
CPR
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113. I. Automated Chest
Compression Devices
II. AED vs Classic
Defibrillator
III. Airway Management
Devices
I. LMA, EO, Combi Tube
II. Video Laryngoscope
IV. Ventilators
V. Drugs
I. Vasopressors of
Choice
II. Infusion vs Bolus
Drugs
VI. Monitors
I. ECG
II. ETCO2
CPR (ALS): Instruments & Drugs
114. Preventing Dis-organization
Reducing Group Stress
Crowd Controls
Using Experienced
Providers
Conducting ORDERS:
Pls, YOU: 200 J Shock
Repeat by provider:
Shock 200 J
Ready
Clear
Delivered
CPR (ALS): Leadership
B. Forootan M.D.
116. Fibrinolytic Rx
Alkaline Rx
Fluid Rx
Mg, Ca
Supplemental O2
Vasopressor
Antiarrhythmic
CPR (ALS): DRUG Rx
Primary: Effective Contraction (Antiarrhythmia)
Optional: Problem oriented Cardiac Support
117. CPR (ALS): DRUG Rx
Vasopressin
2010 40U IV/IO replaces 1st or 2nd doses of Epinephrine
2015 No advantage in replacing Epinephrine
Epinephrine
2015 ASAP in initial non-shockable rhythms
118. • ECG:
• Arrhythmia/Ischemia
detection & Rx
• ETCO2:
• OTT Confirmation
• <10mmHg Dx: No ROSC
• ScvO2:
• >30% to maintain CPP
• VBG:
• Normal Values
• SpO2
CPR (ALS): Monitoring for ROSC
(High Quality CPR)
No Value In Cardiac Arrest!
121. PostCPR: Components
The 4 key components of post cardiac arrest syndrome are:
I. Post cardiac arrest brain injury
II. Post cardiac arrest myocardial dysfunction
III. Systemic ischemia/reperfusion response
IV. Persistent precipitating pathology
B. Forootan M.D.
122. PostCPR: Phases
ROSC
Immediate: Reperfusion, Oxidants & Endotoxin
20 min
Early: Tissue Oxidation, ATP Production Blockage, Oxidant Production
6-12hrs
Intermediate: MSOF Manifestation
72hrs
Recovery: MSOF Resolution
Disposition
Rehabilitation: Post ICU, Post discharge
123.
124. Dx & Rx of Arrest Cause
Inotrope & Ventilator
Weaning
MSOF Rx & Prevention
Acid Base & Electrolyte
Correction
Fluid Management
Tissue
Oxygenation/Perfusion
Stability
Temperature Management
Glycemic Control
Convulsion Rx &
Prevention
Coronary Reperfusion
PostCPR: Goals
Primary:
Stop Damage Process (1st Hr)
Targeted:
Rx of Underlying Cause (After Primary)
125. PostCPR: Updates
• Angiography
2010 Primary PCI & Fibrinolytic Rx even in coma
2015 ASAP angiography regardless of LOC
• Prognostication
2010 No specific time for prognostication
2015 At least 72hrs for cases of TTM or non-TTM
• TTM
2010 TTM 32-34 in OH arrests for 12-24h, or IH arrests with initial rhythms
2015 TTM 32-36⁰C in all comatose for 24h
B. Forootan M.D.
126. Coronary angiography
• Should be performed emergently for OHCA pt c suspected cardiac
etiology of arrest & ST elevation on ECG
• Emergency coronary angiography is reasonable for select adult pt
who comatose after OHCA of suspected cardiac origin but without
ST elevation on ECG
127. Targeted temperature management
• All comatose adult pt with ROSC after cardiac arrest should have
TTM, with a target temperature between 32-36 ◦C selected and
achieved, then maintained constantly for at least 24 hr
128.
129. Continuing temperature management beyond 24 hr
• Actively preventing fever in comatose pt after TTM
Out-of-hospital cooling
• not recommend
130. Hemodynamics goals after resuscitation
• Avoid and immediately correct hypotension
• (SBP <90 mm HG, MAP <65 mm Hg)
131.
132. Organ donation
• All Patient who are resuscitated from cardiac arrest but who
subsequently progress to death or brain death should be
evaluated as potential organ donors.