2020 Lecture

1. Unit 16: Birth of
New Nations/
Decolonization
Lakewood High School
World History Honors
Ms. Samm

2. India
1. This was a British colony for almost
200 years!
2. Sent Indians to the front lines in
WWI without first talking to them;
which really ticked them off!
3. This helped lead to a nationalistic
view.

4. Religion and Politics
1. 350 million Hindus in India that primarily
belong to the Congress Party.
2. 100 million Muslims in India that
primarily belong to the Muslim League.
3. Though both sides had trouble trusting
each other, they both believed in
independence from the British.

5. Amritsar Massacre
1. April 13, 1919; Hindus and Muslims
came together to protest the British
laws that limited their freedoms.
2. The British fired into the crowd and
killed almost 400 people while
wounding over 1,200.
3. Anger erupted throughout India, and
millions now demanded
independence.

7. Mohandas K. Gandhi
1. He was the Indian leader of the Indian
independence movement.
2. Civil Disobedience: this is the refusal
to obey certain laws because you think
that it is unjust; normally coupled with
non-violence.
3. He was eventually assassinated by a
fellow Hindu because he cared about
Muslims “too much.”

9. DO NOT WRITE!
What American Civil
Rights leader followed
the practices of Gandhi?

10. Boycotts and Strikes
1. Gandhi called on all Indians to stop
buying British products, paying British
taxes, and attending British schools.
2. The biggest impact came when he asked
people to make their own clothes and to
not buy any British cloth.
3. This economic boycott hurt the British
tremendously.

11. Salt March
1. Salt Acts: British law that states that
Indians could ONLY buy British salt,
and had to pay a sales tax on it.
2. Gandhi and his followers walked 240
miles to the sea, collected seawater,
and let the water evaporate to get
their own salt and not buy British.

13. 3. The protestors who tried to shut
the British salt processing plant
down were brutalized and beaten
by the police, even when they did
not defend themselves.
4. Over 60,000 people, including
Gandhi, were arrested.

15. Government of India Act
1. This act gave limited democratic
elections and local self-
government to India in 1935.
2. Did not totally satisfy Indians and
led to tensions between Muslims
and Hindus.

16. Partition
1. In July 16, 1947, due to the riots
between the Muslims and Hindus,
the British came up with an idea to
separate the Indian subcontinent:
 Muslims- Pakistan (and eventually
Bangladesh)
 Hindus- the rest of India

19. Jawaharlal Nehru
1. He was India’s first independent
Prime Minister of the world’s
largest democracy.
2. He led India for 17 years.
3. Worked for Cold War neutrality,
industrialization, unity, and
democracy.

20. Nehru and
Gandhi
in
1942

21. END OF LECTURE
DAY 1

22. Israel

24. Homeland
1. Diaspora: the dispersal of Jews
throughout the centuries.
2. Zionists: believe that Jews should
have their own country in the area
that was once their homeland.
3. Balfour Declaration: 1917 promise
that Britain made to give a Jewish
homeland in Palestine.

25. Palestine Mandate
1. In 1947 the UN split the Palestine
into an Arab part and a Jewish
part.
2. Palestinian Arabs rejected this
idea and said that the UN didn’t
have the right to do this.
3. May 14, 1948 Israel became an
independent country.

28. Arab-Israeli Wars
1. The day after Israel declared
itself a new country, 6 Islamic
countries: Egypt, Iraq, Jordan,
Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Syria
declared war and invaded them.

29. 6-Day War
1. June 5, 1967 Gamal Abdel Nasser, the
leader of Egypt, threatened to attack
Israel.
2. While the armies were waiting outside
the Israeli border, Israel struck Arab
airfields and then had ground forces
attack.
3. Israel gained a lot of land but expected
to exchange it for a Peace Treaty.

33. Yom Kippur War
1. Anwar Sadat: the leader of
Egypt after Nasser.
2. He led surprise attack on Israel
on Yom Kippur of 1973 and took
a lot of territory.

34. Anwar Sadat

36. PLO
1. Palestine Liberation Organization.
2. At first it was teachers and lawyers,
but then it turned militant and the
organization said that the only way
to win was to fight.
3. The PLO was responsible for many
terrorist activities against Israel.

37. Camp David Accords
1. This was a Treaty between Anwar Sadat
and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem
Begin.
2. It gave the Sinai Peninsula back to Egypt
in exchange for recognition of Israel as a
legitimate country.
3. 1st signed Agreement between Israel and
an Arab country, but some were unhappy,
and Sadat was assassinated in 1981.

39. 4. It did not stop the
bombings and violence in
Israel from the PLO.

40. Oslo Peace Accords
1. In 1993, peace talks between Israel
and Palestinians began again.
2. This Accord gave self-rule in the
Gaza Strip and the West Bank to the
Palestinians in exchange for a
promise to end the terrorist activity
and recognize Israel; it didn’t work.

43. END OF LECTURE
DAY 2

44. Iran

46. Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi
1. The Shah accepted money and
other gifts from “Western”
countries like America and Great
Britain.
2. Iranian Nationalists didn’t like it
and rioted.
3. The Shah tried to oppress the
rioters, but was forced to flee
instead.

47. Shah Reza

48. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
1. He was a religious man and leader of
the Iranian Revolution.
2. He believed in a strict adherence to
Islam and promoted a hatred of the
US.
3. The Shah put him in exile but sent
recorded tapes which led to riots.

49. Ayatollah Khomeini

50. US Hostage Crisis
1. On November 4, 1979,
revolutionaries stormed the US
Embassy and took 66 hostages
captive.
2. They kept them for 444 days and
demanded the Shah return to Iran to
face trial and execution, but he
didn’t.

53. u

54. Afghanistan
1. Taliban: an Islamic group that followed
an extreme interpretation of Islamic
(Sharia) Law.
2. They restricted women's lives by not
letting them go to school or have jobs;
banned TV, movies, and modern music.
3. They have been accused of allowing
terrorist groups to train in Afghanistan,
including Al-Qaeda and Osama bin Laden.

56. Video Quiz: Khomeini
Declassified
 45:11 video run time
 You must complete the video quiz. Point WILL BE
deducted for missing responses @ 4 points each
 Video link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGDyQ4B-
EU0&t=1304s

57. END OF LECTURE
DAY 3