1. BIO SENSORS
GUIDED BY
PROF. SANDEEP PARIYANI
DEPARTMENT OF E&C,
MEFGI-RAJKOT.
PREPARED BY
DHAVAL B. MAJITHIA
PARTH M. JAKHRIYA
SAGAR V. TAMALIYA

2. SENSOR
A sensor that integrates a biological element with a
physiochemical transducer to produce an electronic signal
proportional to a single analytic which is then conveyed to a
detector

3. BIO SENSOR
A Biosensor is a self-contained Integrated Device that is capable
of providing specific quantitative or semi- quantitative analytical
information using a bio logical element which is contact with a
transduction element.
This is a device that uses specific biochemical reaction to detect
chemical compound in biological compound.

4. FATHER OF BIO SENSOR
Leland C. Clark Jr. (1918–2005) was
an American biochemist born in
Rochester.
He is most well known as the
inventor of the Clark Electrode, a
device used for measuring oxygen in
blood, water and other liquids.
Professor Leland C Clark Jnr

5. BASIC CHARACTERISTICS
 LINEARITY: Linearity of the sensor should be high for the detection
of high substrate concentration.
 SENSITIVITY: The Value of the electrode response per substrate
concentration.
 SELECTIVITY: Chemicals Interference must be minimized for
obtaining the correct result.
 RESPONSE TIME: Time necessary for having 95% of the response.

6. SENSING TECHNIQUES
Fluorescence
DNA Microarray
SPR Surface plasmon resonance
Impedance spectroscopy
SPM (Scanning probe microscopy, AFM,STM)
QCM (Quartz crystal microbalance)
SERS (Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy)
Electrochemical

7. COMPONENTS OF BIOSENSOR
The Three main components of biosensors are:
•Biological element: For sensing the presence and concentration of a
substance.
•Transducer: The product of interaction of biological component and
sample may be a suitable chemical, charge etc., which can be
converted by transducer into an electrical signal.
•Associated Electronic Devices: The electrical signal may be further
amplified and can be read on digital panels

8. BIO SENSORS
Glucose Monitoring Device
Glucose Monitoring Device is used to
monitors the glucose level in the blood.
It is mostly useful for diabetes patient to
know his/her diabetes level so the doctor
treat them well as soon as possible.

9. RING SENSOR
It is a pulse proximetry, i.e. it monitors the
oxygen saturation. It is based on the concept of
photoconductor.
Principles :-
Blood pressure pulse causes vessel wall
displacement. Detection pulsatile blood volume
changes by photoelectric method by photo
resistor Connected as a part of voltage divider
circuit and produces a voltage that varies with the
amount of blood in the finger.

10. WORKING OF RING SENSOR
In order to detect blood volume changes due to heart contraction and
expansion by photoelectric method, normally photo resistors are used.
Light is emitted by LED and transmitted through the artery and the
resistance of photo resistor is determined by the amount of light reaching it.
Oxygenated blood absorb more light than deoxygenated blood
A noise cancellation filter is used to cancel the noise due to motion of the
finger.

11. ADVANTAGES
 Continuous monitoring.
 Easy to use.
 Reducing hospitalization fee
DISADVANTAGES
 Initial cost is high.
 Limited number of physiological
parameters can be monitored.

12. SMART SHIRTS
It is also known as GTWM i.e. Georgia
Tech Wearable Motherboard.
This GTWM (smart shirt) provides an
extremely versatile framework for the
incorporation of sensing, monitoring
and information processing devices.
.It is used to integrate sensors for monitoring the vital signs like
temperature, heart rate and respiration rate.
It uses optical fibers to detect bullet wounds and special sensors and
interconnects to monitor the body vital signs during combat conditions

13. WORKING OF SMART SHIRT
A combat soldier sensor to his body, pulls the smart shirt on, and attaches
the sensors to the smart shirt.
A “signal” is sent from one end of the plastic optical fiber to a receiver at the
other end. The emitter and the receiver are connected to a Personal Status
Monitor (psm) worn at the hip level by the soldier.
If the light from the emitter does not reach the receiver inside the PSM, it
signifies that the smart shirt has been penetrated (i.e.; the soldier has been
shot).
The signal bounces back to the PSM forum the point of penetration, helping
the medical personnel pinpoint the exact location the solider wounds.

14. ADVANTAGES
 Continuous monitoring.
 Right Treatment at the right time
 Easy to wear and takeoff.
DISADVANTAGES
 Initial cost is high
 Battery life is less

15. APPLICATIONS
 Food Analysis
 Study of biomolecules and their interaction
 Drug Development
 Crime detection
 Medical diagnosis
 Environmental field monitoring
 Quality control
 Industrial Process Control
 Detection systems for biological warfare agents
 Manufacturing of pharmaceuticals and replacement organs
Detection of toxic metabolites such as fungi
Remote sensing of airborne bacteria e.g. in counter-bioterrorist activities

16. CONCLUSION
It is applied to restricted area of potential market.
The limitations is Sensitivity And battery life.
This is advanced technologies such as the smart shirt have at partial to
dramatically alter its landscape of healthcare delivery and at practice of
medicine as we know them today.
It is leading to the realization of “Affordable Healthcare, Any place,
Anytime, Anyone”.

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