This tells about working and types of Biosensors

1. Wearable Biosensors
the device that can collect data.
By
Vinay Chowdary.A
Engineer

2. Contents
 Introduction
 Need for a wearable biosensor
 What is Wearable Biosensor
 Components of a Biosensor
 Ring Sensor
 Smart Shirt
 Future trends
 Conclusion
 References

3. Introduction
 Use of wearable monitoring devices allow continuous
monitoring of physiological signals
 Wearable systems are totally non-obtrusive devices that allow
physicians to overcome the limitations of ambulatory technology
 Detects events predictive of possible worsening of
the patient’s clinical situations

4. Need for a wearable biosensor
 Remote monitoring of patients
 Training support for athletes
 Monitoring of individuals who work with
hazardous elements
 Tracking of professional truck driver’s vital signs to
alert them of fatigue

5. What is wearable biosensor ?
Wearable Biosensor = Wearable + Biosensor
 Biosensor is an analytical
device used for detection
of analyte.
 e.g. Blood Glucose
Detector
Biosensor
 Object that can be worn
on body.
 e.g. wrist watches, ring,
shirts etc.
Wearable

6. Wearable Biosensor
 Wearable monitoring devices that allow continuous
monitoring of physiological signals.
 They rely on wireless sensors enclosed in items that can be
worn, such as ring or shirt.
 The data sets recorded using these systems are then processed
to detect patient’s clinical situations.
 Biosensor is an analytical device, which converts a
biological response into electrical signal.

7. Components Of Wearable Biosensor
Three main components of wearable biosensors are:
 Biological element: For sensing the presence and concentration
of a substance.
 Transducer: The product of interaction of biological component
and sample may be a suitable chemical, charge etc., which can
be converted by transducer into an electrical signal.
 Associated Electronic Devices: The electrical signal may be
further amplified and can be read on digital panels

8. Types Of Wearable Biosensor
Ring Sensor:
It allows one to continuously
monitor heart rate and oxygen saturation.
The device is shaped like a ring.
 Smart Shirt:
This technology has been used to
integrate sensors for monitoring the vital
signs like temperature, heart rate and
respiration rate.

9. About Ring Sensor
 It is a pulse oximetry, i.e.
it monitors the oxygen saturation.
 It is based on the concept of
photoconductor.
Principles :-
 Blood pressure pulse causes vessel wall displacement.
 Detection pulsatile blood volume changes by photoelectric
method by photo resistor
 Connected as a part of voltage divider circuit and produces a
voltage that varies with the amount of blood in the finger.

10. Components:
• LED’s and Photodiodes
• Optical sensor unit
• PIC microcontroller
• RF transmitter
• Tiny cell battery
• Use of double ring structure.
• First stage amplifier
• Signal Conditioner
• Sample and hold circuit
 Less distance between LED & PD.
 Waveforms sampled at 100 Hz transmitted to a PDA or a cellular
phone carried by the patient.

11. Working Of Ring Sensor
 In order to detect blood volume changes due to heart
contraction and expansion by photoelectric method, normally
photo resistors are used.
 Light is emitted by LED and transmitted through the artery and
the resistance of photo resistor is determined by the amount of
light reaching it.
 Oxygenated blood absorb more light than deoxygenated blood
 A noise cancellation filter is used to cancel the noise due to
motion of the finger.

12. Applications
 Wireless supervision of people during hazardous operations.
 In an overcrowded emergency department.
 Chronic surveillance of abnormal heart failure.
 In cardio-vascular disease for monitoring the hyper tension.
Advantages
 Continuous monitoring.
 Easy to use.
 Reducing hospitalization
fee
Disadvantages
 Initial cost is high.
 Limited number of physiological
parameters can be monitored.

13. About Smart Shirts
 Also known as GTWM i.e. Georgia
Tech Wearable Motherboard.
 This GTWM (smart shirt) provides an
extremely versatile framework for the
incorporation of sensing, monitoring
and information processing devices.
• It uses optical fibers to detect bullet wounds and special sensors and
interconnects to monitor the body vital signs during combat
conditions.
• It is used to integrate sensors for monitoring the vital signs like
temperature, heart rate and respiration rate.

15. Working of Smart Shirt
 A combat soldier sensor to his body, pulls the smart shirt on, and
attaches the sensors to the smart shirt.
 A “signal” is sent from one end of the plastic optical fiber to a
receiver at the other end. The emitter and the receiver are
connected to a Personal Status Monitor (PSM) worn at the hip
level by the soldier.
 If the light from the emitter does not reach the receiver inside the
PSM, it signifies that the smart shirt has been penetrated (i.e.; the
soldier has been shot).
 The signal bounces back to the PSM forum the point of
penetration, helping the medical personnel pinpoint the exact
location the solider wounds.

16.  Information on the soldiers wound and the condition is
immediately transmitted electronically from the PSM to a
medical unit.

17. Applications Of smart shirt
 Combat casualty care.
 Medical monitoring.
 Sports/ Performance monitoring.
 Space experiments.
 Mission critical/ hazardous application.
 Fire- fighting.
 Wearable mobile information infrastructure.
Advantages
 Continuous monitoring.
 Right Treatment at the right time
 Easy to wear and takeoff.
Disadvantages
 Initial cost is high
 Battery life is less

18. Conclusion
 Applied to restricted area of potential market.
 Limitations: Sensitivity and battery life.
 Advanced technologies such as the smart shirt have at partial to
dramatically alter its landscape of healthcare delivery and at
practice of medicine as we know them today.
 It is leading to the realization of “Affordable Healthcare, Any
place, Anytime, Anyone”.

19. For your Attention…