The Harlem Renaissance Essay

The Harlem Renaissance Essay
The Harlem Renaissance, a cultural movement that began in the 1920s, brought an excitement and a
new found freedom and voice to African–Americans who had been silent and oppressed for a long
time. The evolution of African–American culture, expressed through art, music and creative
writings, and establishing roots in European–American society became known as the Harlem
Renaissance. ("Harlem Renaissance") After the American Civil War ended in 1865 more jobs and
education became available for black. Blacks had finally created a middle class in America. Those
blacks were expecting to be treated fairly and have the same life as white Americans. In 1896 equal
rights for all races came to a halt when the Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court ruled ... Show more
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After some time, Harlem became "the capital of black America ("Harlem Renaissance")." William
Edward Burroughs Du Bois, known as W.E.B Du Bois, a graduate of Harvard and black historian,
was one of the fighters of the civil rights movement during this time. Dubois, in 1905, gathered in
New York with well–known African–Americans who were very active in politics, and white civil
rights supporters to discuss the problems facing blacks in the city and surrounding areas. He, in
1909, founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), to
promote civil rights and fight African–American disenfranchisement, the right to vote. ("Harlem
Renaissance") During the same time, Marcus Garvey started his "Back to Africa movement." He
encouraged African–Americans to feel pride and respect in their race and background. Garvey
founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA–
ACL) designed to reunite all people of African ancestry to one government. Different groups helped
promote a sense of empowerment and community among African–Americans around the country.
Whites organized with black intellectuals to try to change America from a segregated society.
Blacks used artists and writers to move forward the goals of civil rights and push for equality. Jazz
music and black literature immediately got attention and brought the heart and soul of the
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The Teapot Dome Scandal Of 1923-1924
1. The Teapot Dome Scandal of 1923–1924 was about Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall when he
accepted bribes to lease government property to private oil companies. This was a big deal after he
handed a Wyoming oil reserve to the Mammoth Oil Company. This case was huge because he was
the first cabinet member to ever go to jail.
2. More than 1 million Blacks moved from the South during the Great Migration of the 1920s to the
north because of more job opportunities, education, men could vote, and they wanted to get away
from the violence of lynching and segregation.
3. The Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) was a Black Nationalist group led by
Marcus Garvey. He founded the UNIA in Jamaica in 1914. The UNIA consisted of ordinary ... Show
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Alfred E. Smith was elected governor of New York. During his governorship, he was the leader of
progressive reform and civil rights. He was also the first Roman Catholic to run for president.
9. The stock market crash of 1929 was caused by the rapid increase of debt and large bank loans.
10. President Hoover fail to effectively deal with the economic crisis because he didn't really know
what to do. All his efforts seemed to fail. Many Americans thought that Hoover wasn't doing
anything to fight the economic crisis but he was. He tried voluntarism, exhortation, and limited
government intervention.
11. The bonus army of 1932 was a group of World War 1 veterans and their families who gathered at
Washington DC demanding cash for their services. President Hoover opposed the bonus bill because
he was concerned about the federal budget.
12. Franklin Roosevelt defeated President Hoover in the election of 1932 because he promised to
use the power of the federal government to fight and decrease the economic crisis. He also
supported direct relief payments for the unemployed people. He promised reform.
13. The Twentieth Amendment to the US Constitution set the inauguration day as January 20th,
congress shall meet once every year on January 3rd, if anything happens to the president–elect, the
vice president shall take his

Jamaica Research Paper
Jamaica, discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1494, was settled by the Spanish early in the 16th
century. England seized Jamaica in 1655 and established a plantation economy. With the main
exports being sugar, cocoa, and coffee. The end of slavery in 1834 freed a quarter million slaves,
many of whom became small farmers. Jamaica gradually increased its independence from Britain
and became fully independent on August 6th, 1962. Sir Patrick Linton Allen was appointed
Governor–General of Jamaica on 26th February 2009. Andrew Michael Holness was first elected as
Member of Parliament (MP) to represent the Constituency of West Central St. Andrew in 1997, at
the age of 25. Holness became Jamaica's ninth Prime Minister after the Jamaica Labor Party ...
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The island, 4,240 square miles in area, lies about 90 miles south of Cuba, and 119 miles west of
Hispaniola (Rudolph). The capital of Jamaica is Kingston. Jamaica is divided into three counties –
Cornwall, Middlesex and Surrey – which are subdivided into 14 parishes: Kingston, St. Andrew, St.
Catherine, Clarendon, Manchester, St. Elizabeth, Westmoreland, Hanover, St. James, Trelawney, St.
Ann, St. Mary, Portland and St. Thomas (National Geographic). The official language of Jamaica is
English but the population also speaks Jamaican Creole English. The country is composed mainly of
the mainland with a few isolated small

Invisable Man
At the time that Ralph Ellison writes the novel The Invisible Man there were, as there are today,
many ideas on how to improve the black mans status in a segregated nation. Marcus Garvey was a
militant black nationalist leader who created a &quot;Back to Africa&quot; movement.
On the other side was Booker T. Washington who preached for racial uplift through educational
attainments and economic advancement. A man who strayed more on the middle path was W.E.B.
Du Bois. He was less militant than Marcus Garvey but was more so than Booker T. Washington.
Ellison uses characters from the novel to represent these men. Marcus Garvey is fictionalized as Ras
the Exhorter. Booker T. Washington is given voice by the Reverend Barbee. W.E.B. Du ... Show
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Here was a man who was happy to be black: not only happy but also proud. Garvey's racial pride
movement helped the Harlem Renaissance. Blacks started to express their feelings and thoughts
through art and music. This was a time when whites really took a look at black art and culture.
Garvey's most extreme movement was the &quot;Back to Africa&quot; movement. He
called all blacks to return to their true homeland, Africa. To help make this possible Garvey created
the Black Star Line in 1919 to provide transportation. He also started the Negro Factories
Corporation to encourage black economic independence. Garvey attracted thousands of supporters
and had two million members for the UNIA. Garvey's rise to fame was amazing; speaking to an
audience in Colon, Panama in 1921 Garvey said &quot;two years ago in New York nobody
paid any attention to us. When I use to speak, even the policeman on the beat never noticed
me.&quot; Depending on whom you talked to Garvey was the new Moses of blacks or a
complete madman. In &quot;After Marcus Garvey–––What?&quot; an article in
Contemporary Review, Kelly Miller writes that:
Marcus Garvey came to the U.S. less than ten years ago, unheralded, unfriended, without
acquaintance, relationship, or means of livelihood. This Jamaican immigrant was thirty years old,
partially educated, and 100 per cent black. He possessed neither comeliness of appearance nor
attractive physical

African Americans in American Society 1920s
African Americans in the 1920s
*
"Cast down your bucket where you are. Cast it down among the eight millions of Negroes..." –
Booker T. Washington, 1895 Atlanta Compromise
Throughout US history, there is an abundance of racism, segregation and discrimination towards the
African American people. In 1619, the first African slaves were brought to Jamestown to produce
tobacco, tea, cotton, coffee and other precious commodities. In this time period, 12 million Africans
were forcibly transported to the Americas, where they worked as slaves until 1865, where the 13th
Amendment abolished slavery. Although suppressed by whites and organisations such as the Ku
Klux Klan, African Americans in the 1920s began to work towards social, ... Show more content on
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Despite the cultural developments in Harlem and the formation of the African American identity,
white culture found it extremely difficult to accept their black neighbours, leading to racial tensions,
and often as a result, lynchings. One such example of racial tension leading to horrific consequences
was the Tulsa Race Riots. In 1921, Tulsa Oklahoma was experiencing an economic boom thanks to
the discovery of oil. Due to this African Americans also prospered, although confined to the
Greenwood section of the city, also referred to as the Black Wall Street, due to a number of wealthy
black entrepreneurs residing there. At this time, membership in the Ku Klux Klan was rising and
there was an active chapter in Tulsa. On Memorial Day, a riot was triggered by a report in several
white newspapers that a white, female elevator operator had been allegedly raped by black youths.
In response to this, rumours circulated around the city that a mob was going to attempt to lynch the
youths, then a group of armed African Americans bolted to the local police station in order to stop
the lynching mob, that did not exist. A

African Transformation from 1865-1920
The Progression of African Americans from 1865 to 1920 America has changed, as a whole,
throughout this time period. There have been many different presidents, elections, wars and other
world issues. These factors contribute to the drastic change in America and to the American people.
African Americans have gone through many different changes other than those of the other races.
With the end of the Civil War, African Americans went through a lot of change with the end of
slavery. Throughout this essay I will explain the legislature, economic, philosophies, leaders,
movement of people and other factors that contributed to the drastic change of the African American
people between 1865 to 1920. In 1865 Reconstruction stared after the end of ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
For blacks that did not want to return to Africa there were very few options for them if they choose
to stay. The first main problem was should they stay in the South or go somewhere else to find
shelter and a job. The next problem was to find a job. To replace the slaves plantation owner
implemented share cropping. Share cropping was a form of paid slavery that gave the families that
choose to work on the plantation as share croppers a plot of land to farm and a place to live. The
share croppers would give a large portion of what they had farmed to the owner of the land and they
would get to keep a small amount of what they had harvested for themselves to live off of. For those
who had joined the Union army during the Civil War, they had to try to get what they were promised
which was forty acres of land and a mule to plow it. Though promise was rarely met this was an
option for some freedmen who choose to stay in the U.S. To help freedmen get what they needed
such a job, food, or education the Freedmen's Bureau was started. This bureau was started to help
get recently freed slaves on their feet after the Civil War. Former slaves had a hard time finding jobs
but they did it anyway. During reconstruction the Southern Democrats wanted to get rid of the
collation of Republicans that controlled the post war south. The Bourbon Democrats that want to
oust this collation of freedmen,

The Harlem Renaissance : A Time Of Battle For African...
The 1920 's were a time of battle for African–Americans. Servitude was nullified, yet blacks were
still persecuted and were not the slightest bit equivalent to whites. Nevertheless, right now blacks
were beginning to gain some ground toward racial equity. The Harlem renaissance began the
principal genuine feeling of African–American society through workmanship, jazz, move, and
writing. There was additionally right now the start of solid African–American developments to
facilitate the dark race. An unmistakable development was driven by W.E.B Dubois that
concentrated on instructing blacks to make fairness. On the other side of the political range was
Marcus Garvey, who drove the development for blacks to join as a race against mistreatment. ...
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After that, he was no more near any white individuals, and prejudice and disparity have to be
common powers in Garvey 's life. St. Ann 's Bay was a ruined town made up of workers (Stein 24).
Garvey 's folks were learned people, yet there was no work for them in the mechanical nation of
Jamaica. The Garveys were compelled to fill in as workers. Marcus and his sister, Indiana, were
additionally compelled to work all together for the family to have enough cash to survive. Garvey
needed to stop school and start working when he was 14 (Sewell 18).
By 1910, Garvey had become well known in Jamaica as a proficient printer, essayist and
government official. Garvey joined The National Club, the main association in Jamaica, which
brought against pioneer thinking into Jamaica (Sewell 21). The disparity that Marcus Garvey
experienced on the planet outside of lower school in Jamaica was loaded with imbalance and scorn
for the dark man. Garvey chose to leave Jamaica to check whether blacks were dealt with the same
path in different nations. Garvey put in the following two years, from 1910–1912, going around
Central America encountering the dark condition in a few nations (Sewell 18). He encountered the
same condition around Central America as he found in Jamaica. In this way, he ventured out to
England to check whether he found the same. In England, Garvey was agreeably amazed. The
blacks in England were not isolated, as in the west (Stein 29). Garvey took courses at Birbeck
College

Practice Assignment 1.1 Us History Apex Essay
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| 1.2.3 Practice: The UNIA and the NAACP | Practice Assignment | | | | | U.S. History since the Civil
War Sem 2 (S3234741) | s | | | Points possible: 30 | Date: | |
May 3, 2016 Mrs. Montry Period 6 US History
Your Assignment
Your assignment is to compare the missions of the UNIA and the NAACP and write about each
organization's approaches to confronting discrimination. You will then assume the role of a young
African American living in the 1920s who has joined one of the organizations and explain your
reasons for joining in a brief paragraph.
Before you get started, look over the NAACP's mission statement, the ... Show more content on
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3. Imagine that you are a young African American living in a northern city in the 1920s. From that
perspective, answer the following questions. (6 points)
a. In your opinion, which organization speaks to your needs most, the UNIA or the NAACP? Why?
I think the UNIA would benefit me because If I were to live in an all–black community I would feel
safer and would not need to be on the lookout for white people attacking.
b. In your opinion, which organization has the greatest potential for bringing about positive change?
Why?
I belive that the NAACP has the greastest potential for bringing positive change because they were
more civil and less violent and were actively fighting for change in the government and were in
courts. They also fought for equality for all races, black and white.
c. Which organization's views on American society most closely match your own? Why?
The NAACP closley matchs my views on American society because I believe in equality no matter
what race, religion, color, etc.
4. Now, you are ready to write. Imagine that you are a young African American living in a northern
city in the 1920s. Which organization would you join – the NAACP or the UNIA – and why? Write
a diary paragraph explaining your decision. (16 points)
Be sure to begin with a strong hook and include a thesis statement that lays out your main argument,
supporting details, and a good conclusion.

The 1920's was the period when the Harlem

Explain The Clash Between Tradition And Modernism
1. Describe the following results in the post–war era: a. Increased racial violence Since the
emancipation from slave trade African Americans were generally progressing to a newer adjustment
into the society. Thousands migrated from the south to the north, African American speakers were
standing up to the racial inequality and for the first time African Americans had a channel to speak
out. Congress had welcomed the first African American representative which led to the
advancement of racial pride. For the first time after World War I many African Americans were
employed in the nations industries, more blacks were hired to replace the whites who were not
represented by a union this aggravated the resentment from the whites. For the first ... Show more
Explain the clash between tradition and modernism in the following:
a. The passage of the 18th Amendment The passage of the 18th Amendment resulted into United
States Constitution successfully recognizing the prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the United
States by proclaiming that it was illegal to produce, transport and sale alcohol. There was a general
clash between tradition and modernism in a way that corruption was the order of the day. Corrupt
officials shaped disrespect for law in general, moonshiners and bootleggers saw it essential to bribe
the police, Prohibition Bureau agents and sheriffs to do business.
The amendment created a wide spread network of corruption that in as many towns and cities,
corruption stretched to the mayors, prosecutors, police chiefs, magistrates, city council members,
fire chiefs, and city commissioners. In some cities the intact administrations were

Marcus Garvey : The Black Star Line
Marcus Garvey is arguably one of the early pioneers in Pan Africanism, black consciousness, and
political radicalism. Garvey is regarded for his speaking on race tensions, economic inequality and
the plight of Native Africans in America. Not widely and prominently known like the images of
Martin Luther King, Malcolm X, Huey Newton, Elijah Mohammad, but should be regarded for
paving the way for those individuals. In this paper we will discuss three notable moments that
developed Marcus Garvey into the leader and activist he is proven to be; the formation and
importance of The Universal Negro Improvement Association, The Negro World, and lastly The
Black Star Line.
Marcus Josiah Garvey, was born in St. Ann's, Jamaica on August 17, 1887. Garvey was the youngest
out of eleven children of Marcus and Sarah Garvey. In his youth Garvey learned the grave strife and
differences between races. His boyhood days were filled with varied experiences. At one point he
had been subjected to being shunned by his fellow white friends at the time and learned his first
lesson about racial divide. Garvey inherited a keen interest in books from his father, a mason and
made full use of the extensive family library; allowing him at a young age to learn language and
develop a love for learning. His in–home education was by far more excellent than his elementary
education and through private tutors and Sunday School. Garvey developed his leadership skills;
and at an early age, it seemed they had been

Marcus Garvey: The Last African American Leader
The last African American leader was named Marcus Garvey. Not like the other two leaders, he was
born in Jamaica in August 17th, 1887. In the year of 1912, he went to London for college. After two
years, in 1914 he came back to Jamaica and organized the Universal Negro Improvement
Association and African Communities League, which was also known as the UNIA. The main goal
of this organization was to have an independent society that the African Americans could have their
own government and rule their own. There were three main parts of this organization, they were
social, political, and economic freedom. In Marcus's idea, the white people will never truly accept
and treat Africans Americans equally. Marcus thought in order to have a better life

The Harlem Renaissance : An Influential Movement Of...
Intro The Harlem Renaissance lasted from 1918 to 1937, and was the most influential movement of
people of African American culture. It mostly involved literary, musical, theatrical, and visual arts.
African Americans were trying to re–conceptualize white people's outlooks on them as a whole.
White people had plenty of stereotypes toward African Americans. They were racist toward them
and had animosity toward them as well. White people always had African American people as
slaves throughout history and even thought slavery was over, there was still plenty of bashing, name
calling and violence expressed toward African Americans. The Renaissance was not just in Harlem,
the area had just attracted a remarkable amount of intellect and talent. Harlem was a cultural center
that drew in black writers, artists, musicians, photographers, poets, and scholars. This itself brought
in a great amount of racial pride for the African Americans that were present, and even the ones not
present. The Renaissance was a major influence across the United States and eventually the world as
all the events and knowledge diffused throughout the world. There were political effects, social
effects, economic effects, and cultural effects. The economic opportunities at this time triggered a
huge migration of African Americans from the rural south to the industrial centers of the north,
which led African Americans to explore new opportunities for their own intellectual and social
freedom, and using their

Pan Africanism and Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr.
Marcus Mosiah Garvey, Jr was a Jamaican political leader who accomplished many things within
his lifetime. He was a well–known publisher, entrepreneur, journalist, Black Nationalist, as well as
Pan–Africanist. Pan Africanism is the idea that all African American people possess a common
cultural legacy extending from Africa. In saying this, all African Americans should work together in
maintaining the culture and removing expatriate power.
Marcus Garvey was important because he aided in inspiring a mass movement amongst African
Americans. Garvey make efforts to show African Americans economic empowerment meanwhile
sharing the importance of taking part in politics and have greater impacts. Along with these many
accomplishments, his biggest accomplishment was becoming the founder of the Universal Negro
Improvement Association and African Communities League in Jamaica. Garvey came to the United
States in 1916 and launched the New York Division of the UNIA the following year. This
association started off with merely thirteen members and exponentially grew to approximately 3500
members. Garvey has reached new heights of power within his career in the late 1920s when he
headed an international convention in Liberty Hall, containing frequent delegates in attendance from
25 countries. Garvey also led a parade of over 50,000 throughout all of Harlem. Marcus Garvey
travelled though many different places including a majority of Central America, Europe, and the
Caribbean where he

Black Nationalism Essay
Throughout history, African Americans have encountered an overwhelming amount of obstacles for
justice and equality. You can see instances of these obstacles especially during the 1800's where
there were various forms of segregation and racism such as the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
terrorism, Jim– Crow laws, voting restrictions. These negative forces asserted by societal racism
were present both pre and post slavery. Although blacks were often seen as being a core foundation
for the creation of society and what it is today, they never were given credit for their work although
forced. This was due to the various laws and social morals that were sustained for over 100 years
throughout the United States. However, what the world didn't ... Show more content on
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The "Great Migration" was from 1910–1930 and almost 750,000 African Americans moved into
Northern cities; 175,000 moved to Harlem, which made it the largest black community in the
country. This era was known for racial consciousness, racial integration, dramatic arts and painting.
In addition, it was known for the explosion of music especially jazz and the blues. This outburst of
confidence, expression, creativity and talent sparked the African American drive and created a
"rebirth" of African American culture. A few of the famous influences were Langston Hughes,
Claude McKay, Duke Ellington Johnson and Louis Armstrong. The Harlem Renaissance acted as
the crossroads for black to interact with others and expand their contacts, even internationally. Also,
African Americans began to change their image from rural to urban. In other words, they were
transforming themselves from peasants to sophisticates. The Harlem Renaissance allowed for
African Americans to be a force in America even if they couldn't be employed and seen as equals to
whites. It was so influential that African Americans began to gain power in northern cities such as
Chicago and Philadelphia. The Harlem Renaissance phenomenon sparked the idea of "New Negro"
and led to the drive for change, giving a sense of Black Nationalism and the ability to express their
ideas and concerns in ways they were

Marcus Garvey Case
In addition, awareness of rights amongst individuals in a community is critical to realize and fight
prejudice. The prejudice has worked negatively for the blacks who are considered to be lowly
educated and devoid of the ability to govern. The whites sow division amongst the blacks to rule
over them by pitting them against each other (Garvey). On the contrary, the Africans trust them with
their future and believe that they will solve the issues confronting their race. Instead, the white
populations take advantage of the innocence of the Africans to advance their agendas. But through
the contribution of Marcus Garvey and other black leaders, the population was able to tide over this
situation and improve their image before others.
The prevailing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The goals advocated by the UNIA include equal opportunities for the black population. The
fulfillment of these goals would lead to equal treatment of the blacks in recruitment activities. This
will improve their financial position, thereby, bringing crime rate, including hate crimes. The second
issue is about discrimination and police brutality against the blacks as evidenced by incarceration of
the latter. It goes without saying that some of these youths are engaged in crime for being idle due to
lack of employment opportunities. In applying the Association goals to this issue, Garvey's program
would see the African population enhance societal values and increase participation in national
administration (Garvey). In fact, the prevalence of unemployment in the black community has led to
deprivation in decision making on many national issues. The government programs are developed
by the people's representatives who make laws to govern and guide implementation of government
plans. Earlier, since the blacks used to elect white leaders to represent their interests, they were put
to disadvantage by the latter; that used to divert sizeable portion of the budget for development of
infrastructure and other activities which primarily benefitted the whites. The application of the
UNIA program will help the matters in the sense that the black community will elect one of their
own members to represent them. Through this representation, the black population stands in a better
position in terms of accessibility to government services and involvement in developmental of

The Harlem Renaissance: Writers Reacting To Their...
The Harlem Renaissance emerged during turbulent times for the world, the United States, and black
Americans. World War I and the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 had left the world in disorder and
stimulated anticolonial movements throughout the third world. In America, twenty years of
progressive reform ended with the red scare, race riots, and isolationism throughout 1919 and led to
conservative administrations through the twenties. While blacks were stunned by racial violence
near the end of the decade and were frustrated by the lack of racial progress that progressivism had
made, they were now armed with new civil rights organizations and confronted the approaching
decade with new hope and determination. Education and employment ... Show more content on
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While the Harlem Renaissance was not a political movement, its participants were affected by the
political world around them and responded in varying ways to their political environment.
Perhaps the most direct way that black writers addressed political issues was through political and
protest writings. Claude McKay's 1919 sonnet "If We Must Die" expressed his anger toward the race
riots of 1919 and urged blacks to respond with violence when confronted with force, working
against the odds and gaining dignity through their struggles. He writes, "Like men we'll face the
murderous pack, / Pressed to the wall, dying, but fighting back!"3 Similarly, Langston Hughes made
protest a significant element in his works, especially in his somewhat radical poetry of the early
1930's. "Because I am the white man's son, his own / Bearing his bastard birth–mark on my face, / I
will dispute his title to the throne, / Forever fight him for my rightful place."4 wrote Hughes in his
poem "Mulatto". Throughout his poetry, he directly and indirectly referred to vigorous hatred for the
white man, of his people's dreams deferred too long. He used literature to protest the inequality
faced by blacks nationwide. James Weldon

Marcus Garvey Vs Dubois
The Common Difference's of Elitism Vs. Nationalism
The often fierce ideological exchanges between Marcus Garvey and W.E.B. Du Bois are interesting,
not as much because of the eloquence of their expression, as because of the fact that although
outwardly contradictory, these ideologies were often unified at their foundation. This unity was not
simply in terms of the broad and obvious intent to better the conditions of "black folk", it was in
terms of the very details that defined the trajectory and means of the advancement of blacks in
America and all over the world.
It is clear that the seeming ideological disunity between the Garvey and Du Bois perspectives only
masked the commonalities that underpinned each of their approaches to ... Show more content on
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He authored Black Folk Then and Now, to shed light on the often untold history of Africans and the
transatlantic slave trade and, in fact, died and was buried in Ghana where he was living by the
personal invitation of Kwame Nkrumah. Equally impassioned by the cause for black rights in the
international arena, Garvey's work toward this end was reflected in the name and practice of his
"Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities (Imperial) League". Like Du
Bois, Garvey spoke fervently on behalf of the interests of blacks both in the United States and
internationally. It was the express mission of this organization to bring together the people of what
Garvey called "the African race". He too participated in the Pan–African Congresses and a
cornerstone of his movement was "pride in the race's African heritage." This concept of the
interconnectedness of blacks across the globe, with African heritage as their anchor, was a unifying
aspect of Du Bois' and Garvey' ideologies. Here again, however, this fundamentally similar belief
was overshadowed by more superficial ideological differences. Although loyal to Africa, Du Bois
saw himself and blacks born in the United States as Americans, a contrast to Garvey who rejected
this concept, defining his identity and allegiance first and foremost in terms of his blackness. Du
Bois, on the one hand, regarded himself and blacks born in the United

Haile Selassie Research Paper
In this wonderful world there are different type of religions and cultures that are all special in their
own way. Some religions that are known across the world are Christianity, Judaism, but most
religions beyond that will sometimes get lost in the eyes of others. Some religions that are huge, but
don't get enough attention unless it negative or over romanced are: Islamic, Buddhism, Hinduism,
Rastafarianism. As an anthropologist having a emic and etic perceptive is needed as to get accurate,
and authentic information, so emic mean looking inside the culture and having a personal
experience with the people; etic means to look from the outside and see how a certain culture
interacts , and what they portray to the world. My focus of this paper ... Show more content on
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Yellowman was known for embracing the Hip Hop community, and was used in a sample of his
voice for Easy–E major hit called "Nobody Move, Nobody Gets Hurt". Yellowman was also
involved with the Hip Hop scene, but was turned down by big names like. Notorious B.I.G. Tupac
Shakur because the styles were too different, and did not flow properly. A single that Yellowman
came out with called "Them a Mad Ove Me" that was explicit and popular talked about his sexual
powers earned Yellowman some criticism in the mid– 1980's because of the explicit lyrics. His
music is was his drive to keep living as in 1982 Yellowman was diagnosed with skin cancer, and
was told he only had three years to live that was however proved to be inaccurate. When Yellowman
found out he was diagnosed that did not stop is passion for music , or his drive to keep performing
even in 1986 he diagnosed with cancer that had spread to his jaw; Yellow man got jaw surgery , and
still was able to perform. Thanks to Yellowman influence of dancehall music, dancehall was
transformed, and the changes were the type of instruments that are used and the artist that performed
these new genes like Hip Hop, and

African American Identity
African American Identity It was a hot August day as sweat beat down on Thomas Jefferson Brown.
He had been working in the field 2 hours before the hot sun had made its presence known. He
looked back over the drying field, hoping that this crop would provide for his family better than last
years crop had. Thomas watched his oldest son, Nathan, who worked down one row of the field
while staring intently at the cotton plants as he picked the cotton. Nathan was a very inquisitive
young man who had just yesterday asked his father what it was like being a slave for Mr. Walter
Johnson. When his father had told him that in a lot of ways life was so much easier than now,
Nathan had given him a look that allowed Thomas to know that his son could ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Next we have Marcus Mosiah Garvey, who was born in Jamaica on 17 August 1887. Mr. Garvey is
best remembered as a pivotal figure in the struggle for racial equality, not just in the United States
but throughout the world as well. He founded the UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement
Association) and African Communities League in 1914 while still in Jamaica, and also championed
the 'back to Africa' movement of the 1920s. Of the Africans who departed, Garvey thought, some
had left independently while others were brutally removed for economic gain and exploitation.
Garvey perceived that the main problems facing not only African Americans, but Africans as well
was that they must first go back to Africa and free their African brothers before moving on to other
parts of the world. Through the organizations that Garvey had formed (UNIA and ACL), he
reasoned that until Africa is free and redeemed, not only in name but in reality, no one would be
free, Black or White. Garvey reasoned that no matter what one's race was we are all bound together
by the Creator, which is Spirit. The Creator has a purpose for everyone and that purpose did not
include being made a slave or subject to anyone for that matter. While Dubois and Garvey did not
see eye to eye on the issues involving African Americans, Garvey did align himself closely with Dr
Robert Love, and Dr Loves teachings

The Role Of African-Americans In The Harlem Renaissance
There is no doubt that the United States has gone through serious transformation in as far as racial
relations is concerned. So far, the country has seen a reduction in racial prejudices and
discrimination , yet such changes have never be a one–off event, rather, it has been a process that
has seen so many fighting so hard for this course. Talking of racism and racial discrimination,
African–Americans would always be taken as the greatest victims to such discrimination. Whereas
African–Americans have played victim to racial discrimination over the years, there has been a
great level of transformation within the American society over the years to see to it that
institutionalized racial discrimination amongst blacks is kept at the bare minimal ... Show more
Many of these issues revolved around failure to grant many of the African Americans the
opportunity to live in a free world, one that was free of any traces of racism. In the Letter from
Birmingham Jail, Martin Luther argues that there was so much that had raised an opportunity given
to the administration in Birmingham to cat and avoid any traces of racial prejudice within the state.
However, it seems that much of this was never taken seriously and that many of the racial signs
remained in the state even after there had been promises to act. In this case, it would be concluded
that the report to demonstration by the African American community during the time was as a result
of institutionalized racism and injustice. Whereas negotiations had been made with regard to racism
a promise "...to remove the humiliating racial signs from the stores" made, nothing was done (2). As
such, it would be concluded that much of the struggle for racial freedom and justice had to change
from board room discussions to demonstrations as part of the affirmative

Marcus Garvey : A Renowned Civil Rights Activist
Jason Morrow American History II Prof. Bobo 2/18/16 Marcus Garvey is a renowned civil rights
activist, who pushed for the betterment of the African people across the globe. Marcus was a very
influential figure in his time, he came from humble beginnings. Marcus Garvey was born on 17
August 1887 in St. Ann 's Bay, St Ann Parish, Jamaica, to Marcus Garvey Sr and Sarah Jane
Richards. Garvey was the youngest of 11 siblings, but only himself and one of his sisters survived to
adulthood. In Garvey's youth he proved to be a bright young man teaching himself to read on his
own by reading books from his father's home library. His teenage years proved to be Garvey's most
influential years, at the age of 14 he became a printers apprentice, during his apprenticeship, Garvey
traveled to Kingston, Jamaica to take up work as a compositor at P.A. Benjamin Limited. While in
Kingston Garvey was also an influential employee and, by 1907, was also elected the vice–president
of the Typographical Union. Garvey 's first major role within the union was a printers strike in 1908.
The strike was unsuccessful and lead to Garvey being fired. But his firing led him to a new horizon
and love of political activism. Garvey's main focus was to deal with the racial injustices Africans
across the globe had to go through, and this led the creation of the "United Negro Improvement
Association" (U.N.I.A) by Mr. Garvey in his mid–twenties. This foundation had a great following in
its early stages but Garvey

How Did Marcus Garvey Influence The Civil Rights Movement
Another monumental activist from African American history I was introduced to was Marcus
Garvey. Throughout school, Martin Luther King was always stressed at the most prominent civil
right activist in America. After learning about the impact and movement that Garvey had in
America, I was shocked at the fact that I had never heard about him in a history course before.
Marcus Garvey's ultimate goal was to form a united black nation which would unify blacks across
the globe. Garvey's movement symbolized the turning of the perception of black people, not only by
blacks but other races as well. He found it essential that blacks in America knew that their history
did not begin with slavery, and that people who once did great things could be great ... Show more
By the end of 1919, Garvey had a booming business and 3 million followers. His most prominent
project was "The Black StarLine", a shipping company that he envisioned for the people. However,
in the following years, everything went downhill for Garvey. The Black StarLine investment failed
because of internal corruption in his business, and it was on the road to bankruptcy in 1921. In 1923,
Garvey and three of his close associates were arrested for mail fraud pertaining to The Black
StarLine. During his trial, several UNIA officials testified against Garvey and he was convicted to
five years. I found this very ironic because throughout his life, Garvey steered away from forming
close relationship and giving his trust to individuals. At a young age, his father taught him that he
could and should only rely on himself. However, this was difficult because he needed to place his
trust in some individuals in order to make the necessary changes. He chose his close associates
based off of their loyalty to him and his cause. Many people, including other powerful black leaders,
disagreed with Garvey heavily, and therefore did not support

The United States History
MALIK,
703,
HUMANITIES CYCLE 4
Over the course of the united states history there have been many different ethnic groups who have
been discriminated. There 's sna very long list of people who were forced out of certain
opportunities because of their skin color, but for this project I old like to focus on the African
American people.
So African Americans (AA) have a long history of discrimination in this country starting out with
the idea of races. Europeans originally used irish and indian people as their slaves(at least the british
did) and african americans were better than the sea of poor whites so than demand began(this was
the latter part of the 17th century)The transatlantic slave trade took many aa away during 1525 and
1866 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While tensions are mounting to between America and England Two notable things happen one aa
Lucy Terry writes a poem in 1746 and is the very first aa to get it published. Also Phillis weasley
publishes a book.
Later on in time after the colonies war with Great Britain,and the American revolution began slaves
on both sides were offered their freedom in exchange for their service in the military. So there were
both freed American slaves on the British and American sides. They joined the british for liberty and
freedom much like they should have gotten when the sided with the americans when they joined the
British. After the was over and the Americans were successful in establishing this here country, just
like had been done to them before they were lied to ruthlessly and heartlessly cheated out of their
freedom and things stayed the same.
In the time inbetween the revolution and the civil war a lot happened like for example nat turner 's
rebellion, where nat turner and other slaves led a violent and short lived rebellion against their ex–
oppressors(1831).(1839) 53 African slaves on board the slave ship the Amistad revolted against their
captors, killing all but the ship 's navigator, who sailed them to Long Island, N.Y., instead of their
intended destination, Africa. Joseph Cinqué was the group 's leader. The slaves aboard the ship

Suffrage of African Americans in Red Summer written by...
In the book Red Summer written by Cameron McWhirter, we learn about the suffrage of African
Americans after World War 1. At this time, blacks had been searching for peace and equality.
Historian Cameron McWhirter in his book says, "many people–including black families with
returning soldiers–fervently hoped 1919 would usher in a new epoch of peace, prosperity, and
freedom." Instead of getting what they wished for however, there was a series of violence such as
lynchings and anti–black riots that swept around the country.
World War 1 had a big effect on the life of blacks. McWhirter says that "the war's end the previous
November had opened a broader marked for cotton; mills across the world need[ed] it for civilian
clothes." African Americans were moving in large numbers from the South to the North and
Midwest in what is part of the Great Migration. Blacks wanted to escape the racism of the South.
They were trying to run away from poverty, physical violence, and segregation. The war brought
many job openings in the North, a great opportunity for the blacks to start a new life. Mcwhirter
states that this led to "returning veterans had trouble finding jobs, since few factories were hiring
and southern black migrants had filled many jobs." So as African Americans migrated to the North,
they began to fill empty jobs in the factory and railroad industries. White supremacists saw the
increased competition for jobs, and resented the blacks for taking them. In fact, white

Marcus Garvey Research Paper
Marcus Mosiah Garvey (1887–1940) was a Jamaican born Black Nationalist, newspaper printer,
writer, orator, and political advocate. His ideas and activism influenced black communities and
nationalist groups, the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s, post–Colonial movements, and helped
develop the pan–African movement. Garvey promoted African American self reliance, business
development, cultural expression, and political independence rather than the integrationist ideals of
the period. In addition to which Garvey was the founder of the Universal Negro Improvement
Association (UNIA), Black Star Line and Negro Factories Corporation. Garvey sought to challenge
white supremacy and economic imperialism by supporting black business leadership, promoting
black political involvement thereby ensuring racial political representation via the establishment of
their own institutions and eventually through the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ann's Bay Jamaica the third child to Malcus Mosiah Garvey (1838–1920), a mason, and Sarah Jane
Richards (1852–1908), a domestic servant and farmer. Owing to the racial laws of the period
Garvey received only a limited foundational education, yet continually strove to read, attend
seminars, and improve himself throughout his life. Given his family's poverty, as a teenager, Garvey
was apprenticed to Alfred E. Burrowes, a printer. In this role, Garvey soon became interested in
journalism, politics, public speaking, and activism. As a printer's apprentice, Garvey also acquired
the skills which would help in later in life including the development and running of his businesses,
newspapers, and publications. By the age of eighteen, Garvey had excelled to the point of making
himself the youngest publisher in Kingston Jamaica. Increasingly involved in the region, by 1907–
1908 Garvey led an unsuccessful printer's strike which led him to being increasingly involved in
labour, economics, and political issues in the

Marcus Garvey Research Paper
Marcus Mosiah Garvey was born on August 17, 1887, in St Ann's Bay, a rural town on the north
coast of Jamaica. He was the youngest out of eleven children; he and his sister Indiana were the
only two who to survived adulthood. His father, Malchus , was a very strict man. His ancestors was
from the Maroons, a group of runaway slaves who rebelled against the Spanish and British colonizer
of Jamaica ( Caravantes 13).. Marcus father was a stone–mason; he cut and shaped white bricks for
the island plantations houses. His mother, Sarah Garvey , she was the opposite of her husband ; she
was very religious women. She worked as a baker to add to her husband income. She protected her
youngest son and she made sure Marcus enjoyed his childhood. Marcus

The Countercultures: Once Pooh-poohed, Now Revered
Throughout American history, the countercultures have greatly influenced the societies of their
respective eras. The Quakers, the Harlem Renaissance participants, and the Hippies have had an
immense impact on American culture. This impact is especially apparent in the political actions and
art一audio and visual一of the countercultures' respective times. The Quakers first arrived in North
America after facing constant persecution under England's monarchical government. Led by
William Penn, Jr., the Quakers landed in the not–yet–founded colony of Pennsylvania. During the
early stages of their settlement, the Quakers and Native Americans had a mutual relationship; this一
at the time一was unheard of between European settlers and Native Americans. ... Show more
This is pronounced by one of the strongest products of the Harlem Renaissance, the National
Association for the Advancement of Colored People; this organization has taken a leading role in
pushing for legislation like the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Civil Rights Act of 1968. It has
also, since its founding, been an organization to be depended on for legal counsel in cases
concerning civil rights. The artists of the Harlem Renaissance too pushed for governmental reform
in their own rite. Harlem Renaissance poets like Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen, and Zora Neale
Hurston, and Harlem Renaissance artists like Aaron Douglas and Archibald Motley helped by using
their art to change public opinion; instead of lobbying, they changed the views of the lobbyists. Both
types of Harlem Renaissance participants though, en masse, helped to remold American culture into
its contemporary form.
The Hippies of the 1960s are one of the most recognized countercultures in United States history. Its
members included many of the most easily identified celebrities of the time, including Jimi Hendrix,
Jim Morrison, and Janis Joplin. The Hippie movement greatly influenced music to this day and
American culture as a whole. Due majoritarily to the Hippie movement, the Rock music genre saw a
sharp increase in popularity in the 1960s. In the years of and following the Hippie movement,
American ethical values also changed as they had become more liberal; images that

The Harlem Renaissance Essay
The Harlem Renaissance In Harlem between the 1920's and 1930's the African American culture
flourished, especially in areas such as music, art, literature, dance, and even in film. This soon
became known as the Harlem Renaissance. With the entire positive and the negative situations of
this time period the African Americans still seemed to have it all. The Harlem Renaissance came
about because of the changes that had taken place in the African American community after the
abolition of slavery because of World War I and the social and cultural changes in early 20th century
in the United States. After harsh conditions for African Americans after the Plessy vs. Ferguson
Trial many of them decided to move to the North to New York. By ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Also during this time Marcus Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and
African Communities League (UNIA–ACL), in which they both aimed to bring opportunities into
the African American community. Not only did this help make African Americans feel proud of their
race, but it also brought them together, not only in New York, but all over the country. They soon
began to create a lifestyle for themselves that was equivalent to the White Americans and began to
advance in the areas of jazz music, art, and literature. All this is what was starting to become known
as the Harlem Renaissance. By the 1920's the amount of African Americans in New York City had
more than doubled. Meanwhile the roadways and subway system had just begun to reach Harlem,
where some of the most influential Blacks had situated themselves. Soon after, Harlem became
known as "The Black Mecca" and also as "The Capital of Black America".
The Harlem Renaissance embraced all types of art forms. Jazz, literature, art, film, and dance were
some of the main forms. But jazz, literature, and art is what really kept the African Americans
going. At this time jazz was known to be the people's music. It had originated in New Orleans and
soon found its way into the nightclubs in Harlem. For the ones who would go out and experience
this lively music they would go out to night clubs. Some of the most popular clubs during

Was Marcus Garvey The Most Significant African American...
To what extent was Marcus Garvey the most significant African American civil rights leader in the
period 1865–1945?
The period between 1865 and 1945 saw some of the most dramatic social, political and economic
changes in America. The key issue of black civil rights throughout this period was advocated and
led by a range of significant, emotive and inspiring leaders. Marcus Garvey was a formidable public
speaker and is often named as the most popular black nationalist leader of the early twentieth
century. He believed in pan–Africanism and came nearer than any other black leader in mobilising
African American masses. He was hailed as a redeemer and a "Black Moses" who tried to lead 'his
people back to freedom'. However, arguably although ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In many ways it could be argued that Marcus Garvey was the most significant African American
civil rights leader of this time because of his role in tackling the social issues African American's
faced. He aimed to improve the lives of African Americans by encouraging them to take control of
their own affairs and education. His role surrounding this issue is illustrated by his founding of the
UNIA. This Universal Negro Improvement Association was an organisation dedicated to racial
pride, economic self sufficiency and the formation of an independent black nation in Africa.
Through this and the magazine the 'Negro World' he urged African Americans to be proud of their
race, and argued "a people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a
tree without roots". It has been said that through Garvey's dedication to social improvement for his
race he managed to capture the imagination of many blacks for whom the American Dream was a
dirty joke.
Although Garvey is heralded as such as strong figure in the improvement of social issues in this
period, many other activists took different approaches. For example Washington was an important
figure who believed the best interests of African Americans could be realised through education in
the crafts and industrial skills. To implement this he founded the Tuskegee school, which had over
100

The Impact Of The Great War On African American History
This paper will go on to describe the direct impact of the Great War on all African American
migration, military service, and political protest. These three things would have combined to make
the years of the Great War a major impact on African American history. When war first erupted in
Europe in August of 1914, most Americans – African Americans included – did not see a reason for
the United States to get involved, many viewing the bloodshed as petty in the activities of their
everyday lives. This belief of neutrality amongst the people would only grow stronger as stalemates
ensued, and death rates climbed higher. As the war raged on, the Black press would aim its papers to
side with the French, because of their continued commitment for racial equality, as well as, their
employment of African soldiers in their military. When the United States entered the war, it would
have a great impact on many African Americans, particularly the many men, women, and children
who embarked on the Great Migration – the largest movement of people in American history.
Around 1914 to 1920, over 500,000 African Americans had gathered their belongings and embarked
on a journey to the North. World War I and the economic boom that accompanied it created the
conditions that made the entrance of black migrants into northern industries possible. However, until
then European immigrants had been arriving at an annual rate that surpassed the North's total black
population, thus providing employers with

Essay about The Harlem Renaissance
Occurring in the 1920's and into the 1930's, the Harlem Renaissance was an important movement
for African–Americans all across America. This movement allowed the black culture to be heard
and accepted by white citizens. The movement was expressed through art, music, and literature.
These things were also the most known, and remembered things of the renaissance. Also this
movement, because of some very strong, moving and inspiring people changed political views for
African–Americans. Compared to before, The Harlem Renaissance had major effects on America
during and after its time. After the end of the civil war African Americans had more opportunity and
freedom since the men were soldiers of the civil war. Most African Americans had the ... Show more
During the 1900's the population of African Americans in Harlem doubled plus many well–known
and brightest black entrepreneurs, intellectuals and artists moved there as well. Eventually the city
was known as the capital of black America and also known as "The Black Mecca." In the Early
1900's the African Americans who were working and living in middle class began speaking out for a
revolutionized political agenda that would push for equality between races. One of the most famous
civil right activists that lead the movement was W.E.B Du Bois. Du Bois was a Harvard scholar and
a sociologist. He collaborated with other African American activists and even some white workers
who also wanted civil rights. After meeting in New York and discussing with other black people in
the city, the activists formed and found the group National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People or NAACP. Also during the time of the finding of NAACP a man named Marcus
Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League
(UNIA–ACL). Marcus Garvey was a political leader from Jamaica and was also an entrepreneur. He
strongly believed in change for the African American culture and proved his support in the
movement by finding the UNIA–ACL. The goal of this movement was to reunite all people that
have African ancestry to create one community with one powerful government. With the help of the
National Urban

Writers of the Harlem Renaissance Essay
Writers of the Harlem Renaissance
During the 1920?s, a ?flowering of creativity,? as many have called it, began to sweep the nation.
The movement, now known as ?The Harlem Renaissance,? caught like wildfire. Harlem, a part of
Manhattan in New York City, became a hugely successful showcase for African American talent.
Starting with black literature, the Harlem Renaissance quickly grew to incredible proportions.
W.E.B. Du Bois, Claude McKay, and Langston Hughes, along with many other writers, experienced
incredible popularity, respect, and success. Art, music, and photography from blacks also flourished,
resulting in many masterpieces in all mediums. New ideas began to take wings among circles of
black intellectuals. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This migration set the stage for a diverse and interesting Harlem flavor, which led to the
Renaissance.
A second cluster of factors contributing to the Renaissance concerns the development of a sense of
empowered community among black culture in the ?twenties? and the preceding decade. The
African American churches played a large role not only in religious thought, but also in building
community and self–awareness among blacks. Organizations such as the Negro YMCA and African
American lodges and social clubs began to emerge and flourish. In 1909 and 1910, the National
Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and the Urban League were formed.
In 1916, Marcus Garvey began the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), which
stressed nationalism among blacks and ?urged blacks to be proud of their color and to build social
and economic institutions of their own? (Haskins 29). Although different in some of their ideals,
these organizations led to black nationalism and community. The prohibition movement also
contributed to a broadening awareness of emerging black culture, since prohibition led to illegal
sales of alcohol and the flocking of both whites and blacks to the clubs of Harlem. This in turn led to
a white interest in black culture, music, and literature. Another community builder

What Organizations, Ideologies, and Leaders Did Africans...
What organizations, ideologies, and leaders did Africans create and engage in the 20th century to
promote and advance their liberation?
[Abstract]
The 20th century composed of many organizations ideologies and leaders helping to promote and
advance liberation both in America and worldwide. These different entities worked to defy the
social structure filled with aspects of conservatism and oppression and rather upheld the Africana
sense of governance and encouraged socialism in terms of a more broad and pervasive perspective
on civil rights. Additionally, many leaders, Nelson Mandela, MLK, and Madame C.J. Walker, to
name a few, made domestic and international differences advancing the Africana community
through different inventions, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
[Discussion]
Throughout the 20th century there was a multitude of organizations, ideologies, and most
importantly, leaders, which helped Africans internationally to promote and advance their liberation.
These groups and people made lasting impacts in nations worldwide that are still prevalent today.
When analyzing the sixth framing question, the conceptual categories of social structure and
technology are evident. Organizations such as the Universal Negro Improvement Association and
the African Blood Brotherhood contradicted the social structure at the time and defined new
governance for the African people. Leaders such as Madame Walker, MLK, Nelson Mandela,
among others assisted in defining new governance as well. Also, an important aspect of the 20th
century was the incorporation of technology, also a conceptual category, into persuading the public
about the necessity of change within the generation, and for upcoming generations. Parallel to the
organizations and leaders, the ideologies that contradicted themselves progressed the Africana
culture in its entirety. Liberalism and conservatism, while differentiating, showed the public that
while ideologically there were discrepancies, within the construct of society, these divergences were
not adequate reason for physical violence.
Primarily, the two listed organizations were essential for the Africana people to advance and
promote their liberation. Specifically, the

Dust Tracks on a Road Essay
Myesha Geathers
Mr.Ryzski
Honors American Literature
January 9th, 2013
Zora Neale Hurston autobiography Dust Tracks on a Road, sketches her own life living in
Eatonville, Florida, was the first organized self–government African American community. Many
people saw the African American community as racism and segregation. Hurston implies that the
nicest people she met in her early stages were whites who showed her compassion. According to her
official website Zora Neale Hurston, "Dust Tracks on a Road, was her account of her rise from
childhood poverty in the rural south to a prominent place among the leading artists and intellectuals
of the Harlem Renaissance." Many people viewed Dust Tracks on a Road, as a fantasy life she
idealized ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Zora Neale Hurston was so proud to be from the black community that she mentioned it in her
writings; she even changed it to her birthplace. Eatonville, Florida, had a massive impact on Zora's
life. It shaped her life and writing style. Hurston explains: "Anyway, the force from somewhere in
Space which commands you to write in the first place, gives you no choice. You take up the pen
when you are told, and write what is commanded. There is no agony like bearing an untold story
inside you."
Once her mother passed, she was "passed about like a bad penny." Her father treated her like he
didn't want to have anything to do with her. Her father told her that she'd be hung for sure, since she
was filled with passion and imagination. She felt as though once her daddy remarried the bond that
they had been broken. Zora and her step mother Mattie Moge never got along with each other. They
always exchange words and sometimes it would get intense to the point of them fighting. A few
years later poor Zora would get tired of what she was going through. Zora worked her way up to the
top, and later enrolled in school with a false birth date. Zora Neale Hurston was a novelist,
folklorist, and anthropologist
Many things happened in Zora Neale Hurston life that may have affected or influenced her. She
always believed that her father resented her spirit and independence. Her mother always encouraged
her ambitions to do well no matter what occurs. She was inspired by her dying

Harlem Renaissance Influence
The Harlem Renaissance was the most powerful movement for African Americans in the 1920's.
The Harlem Renaissance represent the rebirth of African Americans in the United States. It took
place in a section of New york city called the Harlem neighborhood. They called this time the Great
migration because between the late 18th and early 19th century 6 million blacks migrated to the
northern cities(Kelly). The Harlem Renaissance started at the end of World War 1 and the beginning
of the Great Depression(hall ). The Harlem Renaissance was full of all kinds of creative people like
songwriters/singers, athletes, and novelist. Why was the Harlem Renaissance an important factor in
today's society? This amazing life event was the new beginning for ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He was the youngest of eleven children in St. Ann's Bay, Jamaica. He was a jamaican born orator
for the black nationalism and pan–africanism and he founded the Universal Negro Improvement
Association and the african communities league. He was also African Americans had the NAACP to
help them throughout their journey to become great. The NAACP stands for the National
Association for the Advancement of colored people and they were their to ensure their rights as
human beings in 1910. They were originally called the National Negro Committee and because of
all of this blacks came together to fight for their rights(source 2). There were protests and riots of
about 10,000 to 15,000 people because blacks were not getting treated as

The Negro Movement
Looking back at the history of the culture that has risen from the ashes; one may be quite surprised
just how far the African American culture has come. The progression of the African American
culture is indeed one to be proud of. From cotton fields to Harlem, "The New Negro Movement",
sparked a sense of cultural self–determination, with a yearning to strive for economic, political
equality, and civic participation. This was a movement that sparked a wide range of advancements
in the African American culture. Leaving footprints of great individuals as well as set a path way for
future generations to follow; setting a trend for Black greatness. After the American Civil War there
was a spark within the African American culture ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Additionally, there were other aspects of Black greatness emerging from oppression. "...Through
their artistry, the literature of this period helped to facilitate a transformation from the psychology of
the "Old Negro" (characterized by an implied inferiority of the post–Reconstruction era when black
artists often did not control the means of production or editorial prerogatives) to the "New Negro"
(characterized as self–assertive, racially conscious, articulate, and, for the most part, in charge of
what they produced). Landmark texts that marked this transformation and encouraged increased
exploration of African American experience through literature included The Book of American
Negro Poetry (1922), edited by James Weldon Johnson and The New Negro (1925) by Locke. The
short–lived literary magazine Fire!! (1926) also had a significant impact on the literary production
because it represented the efforts of younger African American writers (such as Hughes and
Hurston) to claim their own creativity apart from older artists (such as DuBois and James Weldon
Johnson), as well as to establish autonomy from potential white exploiters..." (Trudier Harris–
Lopez, "Forward" Harlem Renaissance, Volume I. Janet Witalec, project editor. Farmington Hill,
MI: Gale, 2003 Call and Response: The Riverside Anthology of the African American Literary
Tradition. Ed. Patricia Liggins

The Origin of the Civil Rights Movement Essay
Before one woman refused to head to the back of the bus, before there was a voice to peacefully
express the dream, before Jim Crow was scared away, there were organizations, fighters and events
that contributed to the advancement of African Americans. As W.E.B. Du Bois provided the diving
board that would allow blacks to dive into the pool of equality, he is found at the origin of the Civil
Rights Movement. The Pan–Africanism movement, the rage following the Red Summer, and the
Great Migration continued the efforts of W.E.B. Du Bois. The bold and striking words and actions
of Marcus Garvey showed whites that blacks would not be called an inferior race any longer.
Following World War II, many bounds toward racial equality were ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It was difficult for African Americans to fight the group whose mere name instituted terror. African
Americans had little opportunity to better themselves economically. Some laws prohibited them
from teaching and from entering certain other businesses and professions. Large numbers of blacks
had to take low–paying jobs as farm hands or as servants for white employers. Many others were
forced to become sharecroppers or tenant framers. They rented small plots of land and paid the rent
with money earned from the crops. Struggling to survive, many ran up huge debts to their white
landlords or the town merchants. Fortunately, there were rays of sunshine forcing their way through
this cloudy time. In 1900, Henry Slyvester Williams of Trinidad and Tobago introduced Pan–
Africanism, the idea that people of African descent share a common destiny – that their forced
dispersal through the transatlantic slave trade, their common oppression under colonialism in Africa
and the Caribbean, and under Jim Crow segregation in the United States, had created parallel
contours for struggle (Marable). This global esprit de corps encouraged blacks to continuing
fighting for equal rights in the United States. After Williams' death in 1911, W.E.B. Du Bois
continued the Pan–Africanist movement. He led Pan–African Congresses held in Paris in 1919, in
London, Paris and Brussels in 1921, in London, Paris and Lisbon in 1923, and in New York in 1927.
These

How Did Marcus Garvey Influence The Civil Rights Movement
Marcus Garvey was a very important figure and public speaker for the Black Nationalism and Pan–
Africanism movements. He founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), the
largest secular organization in African–American history, and African Communities League. He was
the inspiration for a global mass movement, Garveyism, which inspired the Nation of Islam and the
Rastafari movement. This Jamaican–born Black Nationalist was an inspirational figure for other
civil rights leaders. Garvey's ideals of racial unity and Pan–African liberation had a profound impact
upon black Americans, leaving some groups to regard him as a prophet.
Marcus Garvey, Jr. was born in St. Ann's Bay, Jamaica, on August 17, 1887. He was born to Marcus
Garvey, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They were believed to have been a part of mail fraud involving the Black Star Line. The case went
on and records show that there were many skeptical accounting problems in the Black Star Line.
Garvey was sentenced to five years in prison; He felt as though he was wrongly convicted because
of a political injustice. He tried to appeal his convention but was denied. After serving his five years,
Garvey was released and deported to Jamaica. Back in Jamaica, Garvey tried to continue his work.
But, things were not like before. He didn't have the same influence on people as he did before his
conviction. He moved to London in 1935. Another major loss of authority happened when Garvey
tried to collaborate with Senator Theodor Bilbo of Mississippi, who wanted to pass an act that
would deport millions of blacks to Liberia at the federal's expense. This act failed in Congress and
Garvey lost even more

Dangerous Autobiography
Minicucci 1
Jeffrey Minicucci
21 April 2017
Professor Logan
EN 102
The "Dangerous" Autobiography of Malcolm X Reliving a brutal past can tear a country apart.
Learning from our mistakes and understanding our history can prevent some of the most outrageous
acts we ever made. Why should the ability to research our past be taken away if the threat of
repeating it is upon us. The Autobiography of Malcolm X is banned and constantly challenged is
schools and public facilities by the Library of Congress. Why are people trying to cover up an
important part in our history from our youth and elders that want a better understanding? Taking an
important piece of history out of our reach will causes it to be repeated and no one will understand
the mistakes that were made and what was learned from them. The civil rights movement during the
1960's was a very dangerous time period in this country involving nearly every member of the
population. Many voices on both sides stood out as leaders, particularly Malcolm X who has been
called the most dangerous man in the world, stood out and said what no one else wanted to say. He
was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His mother stayed at home with Malcolm and his 7 siblings while his father stayed busy as a Baptist
minister and supporter of the Black Nationalist leader Marcus Garvey. Garvey was the voice of the
Black Nationalism and Pan–Africanism movements. When the popularity of those began to
decrease, he founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities
League. This started a global mass movement called Garveyism. Garveyism soon inspired many
others particularly from the Nation of Islam to the Rastafari movement. Some may say that Malcolm
took inspiration from his father and that is why he grew interest in Islam and without his father in
the position he was in, might not have ever influenced Malcolm to accomplish the great things he

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