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TEAMWORK
CT231 & CT216
Catherine Cronin
January 2014
CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 cindy47452

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Source: www.dnainfo.com

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facebook.com/OccupySandyReliefNyc

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Image:CC BY 2.0 Matt

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What is a TEAM?
a group of people working
together to achieve
a common goal
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What is TEAMWORK?
the ability to cooperate and
communicate effectively with others
to achieve a common goal
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Team Working
Benefits
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Challenges

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TEAMWORK
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Establish tasks to be completed
o Work on tasks
o
Communicate / monitor progress
o Work on new / revised tasks
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Solve problems
o Research / development
o
Interpret results
o Networking
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Agree on goals / milestones
INDIVIDUAL
WORK
Agree completion of project

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CC BY-NC-SA Harold Jarche

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Image credit: Alec Couros

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Stages of Team Development
Forming (assemble team; deal with ambiguity)
Storming (deal with criticism; develop ideas)
Norming
(procedures, cohesion)
Performing (cooperation)
[Adjourning]
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Source: Bruce Tuckman (1965) Small Group Development

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Maturity Continuum
DEPENDENCE
INDEPENDENCE
INTERDEPENDENCE
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Source: Stephen R. Covey (1989) The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People

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Consideration
4 Paradigms of human interaction
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Lose / Win
Win / Win
Lose / Lose
Win / Lose
Courage

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Win/Win
If Win/Win is such an ideal, why don’t we do
it all the time?
What gets in the way?
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Key Teamwork SKILLS
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INTERPERSONAL
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SELF / PROJECT MANAGEMENT
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Trust / acceptance
Communication
Collaborative problem-solving
Conflict resolution
Goal setting
Planning
Task co-ordination
Performance management
Source: Slyke, Trimmer, Kittner (2004) Teaching Teamwork in IS Courses

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A few TEAMWORK guidelines…
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Effective communication
Team Working Agreement
Effective meetings
Project management
Conflict management

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1. Effective communication
 Communicate openly & supportively
 Listen openly
 Interpret nonverbal messages
 Give useful feedback
 Receive feedback effectively
 …
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2. Team Working Agreement
What is it?
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Expectations each team has for its members
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Effectively a contract which all team members
sign up to… each team member is expected to
abide by that contract
Designed specifically for your team

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Team Working Agreement
Key points:
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Each team member needs to input
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A chance for all members to voice their opinions
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Tailor to meet the specific needs of your team
members
All members will be accountable for statements
in the agreement

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Team Working Agreement:
Issues to consider
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participation by all members
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decision-making
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problem-solving approaches
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management of conflict / differences
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effective communication method(s)
responsibilities & conduct

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SAMPLE:
Boeing Code of Cooperation for Teams
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EVERY member is responsible for the team’s progress and
success
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Attend all team meetings; be on time
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Listen to & show respect for view of members
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Criticize ideas, not persons
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Use & expect constructive feedback
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Resolve conflicts constructively
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Avoid destructive behaviour
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Always strive for win-win situations
Ask questions when you do not understand
Source: http://aircraftdesign.nuaa.edu.cn/PD-2006/PDF/P1-requirement%20and%20schedule.pdf

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3. Meeting Guidelines (sample)
 Project meetings will be held every
 Meetings will be called by
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 Meetings will begin and end on time.
 Decisions will be made by consensus/ majority
rule/anarchy.
 Role of scribe will rotate.
 Minutes will be issued by e-mail within 24 hours of
each meeting.
 Exceptions allowable/not allowable.
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4. Project Management
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Start with consensus on project GOAL
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Then work to a project PLAN
Milestone
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Responsibility
Date

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5. Conflict
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People typically fear and avoid conflict
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Most people believe conflict does not belong
in the workplace
However, dynamic organizations use
conflict as a CREATIVE FORCE.
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TEAMWORK
o
o
Establish tasks to be completed
o Work on tasks
o
Communicate / monitor progress
o Work on new / revised tasks
o
Solve problems
o Research / development
o
Interpret results
o Networking
o
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Agree on goals / milestones
INDIVIDUAL
WORK
Agree completion of project

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Teamwork in a Software
Development Environment
COMMUNICATION
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Communicate well; listen openly
KEEP THE PROJECT ON TRACK
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Work to the plan to keep motivation high
Update the plan as things change
CONFLICT
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Accept and work with/through conflict
Develop a constructive conflict style